neser 0.1.0

NESER - NES Emulator in Rust - is a NES emulator written in Rust. It aims to be a high-quality, hardware-accurate emulator that is also easy to use and extend. It supports a wide range of NES games and features, including various mappers, audio processing, and input handling. NESER is designed to be modular and extensible, allowing developers to easily add new features or support for additional hardware. It can be run using one of two frontends: a native desktop application using SDL2, or a web application using WebAssembly. The desktop application provides a high-performance, feature-rich experience with support for various input devices and display options, while the web application allows users to play NES games directly in their browsers without needing to install any software in a BYOR manner (Bring Your Own Roms).
Documentation
//! Mapper 111 - GTROM
//!
//! Specifications:
//! - Primary: <https://www.nesdev.org/wiki/GTROM>
//!
//! Known Limitations:
//! - No known gameplay-blocking functional limitations are currently documented.

use crate::cartridge::base_mapper::BaseMapper;
use crate::cartridge::common::ChrMemory;
use crate::cartridge::mapper::{Mapper, MapperCapabilities, MapperContext};

pub struct GtromMapper {
    base: BaseMapper,
    register: u8,
    nametable_ram: [u8; Self::NAMETABLE_RAM_SIZE],
}

impl GtromMapper {
    const NAMETABLE_BANK_SIZE: usize = 0x0400;
    const NAMETABLE_RAM_SIZE: usize = 4 * Self::NAMETABLE_BANK_SIZE;

    pub fn new(ctx: MapperContext) -> Self {
        let chr_ram_size = ctx.chr_rom.len().max(8 * 1024);
        let capabilities = MapperCapabilities {
            has_chr_banking: true,
            has_dynamic_mirroring: true,
            prg_bank_size_kb: 32,
            chr_bank_size_kb: 8,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let mut base = BaseMapper::new(&ctx, capabilities);
        base.set_chr_memory(ChrMemory::new_ram(chr_ram_size));
        base.configure_prg_banking(32 * 1024);
        base.configure_chr_banking(8 * 1024);

        let mut mapper = Self {
            base,
            register: 0,
            nametable_ram: [0; Self::NAMETABLE_RAM_SIZE],
        };
        mapper.apply_register();
        mapper
    }

    fn apply_register(&mut self) {
        let prg_bank = (self.register & 0x03) as i16;
        let chr_bank = ((self.register >> 5) & 0x01) as i16;

        self.base.select_prg_page(0, prg_bank);
        self.base.select_chr_page(0, chr_bank);
    }

    fn nametable_bank(&self) -> usize {
        ((self.register >> 6) & 0x03) as usize
    }
}

impl Mapper for GtromMapper {
    fn base(&self) -> &BaseMapper {
        &self.base
    }

    fn base_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BaseMapper {
        &mut self.base
    }

    fn write_prg(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) {
        if (0x5000..=0x5FFF).contains(&addr) {
            self.register = value;
            self.apply_register();
        }
    }

    fn read_nametable(&mut self, addr: u16) -> Option<u8> {
        let addr = addr & 0x2FFF;
        if !(0x2000..=0x2FFF).contains(&addr) {
            return None;
        }

        let offset = (addr as usize) & (Self::NAMETABLE_BANK_SIZE - 1);
        let index = self.nametable_bank() * Self::NAMETABLE_BANK_SIZE + offset;
        Some(self.nametable_ram[index])
    }

    fn write_nametable(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) -> bool {
        let addr = addr & 0x2FFF;
        if !(0x2000..=0x2FFF).contains(&addr) {
            return false;
        }

        let offset = (addr as usize) & (Self::NAMETABLE_BANK_SIZE - 1);
        let index = self.nametable_bank() * Self::NAMETABLE_BANK_SIZE + offset;
        self.nametable_ram[index] = value;
        true
    }

    fn registers_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut snapshot = Vec::with_capacity(1 + Self::NAMETABLE_RAM_SIZE);
        snapshot.push(self.register);
        snapshot.extend_from_slice(&self.nametable_ram);
        snapshot
    }

    fn initialize_ram(&mut self, mode: crate::console::RamInitMode) {
        self.base.initialize_ram(mode);
        crate::console::initialize_ram(&mut self.nametable_ram, mode);
    }

    fn restore_registers(&mut self, data: &[u8]) {
        if data.is_empty() {
            return;
        }

        self.register = data[0];
        if data.len() > 1 {
            let ram_len = (data.len() - 1).min(Self::NAMETABLE_RAM_SIZE);
            self.nametable_ram[..ram_len].copy_from_slice(&data[1..1 + ram_len]);
        }
        self.apply_register();
    }

    fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.register = 0;
        self.apply_register();
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::cartridge::NametableLayout;
    use crate::cartridge::mapper::create_mapper;
    use crate::cartridge::test_helpers::banked_data;
    use crate::console::RamInitMode;

    const PRG_BANKS_32K: usize = 3;
    const CHR_BANKS_8K: usize = 2;

    fn make_mapper() -> GtromMapper {
        GtromMapper::new(MapperContext::new_for_test(
            111,
            banked_data(32 * 1024, PRG_BANKS_32K),
            banked_data(8 * 1024, CHR_BANKS_8K),
            NametableLayout::Horizontal,
        ))
    }

    #[test]
    fn mapper_111_is_registered_in_factory() {
        let result = create_mapper(MapperContext::new_for_test(
            111,
            banked_data(32 * 1024, PRG_BANKS_32K),
            banked_data(8 * 1024, CHR_BANKS_8K),
            NametableLayout::Horizontal,
        ));
        assert!(result.is_ok(), "Mapper 111 must be registered");
    }

    #[test]
    fn prg_bank_switches_with_register_bits_0_to_1() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x02);

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 2);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0xFFFF), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn chr_bank_switches_with_register_bit_5() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x00);
        mapper.write_chr(0x0010, 0x12);
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x20);
        mapper.write_chr(0x0010, 0x34);

        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x00);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0010), 0x12);
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x20);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0010), 0x34);
    }

    #[test]
    fn nametable_bank_switches_with_register_bits_6_to_7() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x00);
        assert!(mapper.write_nametable(0x2000, 0x10));
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x40);
        assert!(mapper.write_nametable(0x2000, 0x20));
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x80);
        assert!(mapper.write_nametable(0x2000, 0x30));
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0xC0);
        assert!(mapper.write_nametable(0x2000, 0x40));

        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x00);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_nametable(0x2000), Some(0x10));
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x40);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_nametable(0x2000), Some(0x20));
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x80);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_nametable(0x2000), Some(0x30));
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0xC0);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_nametable(0x2000), Some(0x40));
    }

    #[test]
    fn chr_ram_is_writable_even_when_chr_rom_is_present_in_input() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_chr(0x0010, 0x5A);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0010), 0x5A);
    }

    #[test]
    fn registers_snapshot_restore_round_trips_selected_banks() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0xE1);
        assert!(mapper.write_nametable(0x2000, 0x5A));
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_nametable(0x2000), Some(0x5A));
        let snapshot = mapper.registers_snapshot();

        let mut restored = make_mapper();
        restored.restore_registers(&snapshot);

        assert_eq!(restored.read_prg(0x8000), mapper.read_prg(0x8000));
        assert_eq!(restored.read_chr(0x0000), mapper.read_chr(0x0000));
        assert_eq!(restored.read_nametable(0x2000), Some(0x5A));
    }

    #[test]
    fn reset_restores_power_on_register_state() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x22);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 2);
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x02);
        mapper.write_chr(0x0020, 0x21);
        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0x22);
        mapper.write_chr(0x0020, 0x43);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0020), 0x43);

        mapper.reset();

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_prg(0x8000), 0);
        assert_eq!(mapper.read_chr(0x0020), 0x21);
    }

    #[test]
    fn initialize_ram_zero_clears_mapper_owned_nametable_ram() {
        let mut mapper = make_mapper();

        mapper.write_prg(0x5000, 0xC0);
        assert!(mapper.write_nametable(0x2000, 0xAB));
        mapper.initialize_ram(RamInitMode::Zero);

        assert_eq!(mapper.read_nametable(0x2000), Some(0x00));
    }
}