def sign_int(x: int) -> str:
# `+` sign flag: always show the sign (Python `{:+}` → Rust `{:+}`).
return f"{x:+}"
def sign_float(x: float) -> str:
# Sign flag with explicit precision (bare float `:+` is deferred).
return f"{x:+.2f}"
def sign_pad(x: int) -> str:
# Sign composes with zero-pad + width.
return f"{x:+05d}"
def sign_hex(x: int) -> str:
# Sign composes with a radix type char, inside surrounding text.
return f"[{x:+x}]"
def plain_d(x: int) -> str:
# A bare `:d` (decimal) is the int default → plain field.
return f"{x:d}"