neser 0.1.1

NESER - NES Emulator in Rust - is a NES emulator written in Rust. It aims to be a high-quality, hardware-accurate emulator that is also easy to use and extend. It supports a wide range of NES games and features, including various mappers, audio processing, and input handling. NESER is designed to be modular and extensible, allowing developers to easily add new features or support for additional hardware. It can be run using one of two frontends: a native desktop application using SDL2, or a web application using WebAssembly. The desktop application provides a high-performance, feature-rich experience with support for various input devices and display options, while the web application allows users to play NES games directly in their browsers without needing to install any software in a BYOR manner (Bring Your Own Roms).
Documentation
//! Mapper 112 - NTDEC multicart
//!
//! Specifications:
//! - Main: <https://www.nesdev.org/wiki/INES_Mapper_112>
//! - Mesen2 reference: `Core/NES/Mappers/Ntdec/Mapper112.h`
//!
//! Known Limitations:
//! - No IRQ support (matching mapper hardware).

use crate::cartridge::NametableLayout;
use crate::cartridge::base_mapper::BaseMapper;
use crate::cartridge::mapper::{Mapper, MapperCapabilities, MapperContext};

/// Mapper 112 - NTDEC multicart
pub struct Mapper112 {
    base: BaseMapper,
    current_register: u8,
    outer_chr_bank: u8,
    registers: [u8; 8],
}

impl Mapper112 {
    const PRG_BANK_SIZE: usize = 0x2000;
    const CHR_BANK_SIZE: usize = 0x0400;
    const SNAPSHOT_SIZE: usize = 11;

    pub fn new(ctx: MapperContext) -> Self {
        let capabilities = MapperCapabilities {
            has_chr_banking: true,
            has_dynamic_mirroring: true,
            prg_bank_size_kb: 8,
            chr_bank_size_kb: 1,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let mut base = BaseMapper::new(&ctx, capabilities);
        base.configure_prg_banking(Self::PRG_BANK_SIZE);
        base.configure_chr_banking(Self::CHR_BANK_SIZE);

        let mut mapper = Self {
            base,
            current_register: 0,
            outer_chr_bank: 0,
            registers: [0; 8],
        };
        mapper.set_power_on_state();
        mapper
    }

    fn update_state(&mut self) {
        self.base.select_prg_page(0, self.registers[0] as i16);
        self.base.select_prg_page(1, self.registers[1] as i16);
        self.base.select_prg_page(2, -2);
        self.base.select_prg_page(3, -1);

        let chr_2k_0 = (self.registers[2] as i16) * 2;
        self.base.select_chr_page(0, chr_2k_0);
        self.base.select_chr_page(1, chr_2k_0 + 1);

        let chr_2k_1 = (self.registers[3] as i16) * 2;
        self.base.select_chr_page(2, chr_2k_1);
        self.base.select_chr_page(3, chr_2k_1 + 1);

        self.base.select_chr_page(
            4,
            (self.registers[4] as u16 | (((self.outer_chr_bank as u16) & 0x10) << 4)) as i16,
        );
        self.base.select_chr_page(
            5,
            (self.registers[5] as u16 | (((self.outer_chr_bank as u16) & 0x20) << 3)) as i16,
        );
        self.base.select_chr_page(
            6,
            (self.registers[6] as u16 | (((self.outer_chr_bank as u16) & 0x40) << 2)) as i16,
        );
        self.base.select_chr_page(
            7,
            (self.registers[7] as u16 | (((self.outer_chr_bank as u16) & 0x80) << 1)) as i16,
        );
    }

    fn set_power_on_state(&mut self) {
        self.current_register = 0;
        self.outer_chr_bank = 0;
        self.registers = [0; 8];
        self.base.set_mirroring(NametableLayout::Vertical);
        self.update_state();
    }
}

impl Mapper for Mapper112 {
    fn base(&self) -> &BaseMapper {
        &self.base
    }

    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BaseMapper {
        &mut self.base
    }

    fn write_prg(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) {
        if let 0x8000..=0xFFFF = addr {
            match addr & 0xE001 {
                0x8000 => self.current_register = value & 0x07,
                0xA000 => self.registers[self.current_register as usize] = value,
                0xC000 => self.outer_chr_bank = value,
                0xE000 => {
                    self.base.set_mirroring(if (value & 0x01) != 0 {
                        NametableLayout::Horizontal
                    } else {
                        NametableLayout::Vertical
                    });
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
        self.update_state();
    }

    fn registers_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(Self::SNAPSHOT_SIZE);
        data.push(self.base.mirroring().to_snapshot_byte());
        data.push(self.current_register);
        data.push(self.outer_chr_bank);
        data.extend_from_slice(&self.registers);
        data
    }

    fn restore_registers(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
        if data.len() < Self::SNAPSHOT_SIZE {
            return;
        }
        self.base
            .set_mirroring(NametableLayout::from_snapshot_byte(data[0]));
        self.current_register = data[1];
        self.outer_chr_bank = data[2];
        self.registers.copy_from_slice(&data[3..11]);
        self.update_state();
    }

    fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.set_power_on_state();
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::Mapper112;
    use crate::cartridge::NametableLayout;
    use crate::cartridge::mapper::{Mapper, MapperContext, create_mapper};
    use crate::cartridge::test_helpers::banked_data;

    const TEST_PRG_BANKS_8K: usize = 11;
    const TEST_CHR_BANKS_1K: usize = 48;

    fn make_mapper() -> Box<dyn Mapper> {
        create_mapper(MapperContext::new_for_test(
            112,
            banked_data(8 * 1024, TEST_PRG_BANKS_8K),
            banked_data(1024, TEST_CHR_BANKS_1K),
            NametableLayout::Vertical,
        ))
        .expect("Mapper 112 should be implemented")
    }

    fn make_mapper_impl() -> Mapper112 {
        Mapper112::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
            112,
            banked_data(8 * 1024, TEST_PRG_BANKS_8K),
            banked_data(1024, TEST_CHR_BANKS_1K),
            NametableLayout::Vertical,
        ))
    }

    #[test]
    fn mapper_112_is_registered() {
        let mapper = create_mapper(MapperContext::new_for_test(
            112,
            banked_data(8 * 1024, TEST_PRG_BANKS_8K),
            banked_data(1024, TEST_CHR_BANKS_1K),
            NametableLayout::Vertical,
        ));
        assert!(mapper.is_ok(), "Mapper 112 should be registered in factory");
    }

    #[test]
    fn prg_8000_and_a000_are_switchable_while_c000_e000_are_fixed() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 3);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 1);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 5);

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 3);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xA000), 5);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xC000), (TEST_PRG_BANKS_8K - 2) as u8);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xE000), (TEST_PRG_BANKS_8K - 1) as u8);
    }

    #[test]
    fn chr_2k_and_1k_registers_and_outer_chr_bits_control_expected_windows() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 2);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 4);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 3);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 7);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 4);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 8);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 5);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 9);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 6);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 10);
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 7);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 11);
        mapper.write_prg(0xC000, 0xF0);

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0000), 8);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0400), 9);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0800), 14);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0C00), 15);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x1000), 24);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x1400), 25);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x1800), 26);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x1C00), 27);
    }

    #[test]
    fn mirroring_is_controlled_by_e000_bit0() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0xE000, 0);
        assert_eq!(mapper.get_mirroring(), NametableLayout::Vertical);
        mapper.write_prg(0xE000, 1);
        assert_eq!(mapper.get_mirroring(), NametableLayout::Horizontal);
    }

    #[test]
    fn writes_below_0x8000_are_ignored() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper_impl();
        mapper.write_prg(0x8000, 0);
        mapper.write_prg(0xA000, 3);

        let before_prg = mapper.read_prg(0x8000);
        let before_current = mapper.current_register;
        let before_outer = mapper.outer_chr_bank;
        let before_registers = mapper.registers;

        mapper.write_prg(0x4020, 1);
        mapper.write_prg(0x5FFF, 7);

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), before_prg);
        assert_eq!(mapper.current_register, before_current);
        assert_eq!(mapper.outer_chr_bank, before_outer);
        assert_eq!(mapper.registers, before_registers);
    }
}