use crate::{
error::{QuantRS2Error, QuantRS2Result},
noise_characterization::{
CrossEntropyBenchmarking, DDSequenceType, DynamicalDecoupling, ExtrapolationMethod,
NoiseModel, ProbabilisticErrorCancellation, RandomizedBenchmarking, ZeroNoiseExtrapolation,
},
qaoa::{CostHamiltonian, MixerHamiltonian, QAOACircuit, QAOAParams},
quantum_benchmarking::{
BenchmarkConfig, BenchmarkResult, ComparativeBenchmark, QuantumBenchmarkSuite,
ResourceUsage,
},
quantum_volume_tomography::{GateSetTomography, QuantumProcessTomography, QuantumVolume},
};
use scirs2_core::random::prelude::*;
use scirs2_core::Complex64;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
pub struct ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite {
pub noise_model: NoiseModel,
pub config: BenchmarkConfig,
pub auto_mitigation: bool,
pub assess_qv: bool,
pub enable_tomography: bool,
}
impl Default for ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite {
fn default() -> Self {
Self::new()
}
}
impl ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite {
pub fn new() -> Self {
Self {
noise_model: NoiseModel::default(),
config: BenchmarkConfig::default(),
auto_mitigation: true,
assess_qv: false,
enable_tomography: false,
}
}
pub fn with_noise_model(noise_model: NoiseModel) -> Self {
Self {
noise_model,
config: BenchmarkConfig::default(),
auto_mitigation: true,
assess_qv: false,
enable_tomography: false,
}
}
pub const fn enable_all_features(&mut self) {
self.auto_mitigation = true;
self.assess_qv = true;
self.enable_tomography = true;
}
pub fn benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(
&self,
num_qubits: usize,
edges: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
num_layers: usize,
) -> QuantRS2Result<ComprehensiveBenchmarkReport> {
let start_time = Instant::now();
let noise_analysis = self.characterize_noise(num_qubits)?;
let mitigation_strategy = self.select_mitigation_strategy(&noise_analysis)?;
let qaoa_results =
self.run_qaoa_with_mitigation(num_qubits, edges, num_layers, &mitigation_strategy)?;
let qv_result = if self.assess_qv {
Some(self.assess_quantum_volume(num_qubits)?)
} else {
None
};
let tomography_result = if self.enable_tomography {
Some(self.perform_process_tomography(num_qubits)?)
} else {
None
};
let total_time = start_time.elapsed();
let recommendations = self.generate_recommendations(&noise_analysis, &qaoa_results);
Ok(ComprehensiveBenchmarkReport {
algorithm_name: format!("QAOA MaxCut ({num_qubits} qubits, {num_layers} layers)"),
noise_analysis,
mitigation_strategy,
qaoa_results,
quantum_volume: qv_result,
tomography_fidelity: tomography_result,
total_execution_time: total_time,
recommendations,
})
}
fn characterize_noise(&self, num_qubits: usize) -> QuantRS2Result<NoiseAnalysis> {
let avg_gate_fidelity = self.noise_model.single_qubit_fidelity();
Ok(NoiseAnalysis {
avg_gate_fidelity,
single_qubit_error: 1.0 - self.noise_model.single_qubit_fidelity(),
two_qubit_error: 1.0 - self.noise_model.two_qubit_fidelity(),
coherence_time: self.noise_model.t2_dephasing,
readout_error: self.noise_model.readout_error,
})
}
fn select_mitigation_strategy(
&self,
noise_analysis: &NoiseAnalysis,
) -> QuantRS2Result<MitigationStrategy> {
if noise_analysis.avg_gate_fidelity > 0.99 {
Ok(MitigationStrategy::None)
} else if noise_analysis.avg_gate_fidelity > 0.95 {
Ok(MitigationStrategy::ZeroNoiseExtrapolation {
method: ExtrapolationMethod::Linear,
scaling_factors: vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
})
} else if noise_analysis.coherence_time < 50.0 {
Ok(MitigationStrategy::DynamicalDecoupling {
sequence_type: DDSequenceType::CPMG,
num_pulses: 10,
})
} else {
Ok(MitigationStrategy::ProbabilisticErrorCancellation { num_samples: 1000 })
}
}
fn run_qaoa_with_mitigation(
&self,
num_qubits: usize,
edges: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
num_layers: usize,
strategy: &MitigationStrategy,
) -> QuantRS2Result<QAOABenchmarkResults> {
let cost_hamiltonian = CostHamiltonian::MaxCut(edges);
let mixer_hamiltonian = MixerHamiltonian::TransverseField;
let params = QAOAParams::random(num_layers);
let circuit = QAOACircuit::new(
num_qubits,
cost_hamiltonian,
mixer_hamiltonian,
params.clone(),
);
let noisy_expectation = self.execute_qaoa(&circuit)?;
let mitigated_expectation = match strategy {
MitigationStrategy::None => noisy_expectation,
MitigationStrategy::ZeroNoiseExtrapolation { .. } => {
self.apply_zne_mitigation(&circuit)?
}
MitigationStrategy::DynamicalDecoupling { .. } => self.apply_dd_mitigation(&circuit)?,
MitigationStrategy::ProbabilisticErrorCancellation { .. } => {
self.apply_pec_mitigation(&circuit)?
}
};
let improvement_factor = if noisy_expectation == 0.0 {
1.0
} else {
mitigated_expectation / noisy_expectation
};
Ok(QAOABenchmarkResults {
noisy_expectation,
mitigated_expectation,
improvement_factor,
num_parameters: params.layers * 2,
circuit_depth: num_layers * 2,
})
}
fn execute_qaoa(&self, circuit: &QAOACircuit) -> QuantRS2Result<f64> {
let state_size = 1 << circuit.num_qubits;
let mut state = vec![Complex64::new(0.0, 0.0); state_size];
circuit.execute(&mut state);
for amplitude in &mut state {
let noise_factor = self.noise_model.single_qubit_fidelity();
*amplitude *= Complex64::new(noise_factor.sqrt(), 0.0);
}
Ok(circuit.compute_expectation(&state))
}
fn apply_zne_mitigation(&self, circuit: &QAOACircuit) -> QuantRS2Result<f64> {
let zne = ZeroNoiseExtrapolation::new(vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0], ExtrapolationMethod::Linear);
zne.mitigate(|scale| {
let state_size = 1 << circuit.num_qubits;
let mut state = vec![Complex64::new(0.0, 0.0); state_size];
circuit.execute(&mut state);
for amplitude in &mut state {
let noise_factor = self.noise_model.single_qubit_fidelity().powf(scale);
*amplitude *= Complex64::new(noise_factor.sqrt(), 0.0);
}
circuit.compute_expectation(&state)
})
}
fn apply_dd_mitigation(&self, circuit: &QAOACircuit) -> QuantRS2Result<f64> {
let state_size = 1 << circuit.num_qubits;
let mut state = vec![Complex64::new(0.0, 0.0); state_size];
circuit.execute(&mut state);
let dd = DynamicalDecoupling::new(DDSequenceType::CPMG, 10);
let improvement = dd.coherence_improvement_factor(
self.noise_model.t2_dephasing,
self.noise_model.gate_duration,
);
for amplitude in &mut state {
let improved_fidelity =
1.0 - (1.0 - self.noise_model.single_qubit_fidelity()) / improvement;
*amplitude *= Complex64::new(improved_fidelity.sqrt(), 0.0);
}
Ok(circuit.compute_expectation(&state))
}
fn apply_pec_mitigation(&self, _circuit: &QAOACircuit) -> QuantRS2Result<f64> {
let pec = ProbabilisticErrorCancellation::new(self.noise_model.clone(), 1000);
pec.mitigate(|_gates| {
0.5
})
}
fn assess_quantum_volume(&self, max_qubits: usize) -> QuantRS2Result<usize> {
let mut qv = QuantumVolume::new(max_qubits, 50, 500);
let circuit_executor = |_gates: &[Box<dyn crate::gate::GateOp>], num_shots: usize| {
let mut rng = thread_rng();
let max_value = 1 << max_qubits;
(0..num_shots)
.map(|_| (rng.random::<u64>() as usize) % max_value)
.collect()
};
let result = qv.run(circuit_executor)?;
Ok(result.quantum_volume)
}
fn perform_process_tomography(&self, num_qubits: usize) -> QuantRS2Result<f64> {
let qpt = QuantumProcessTomography::new(num_qubits);
let process = |_prep: &str, _meas: &str| {
let fidelity = self.noise_model.single_qubit_fidelity();
Complex64::new(fidelity, 0.0)
};
let result = qpt.run(process)?;
let trace: Complex64 = result.chi_matrix.diag().iter().sum();
Ok(trace.norm() / (1 << num_qubits) as f64)
}
fn generate_recommendations(
&self,
noise_analysis: &NoiseAnalysis,
qaoa_results: &QAOABenchmarkResults,
) -> Vec<String> {
let mut recommendations = Vec::new();
if noise_analysis.avg_gate_fidelity < 0.95 {
recommendations.push(
"Gate fidelity below 95% - consider recalibration or error mitigation".to_string(),
);
}
if noise_analysis.coherence_time < 50.0 {
recommendations
.push("Low coherence time - implement dynamical decoupling sequences".to_string());
}
if qaoa_results.improvement_factor > 1.5 {
recommendations.push(format!(
"Error mitigation highly effective ({:.2}x improvement) - continue using",
qaoa_results.improvement_factor
));
}
if noise_analysis.readout_error > 0.05 {
recommendations.push(
"High readout error - consider readout error mitigation techniques".to_string(),
);
}
if recommendations.is_empty() {
recommendations.push("System performing well - no immediate action needed".to_string());
}
recommendations
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct NoiseAnalysis {
pub avg_gate_fidelity: f64,
pub single_qubit_error: f64,
pub two_qubit_error: f64,
pub coherence_time: f64,
pub readout_error: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum MitigationStrategy {
None,
ZeroNoiseExtrapolation {
method: ExtrapolationMethod,
scaling_factors: Vec<f64>,
},
DynamicalDecoupling {
sequence_type: DDSequenceType,
num_pulses: usize,
},
ProbabilisticErrorCancellation {
num_samples: usize,
},
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct QAOABenchmarkResults {
pub noisy_expectation: f64,
pub mitigated_expectation: f64,
pub improvement_factor: f64,
pub num_parameters: usize,
pub circuit_depth: usize,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ComprehensiveBenchmarkReport {
pub algorithm_name: String,
pub noise_analysis: NoiseAnalysis,
pub mitigation_strategy: MitigationStrategy,
pub qaoa_results: QAOABenchmarkResults,
pub quantum_volume: Option<usize>,
pub tomography_fidelity: Option<f64>,
pub total_execution_time: Duration,
pub recommendations: Vec<String>,
}
impl ComprehensiveBenchmarkReport {
pub fn print_detailed_report(&self) {
println!("╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗");
println!("║ Comprehensive Quantum Benchmark Report ║");
println!("╠════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣");
println!("║ Algorithm: {:<52} ║", self.algorithm_name);
println!("║ ║");
println!("║ NOISE CHARACTERIZATION ║");
println!(
"║ Average Gate Fidelity: {:>6.4} ({:.2}%) ║",
self.noise_analysis.avg_gate_fidelity,
self.noise_analysis.avg_gate_fidelity * 100.0
);
println!(
"║ Single-Qubit Error Rate: {:>6.4} ({:.3}%) ║",
self.noise_analysis.single_qubit_error,
self.noise_analysis.single_qubit_error * 100.0
);
println!(
"║ Two-Qubit Error Rate: {:>6.4} ({:.2}%) ║",
self.noise_analysis.two_qubit_error,
self.noise_analysis.two_qubit_error * 100.0
);
println!(
"║ Coherence Time (T2): {:>6.2} μs ║",
self.noise_analysis.coherence_time
);
println!(
"║ Readout Error: {:>6.4} ({:.2}%) ║",
self.noise_analysis.readout_error,
self.noise_analysis.readout_error * 100.0
);
println!("║ ║");
println!("║ ERROR MITIGATION ║");
println!(
"║ Strategy: {:<51} ║",
format!("{:?}", self.mitigation_strategy)
.chars()
.take(51)
.collect::<String>()
);
println!("║ ║");
println!("║ QAOA PERFORMANCE ║");
println!(
"║ Noisy Expectation: {:>8.4} ║",
self.qaoa_results.noisy_expectation
);
println!(
"║ Mitigated Expectation: {:>8.4} ║",
self.qaoa_results.mitigated_expectation
);
println!(
"║ Improvement Factor: {:>6.2}x ║",
self.qaoa_results.improvement_factor
);
println!(
"║ Circuit Depth: {:>4} ║",
self.qaoa_results.circuit_depth
);
println!(
"║ Parameters: {:>4} ║",
self.qaoa_results.num_parameters
);
if let Some(qv) = self.quantum_volume {
println!("║ ║");
println!("║ Quantum Volume: {qv:>4} ║");
}
if let Some(fidelity) = self.tomography_fidelity {
println!(
"║ Tomography Fidelity: {:>6.4} ({:.2}%) ║",
fidelity,
fidelity * 100.0
);
}
println!("║ ║");
println!(
"║ Total Execution Time: {:?} ║",
self.total_execution_time
);
println!("║ ║");
println!("║ RECOMMENDATIONS ║");
for (i, rec) in self.recommendations.iter().enumerate() {
let lines = self.wrap_text(rec, 60);
for (j, line) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
if j == 0 {
println!("║ {}. {:<60} ║", i + 1, line);
} else {
println!("║ {line:<60} ║");
}
}
}
println!("╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝");
}
fn wrap_text(&self, text: &str, width: usize) -> Vec<String> {
let words: Vec<&str> = text.split_whitespace().collect();
let mut lines = Vec::new();
let mut current_line = String::new();
for word in words {
if current_line.len() + word.len() < width {
if !current_line.is_empty() {
current_line.push(' ');
}
current_line.push_str(word);
} else {
if !current_line.is_empty() {
lines.push(current_line.clone());
}
current_line = word.to_string();
}
}
if !current_line.is_empty() {
lines.push(current_line);
}
lines
}
pub fn to_json(&self) -> String {
format!(
r#"{{
"algorithm": "{}",
"noise_analysis": {{
"avg_gate_fidelity": {},
"single_qubit_error": {},
"two_qubit_error": {},
"coherence_time": {},
"readout_error": {}
}},
"qaoa_results": {{
"noisy_expectation": {},
"mitigated_expectation": {},
"improvement_factor": {},
"circuit_depth": {},
"num_parameters": {}
}},
"quantum_volume": {},
"tomography_fidelity": {},
"execution_time_ms": {},
"recommendations": {:?}
}}"#,
self.algorithm_name,
self.noise_analysis.avg_gate_fidelity,
self.noise_analysis.single_qubit_error,
self.noise_analysis.two_qubit_error,
self.noise_analysis.coherence_time,
self.noise_analysis.readout_error,
self.qaoa_results.noisy_expectation,
self.qaoa_results.mitigated_expectation,
self.qaoa_results.improvement_factor,
self.qaoa_results.circuit_depth,
self.qaoa_results.num_parameters,
self.quantum_volume.unwrap_or(0),
self.tomography_fidelity.unwrap_or(0.0),
self.total_execution_time.as_millis(),
self.recommendations
)
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_comprehensive_suite_creation() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
assert!(suite.auto_mitigation);
assert!(!suite.assess_qv);
assert!(!suite.enable_tomography);
}
#[test]
fn test_mitigation_strategy_selection() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
let high_fidelity_analysis = NoiseAnalysis {
avg_gate_fidelity: 0.995,
single_qubit_error: 0.005,
two_qubit_error: 0.01,
coherence_time: 100.0,
readout_error: 0.01,
};
let strategy = suite
.select_mitigation_strategy(&high_fidelity_analysis)
.expect("strategy selection for high fidelity should succeed");
assert!(matches!(strategy, MitigationStrategy::None));
let moderate_noise_analysis = NoiseAnalysis {
avg_gate_fidelity: 0.96,
single_qubit_error: 0.04,
two_qubit_error: 0.08,
coherence_time: 80.0,
readout_error: 0.02,
};
let strategy = suite
.select_mitigation_strategy(&moderate_noise_analysis)
.expect("strategy selection for moderate noise should succeed");
assert!(matches!(
strategy,
MitigationStrategy::ZeroNoiseExtrapolation { .. }
));
let low_coherence_analysis = NoiseAnalysis {
avg_gate_fidelity: 0.90,
single_qubit_error: 0.10,
two_qubit_error: 0.20,
coherence_time: 30.0,
readout_error: 0.03,
};
let strategy = suite
.select_mitigation_strategy(&low_coherence_analysis)
.expect("strategy selection for low coherence should succeed");
assert!(matches!(
strategy,
MitigationStrategy::DynamicalDecoupling { .. }
));
}
#[test]
fn test_qaoa_comprehensive_benchmark() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
let edges = vec![(0, 1), (1, 2)];
let result = suite
.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(3, edges, 1)
.expect("QAOA comprehensive benchmark should succeed");
assert_eq!(result.algorithm_name, "QAOA MaxCut (3 qubits, 1 layers)");
assert!(result.noise_analysis.avg_gate_fidelity > 0.0);
assert!(result.qaoa_results.improvement_factor >= 1.0);
assert!(!result.recommendations.is_empty());
println!("\n=== Comprehensive Benchmark Test ===");
result.print_detailed_report();
}
#[test]
fn test_report_json_export() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
let edges = vec![(0, 1)];
let result = suite
.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(2, edges, 1)
.expect("QAOA benchmark should succeed");
let json = result.to_json();
assert!(json.contains("\"algorithm\""));
assert!(json.contains("\"noise_analysis\""));
assert!(json.contains("\"qaoa_results\""));
println!("\n=== JSON Export ===");
println!("{}", json);
}
#[test]
fn test_all_features_enabled() {
let mut suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
suite.enable_all_features();
assert!(suite.auto_mitigation);
assert!(suite.assess_qv);
assert!(suite.enable_tomography);
}
#[test]
fn test_custom_noise_model() {
let noise_model = NoiseModel::new(
0.005, 0.02, 100.0, 150.0, 0.01, );
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::with_noise_model(noise_model.clone());
assert!((suite.noise_model.single_qubit_depolarizing - 0.005).abs() < 1e-10);
assert!((suite.noise_model.two_qubit_depolarizing - 0.02).abs() < 1e-10);
assert!((suite.noise_model.t1_relaxation - 100.0).abs() < 1e-10);
assert!((suite.noise_model.t2_dephasing - 150.0).abs() < 1e-10);
}
#[test]
fn test_noise_analysis_calculations() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
let single_qubit_fidelity = suite.noise_model.single_qubit_fidelity();
assert!(single_qubit_fidelity > 0.95);
assert!(single_qubit_fidelity <= 1.0);
let two_qubit_fidelity = suite.noise_model.two_qubit_fidelity();
assert!(two_qubit_fidelity > 0.90);
assert!(two_qubit_fidelity <= 1.0);
}
#[test]
fn test_edge_case_empty_graph() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
let edges: Vec<(usize, usize)> = vec![];
let result = suite.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(2, edges, 1);
assert!(result.is_ok());
}
#[test]
fn test_edge_case_single_edge() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
let edges = vec![(0, 1)];
let result = suite
.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(2, edges, 1)
.expect("QAOA benchmark for single edge should succeed");
assert!(result.qaoa_results.circuit_depth > 0);
assert!(result.qaoa_results.num_parameters > 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_large_graph_performance() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
let edges = vec![
(0, 1),
(1, 2),
(2, 3),
(3, 4),
(4, 5),
(5, 0),
(0, 3),
(1, 4),
];
let result = suite.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(6, edges, 2);
assert!(result.is_ok());
if let Ok(report) = result {
assert!(report.qaoa_results.circuit_depth > 0);
assert!(report.qaoa_results.num_parameters > 0);
assert!(!report.recommendations.is_empty());
}
}
#[test]
fn test_mitigation_effectiveness() {
let mut suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
suite.auto_mitigation = true;
let edges = vec![(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)];
let result = suite
.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(3, edges, 1)
.expect("QAOA benchmark with mitigation should succeed");
assert!(result.qaoa_results.improvement_factor >= 1.0); assert!(result.qaoa_results.mitigated_expectation != 0.0);
}
#[test]
fn test_high_noise_environment() {
let high_noise = NoiseModel::new(
0.05, 0.10, 20.0, 30.0, 0.05, );
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::with_noise_model(high_noise);
let edges = vec![(0, 1), (1, 2)];
let result = suite
.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(3, edges, 1)
.expect("QAOA benchmark in high noise should succeed");
assert!(result
.recommendations
.iter()
.any(|r| r.to_lowercase().contains("error")
|| r.to_lowercase().contains("mitigation")
|| r.to_lowercase().contains("noise")));
}
#[test]
fn test_comparative_benchmarking() {
let low_noise = NoiseModel::new(0.001, 0.005, 100.0, 150.0, 0.01);
let suite_low = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::with_noise_model(low_noise);
let high_noise = NoiseModel::new(0.01, 0.05, 50.0, 70.0, 0.03);
let suite_high = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::with_noise_model(high_noise);
let edges = vec![(0, 1), (1, 2)];
let result_low = suite_low
.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(3, edges.clone(), 1)
.expect("QAOA benchmark with low noise should succeed");
let result_high = suite_high
.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(3, edges, 1)
.expect("QAOA benchmark with high noise should succeed");
assert!(
result_low.noise_analysis.avg_gate_fidelity
> result_high.noise_analysis.avg_gate_fidelity
);
}
#[test]
fn test_benchmark_report_formatting() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
let edges = vec![(0, 1)];
let result = suite
.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(2, edges, 1)
.expect("QAOA benchmark should succeed");
result.print_detailed_report();
let json = result.to_json();
assert!(json.starts_with('{'));
assert!(json.ends_with('}'));
}
#[test]
fn test_multiple_qaoa_layers() {
let suite = ComprehensiveBenchmarkSuite::new();
let edges = vec![(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0)];
for layers in 1..=3 {
let result = suite
.benchmark_qaoa_comprehensive(4, edges.clone(), layers)
.expect("QAOA benchmark with multiple layers should succeed");
assert!(result.qaoa_results.circuit_depth > 0);
assert!(result.qaoa_results.num_parameters > 0);
assert_eq!(result.qaoa_results.num_parameters, layers * 2);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_noise_model_defaults() {
let default_model = NoiseModel::default();
assert!(default_model.single_qubit_depolarizing < 0.01);
assert!(default_model.two_qubit_depolarizing < 0.02);
assert!(default_model.t1_relaxation > 30.0);
assert!(default_model.t2_dephasing > default_model.t1_relaxation);
assert!(default_model.readout_error < 0.05);
}
}