neser 0.1.1

NESER - NES Emulator in Rust - is a NES emulator written in Rust. It aims to be a high-quality, hardware-accurate emulator that is also easy to use and extend. It supports a wide range of NES games and features, including various mappers, audio processing, and input handling. NESER is designed to be modular and extensible, allowing developers to easily add new features or support for additional hardware. It can be run using one of two frontends: a native desktop application using SDL2, or a web application using WebAssembly. The desktop application provides a high-performance, feature-rich experience with support for various input devices and display options, while the web application allows users to play NES games directly in their browsers without needing to install any software in a BYOR manner (Bring Your Own Roms).
Documentation
//! Mapper 117 - Fu Guang
//!
//! Specifications:
//! - Main: <https://www.nesdev.org/wiki/INES_Mapper_117>
//! - Mesen2 reference: `Core/NES/Mappers/Unlicensed/Mapper117.h`
//!
//! Known Limitations:
//! - IRQ timing is modeled as a CPU-cycle countdown with reload/start/ack controls.

use crate::cartridge::BaseMapper;
use crate::cartridge::NametableLayout;
use crate::cartridge::cpu_cycle_irq::{CpuCycleIrq, CpuCycleIrqMode};
use crate::cartridge::mapper::{Mapper, MapperCapabilities};

/// Mapper 117 - Fu Guang
pub struct Mapper117 {
    base: BaseMapper,
    prg_regs: [u8; 3],
    chr_regs: [u8; 8],
    irq: CpuCycleIrq,
}

impl Mapper117 {
    const PRG_BANK_SIZE: usize = 0x2000;
    const CHR_BANK_SIZE: usize = 0x0400;
    const SNAPSHOT_SIZE: usize = 15;

    pub fn new(ctx: super::mapper::MapperContext) -> Self {
        let capabilities = MapperCapabilities {
            has_irq: true,
            has_chr_banking: true,
            has_dynamic_mirroring: true,
            prg_bank_size_kb: 8,
            chr_bank_size_kb: 1,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let mut base = BaseMapper::new(&ctx, capabilities);
        base.configure_prg_banking(Self::PRG_BANK_SIZE);
        base.configure_chr_banking(Self::CHR_BANK_SIZE);
        base.set_mirroring(NametableLayout::Vertical);

        let mut mapper = Self {
            base,
            prg_regs: [0, 1, 2],
            chr_regs: [0; 8],
            irq: CpuCycleIrq::new(CpuCycleIrqMode::DownToZero),
        };
        mapper.update_banks();
        mapper
    }

    fn update_banks(&mut self) {
        self.base.select_prg_page(0, self.prg_regs[0] as i16);
        self.base.select_prg_page(1, self.prg_regs[1] as i16);
        self.base.select_prg_page(2, self.prg_regs[2] as i16);
        self.base.select_prg_page(3, -1);

        for (slot, bank) in self.chr_regs.iter().enumerate() {
            self.base.select_chr_page(slot, *bank as i16);
        }
    }

    fn set_power_on_state(&mut self) {
        self.prg_regs = [0, 1, 2];
        self.chr_regs = [0; 8];
        self.base.set_mirroring(NametableLayout::Vertical);
        self.irq.set_reload(0);
        self.irq.set_counter(0);
        self.irq.set_enabled(false);
        self.irq.set_pending(false);
        self.update_banks();
    }
}

impl Mapper for Mapper117 {
    fn base(&self) -> &BaseMapper {
        &self.base
    }
    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BaseMapper {
        &mut self.base
    }

    fn write_prg(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) {
        match addr {
            0x8000..=0x8002 => {
                self.prg_regs[(addr & 0x0003) as usize] = value;
                self.update_banks();
            }
            0xA000..=0xA007 => {
                self.chr_regs[(addr & 0x0007) as usize] = value;
                self.update_banks();
            }
            0xC001 => self.irq.set_reload(value as u16),
            0xC002 => self.irq.acknowledge(),
            0xC003 => self.irq.reload_counter(),
            0xD000 => {
                self.base.set_mirroring(if (value & 0x01) != 0 {
                    NametableLayout::Horizontal
                } else {
                    NametableLayout::Vertical
                });
            }
            0xE000 => {
                self.irq.set_enabled((value & 0x01) != 0);
                self.irq.acknowledge();
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    fn irq_pending(&self) -> bool {
        self.irq.is_pending()
    }

    fn cpu_cycle(&mut self) {
        self.irq.tick();
    }

    fn registers_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(Self::SNAPSHOT_SIZE);
        data.push(matches!(self.base.mirroring(), NametableLayout::Vertical) as u8);
        data.extend_from_slice(&self.prg_regs);
        data.extend_from_slice(&self.chr_regs);
        data.push((self.irq.enabled() as u8) | ((self.irq.is_pending() as u8) << 1));
        data.push(self.irq.reload() as u8);
        data.push(self.irq.counter() as u8);
        data
    }

    fn restore_registers(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
        if data.len() < Self::SNAPSHOT_SIZE {
            return;
        }

        self.base.set_mirroring(if data[0] != 0 {
            NametableLayout::Vertical
        } else {
            NametableLayout::Horizontal
        });
        self.prg_regs.copy_from_slice(&data[1..4]);
        self.chr_regs.copy_from_slice(&data[4..12]);

        let irq_flags = data[12];
        self.irq.set_enabled((irq_flags & 0x01) != 0);
        self.irq.set_pending((irq_flags & 0x02) != 0);
        self.irq.set_reload(data[13] as u16);
        self.irq.set_counter(data[14] as u16);
        self.update_banks();
    }

    fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.set_power_on_state();
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::cartridge::mapper::{MapperContext, create_mapper};
    use crate::cartridge::test_helpers::banked_data;

    const PRG_BANKS: usize = 11;
    const CHR_BANKS: usize = 13;

    fn make_mapper() -> Mapper117 {
        Mapper117::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
            117,
            banked_data(8 * 1024, PRG_BANKS),
            banked_data(1024, CHR_BANKS),
            NametableLayout::Vertical,
        ))
    }

    #[test]
    fn mapper_117_is_registered() {
        let mapper = create_mapper(MapperContext::new_for_test(
            117,
            banked_data(8 * 1024, PRG_BANKS),
            banked_data(1024, CHR_BANKS),
            NametableLayout::Vertical,
        ));
        assert!(mapper.is_ok());
    }

    #[test]
    fn prg_8000_bfff_is_switchable_and_last_8k_is_fixed() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 4);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8001, 5);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8002, 6);

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 4);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xA000), 5);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 6);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xE000), (PRG_BANKS - 1) as u8);
    }

    #[test]
    fn write_to_8003_is_ignored() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 4);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8001, 5);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8002, 6);

        mapper.write_prg(0x8003, 0);

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 4);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xA000), 5);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 6);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xE000), (PRG_BANKS - 1) as u8);
    }

    #[test]
    fn chr_1k_banks_are_independently_switchable() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        for slot in 0..8u16 {
            mapper.write_prg(0xA000 + slot, (slot + 3) as u8);
        }

        for slot in 0..8u16 {
            let expected = ((slot + 3) as usize % CHR_BANKS) as u8;
            assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(slot * 0x400), expected);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn d000_bit0_controls_mirroring_vertical_horizontal() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0xD000, 0);
        assert_eq!(mapper.get_mirroring(), NametableLayout::Vertical);

        mapper.write_prg(0xD000, 1);
        assert_eq!(mapper.get_mirroring(), NametableLayout::Horizontal);
    }

    #[test]
    fn irq_fires_after_configured_cycle_count_when_enabled() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0xC001, 3);
        mapper.write_prg(0xC003, 0);
        mapper.write_prg(0xE000, 1);
        mapper.cpu_cycle();
        mapper.cpu_cycle();
        assert!(!mapper.irq_pending());
        mapper.cpu_cycle();
        assert!(mapper.irq_pending());
    }

    #[test]
    fn irq_does_not_fire_while_disabled() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0xC001, 3);
        mapper.write_prg(0xC003, 0);
        mapper.write_prg(0xE000, 0);
        for _ in 0..8 {
            mapper.cpu_cycle();
        }
        assert!(!mapper.irq_pending());
    }

    #[test]
    fn irq_acknowledge_clears_pending() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0xC001, 1);
        mapper.write_prg(0xC003, 0);
        mapper.write_prg(0xE000, 1);
        mapper.cpu_cycle();
        assert!(mapper.irq_pending());

        mapper.write_prg(0xC002, 0);
        assert!(!mapper.irq_pending());
    }

    #[test]
    fn snapshot_restore_roundtrip_preserves_mapper_state() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 4);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8001, 5);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8002, 6);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 7);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA007, 8);
        mapper.write_prg(0xD000, 1);
        mapper.write_prg(0xC001, 5);
        mapper.write_prg(0xC003, 0);
        mapper.write_prg(0xE000, 1);
        mapper.cpu_cycle();
        mapper.cpu_cycle();

        let snapshot = mapper.registers_snapshot();
        let mut restored = make_mapper();
        restored.restore_registers(&snapshot);

        assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0x8000), mapper.read_prg(0x8000));
        assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0xA000), mapper.read_prg(0xA000));
        assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0xC000), mapper.read_prg(0xC000));
        assert_eq!(restored.read_chr(0x0000), mapper.read_chr(0x0000));
        assert_eq!(restored.read_chr(0x1C00), mapper.read_chr(0x1C00));
        assert_eq!(restored.get_mirroring(), mapper.get_mirroring());
        assert_eq!(restored.irq.reload(), mapper.irq.reload());
        assert_eq!(restored.irq.counter(), mapper.irq.counter());
        assert_eq!(restored.irq.enabled(), mapper.irq.enabled());
        assert_eq!(restored.irq_pending(), mapper.irq_pending());
    }

    #[test]
    fn reset_restores_power_on_defaults() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 4);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8001, 5);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8002, 6);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 7);
        mapper.write_prg(0xD000, 1);
        mapper.write_prg(0xC001, 3);
        mapper.write_prg(0xC003, 0);
        mapper.write_prg(0xE000, 1);
        mapper.cpu_cycle();

        mapper.reset();

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 0);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xA000), 1);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 2);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xE000), (PRG_BANKS - 1) as u8);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 0);
        assert_eq!(mapper.get_mirroring(), NametableLayout::Vertical);
        assert_eq!(mapper.irq.reload(), 0);
        assert_eq!(mapper.irq.counter(), 0);
        assert!(!mapper.irq.enabled());
        assert!(!mapper.irq_pending());
    }
}