neser 0.1.1

NESER - NES Emulator in Rust - is a NES emulator written in Rust. It aims to be a high-quality, hardware-accurate emulator that is also easy to use and extend. It supports a wide range of NES games and features, including various mappers, audio processing, and input handling. NESER is designed to be modular and extensible, allowing developers to easily add new features or support for additional hardware. It can be run using one of two frontends: a native desktop application using SDL2, or a web application using WebAssembly. The desktop application provides a high-performance, feature-rich experience with support for various input devices and display options, while the web application allows users to play NES games directly in their browsers without needing to install any software in a BYOR manner (Bring Your Own Roms).
Documentation
//! Mapper 115 - KS202 / MMC3 variant
//!
//! Specifications:
//! - Mesen reference: `MMC3_115`
//!
//! Known Limitations:
//! - No known gameplay-blocking functional limitations are currently documented.

use crate::cartridge::base_mapper::BaseMapper;
use crate::cartridge::mmc3::MMC3Mapper;
use crate::cartridge::{Mapper, MapperCapabilities};

pub struct Mapper115 {
    mmc3: MMC3Mapper,
    prg_reg: u8,
    chr_reg: u8,
    protection_reg: u8,
}

impl Mapper115 {
    const MAPPER_NUMBER: u8 = 115;
    const PRG_BANK_SIZE: usize = 0x2000;
    const PRG_BANK_MASK: usize = Self::PRG_BANK_SIZE - 1;
    const CHR_1K_BANK_SIZE: usize = 0x0400;
    const CHR_BANK_MASK: usize = Self::CHR_1K_BANK_SIZE - 1;

    pub fn new(ctx: super::mapper::MapperContext) -> Self {
        let prg_rom = ctx.prg_rom;
        let chr_rom = ctx.chr_rom;
        let mirroring = ctx.mirroring;
        Self {
            mmc3: MMC3Mapper::new_with_irq_mode(prg_rom, chr_rom, mirroring, false),
            prg_reg: 0,
            chr_reg: 0,
            protection_reg: 0,
        }
    }

    fn prg_slot(addr: u16) -> usize {
        ((addr as usize).saturating_sub(0x8000) >> 13) & 0x03
    }

    fn mapped_prg_bank(&self, addr: u16) -> usize {
        if (self.prg_reg & 0x80) == 0 {
            return self.mmc3.mapped_prg_bank(addr);
        }

        let low = (self.prg_reg & 0x0F) as usize;
        let slot = Self::prg_slot(addr);
        if (self.prg_reg & 0x20) != 0 {
            ((low >> 1) << 2) | slot
        } else {
            (low << 1) | (slot & 0x01)
        }
    }

    fn mapped_chr_1k_bank(&self, addr: u16) -> usize {
        self.mmc3.mapped_chr_1k_bank(addr) | ((self.chr_reg as usize) << 8)
    }
}

impl Mapper for Mapper115 {
    fn base(&self) -> &BaseMapper {
        &self.mmc3.base
    }

    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BaseMapper {
        &mut self.mmc3.base
    }

    fn mmc3_delegate(&self) -> Option<&MMC3Mapper> {
        Some(&self.mmc3)
    }

    fn mmc3_delegate_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut MMC3Mapper> {
        Some(&mut self.mmc3)
    }

    fn read_prg(&self, addr: u16) -> u8 {
        match addr {
            0x5000..=0x5FFF => self.protection_reg,
            0x6000..=0x7FFF => self.mmc3.read_prg(addr),
            0x8000..=0xFFFF => {
                let bank = self.mapped_prg_bank(addr);
                let offset = (addr as usize) & Self::PRG_BANK_MASK;
                self.mmc3.read_prg_at_bank(bank, offset)
            }
            _ => 0,
        }
    }

    fn read_prg_open_bus(&self, addr: u16, open_bus: u8) -> u8 {
        match addr {
            0x5000..=0x5FFF => self.protection_reg,
            0x6000..=0x7FFF => self.mmc3.read_prg_open_bus(addr, open_bus),
            0x8000..=0xFFFF => self.read_prg(addr),
            _ => open_bus,
        }
    }

    fn write_prg(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) {
        if (0x6000..=0x7FFF).contains(&addr) {
            self.mmc3.write_prg(addr, value);
        } else if (0x4100..=0x5FFF).contains(&addr) {
            if addr == 0x5080 {
                self.protection_reg = value;
            } else if (addr & 0x01) != 0 {
                self.chr_reg = value & 0x01;
            } else {
                self.prg_reg = value;
            }
        } else if (0x8000..=0xFFFF).contains(&addr) {
            self.mmc3.write_prg(addr, value);
        }
    }

    fn read_chr(&mut self, addr: u16) -> u8 {
        let bank = self.mapped_chr_1k_bank(addr);
        let offset = (addr as usize) & Self::CHR_BANK_MASK;
        self.mmc3.read_chr_1k_at(bank, offset)
    }

    fn write_chr(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) {
        let bank = self.mapped_chr_1k_bank(addr);
        let offset = (addr as usize) & Self::CHR_BANK_MASK;
        self.mmc3.write_chr_1k_at(bank, offset, value);
    }

    fn mapper_number(&self) -> u16 {
        u16::from(Self::MAPPER_NUMBER)
    }

    fn wram_size(&self) -> usize {
        self.mmc3.wram_size()
    }

    fn wram_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        self.mmc3.wram_snapshot()
    }

    fn load_wram_snapshot(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
        self.mmc3.load_wram_snapshot(data);
    }

    fn registers_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut snap = self.mmc3.registers_snapshot();
        snap.push(self.prg_reg);
        snap.push(self.chr_reg);
        snap.push(self.protection_reg);
        snap
    }

    fn restore_registers(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
        if data.len() >= 3 {
            let (mmc3_data, tail) = data.split_at(data.len() - 3);
            self.prg_reg = tail[0];
            self.chr_reg = tail[1] & 0x01;
            self.protection_reg = tail[2];
            self.mmc3.restore_registers(mmc3_data);
        }
    }

    fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.mmc3.reset();
        self.prg_reg = 0;
        self.chr_reg = 0;
        self.protection_reg = 0;
    }

    fn capabilities(&self) -> MapperCapabilities {
        MapperCapabilities {
            has_irq: true,
            has_chr_banking: true,
            has_dynamic_mirroring: true,
            max_prg_ram_kb: 8,
            prg_bank_size_kb: 8,
            chr_bank_size_kb: 1,
            ..Default::default()
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::cartridge::NametableLayout;
    use crate::cartridge::mapper::{Mapper, MapperContext, create_mapper};
    use crate::cartridge::test_helpers::banked_data;

    const PRG_BANKS_8K: usize = 64;
    const CHR_BANKS_1K: usize = 320;

    fn chr_data_with_high_bank_marker() -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut chr = vec![0u8; CHR_BANKS_1K * 1024];
        for bank in 0..CHR_BANKS_1K {
            let base = bank * 1024;
            chr[base] = bank as u8;
            chr[base + 1] = ((bank >> 8) & 0x01) as u8;
        }
        chr
    }

    fn make_mapper() -> Box<dyn Mapper> {
        create_mapper(MapperContext::new_for_test(
            115,
            banked_data(8 * 1024, PRG_BANKS_8K),
            chr_data_with_high_bank_marker(),
            NametableLayout::Vertical,
        ))
        .expect("Mapper 115 should be implemented")
    }

    #[test]
    fn mapper_115_is_registered_in_factory() {
        let result = create_mapper(MapperContext::new_for_test(
            115,
            banked_data(8 * 1024, PRG_BANKS_8K),
            chr_data_with_high_bank_marker(),
            NametableLayout::Vertical,
        ));
        assert!(
            result.is_ok(),
            "Mapper 115 must be registered in the mapper factory"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn outer_prg_reg_bit7_clear_uses_inner_mmc3_banking() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x4100, 0x00);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x06);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8001, 5);

        assert_eq!(
            mapper.read_prg(0x8000),
            5,
            "With bit7 clear, mapper 115 PRG should follow MMC3 R6 mapping"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn outer_prg_reg_16k_mode_mirrors_low_and_high_halves() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x4100, 0x83);

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 6);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xA000), 7);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 6);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xE000), 7);
    }

    #[test]
    fn outer_prg_reg_32k_mode_selects_contiguous_four_banks() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x4100, 0xAB);

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 20);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xA000), 21);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), 22);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xE000), 23);
    }

    #[test]
    fn chr_outer_bit_extends_mmc3_chr_bank() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x02);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8001, 5);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x1001), 0);

        mapper.write_prg(0x4101, 0x01);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x1001), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn mirroring_control_is_delegated_to_mmc3() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        assert_eq!(mapper.get_mirroring(), NametableLayout::Vertical);

        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 1);
        assert_eq!(mapper.get_mirroring(), NametableLayout::Horizontal);
    }

    #[test]
    fn irq_signalling_is_delegated_to_mmc3() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0xC000, 1);
        mapper.write_prg(0xC001, 0);
        mapper.write_prg(0xE001, 0);

        for _ in 0..2 {
            mapper.ppu_address_changed(0x0FFF);
            for _ in 0..3 {
                mapper.cpu_cycle();
            }
            mapper.ppu_address_changed(0x1000);
        }

        assert!(mapper.irq_pending(), "Mapper 115 should raise MMC3 IRQs");
    }

    #[test]
    fn registers_snapshot_roundtrip_preserves_outer_regs() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x4100, 0xAB);
        mapper.write_prg(0x4101, 0x01);
        mapper.write_prg(0x5080, 0x5A);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 1);

        let snap = mapper.registers_snapshot();
        let mut restored = make_mapper();
        restored.restore_registers(&snap);

        assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0x8000), 20);
        assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0xA000), 21);
        assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0xC000), 22);
        assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0xE000), 23);
        assert_eq!(restored.read_chr(0x1001), 1);
        assert_eq!(restored.get_mirroring(), NametableLayout::Horizontal);
        assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0x5000), 0x5A);
    }

    #[test]
    fn wram_window_writes_do_not_modify_outer_registers() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0x06);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8001, 5);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 5);

        mapper.write_prg(0x6000, 0xAA);

        assert_eq!(
            mapper.read_prg(0x6000),
            0xAA,
            "$6000-$7FFF writes should be handled as WRAM writes"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            mapper.read_prg(0x8000),
            5,
            "WRAM writes must not accidentally update mapper 115 outer bank registers"
        );
    }
}