use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use scirs2_core::random::Random;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use tokio::sync::{RwLock, Semaphore};
use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
use crate::event::StreamEvent;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct QuantumCommConfig {
pub max_entangled_pairs: usize,
pub decoherence_timeout_ms: u64,
pub error_correction_threshold: f64,
pub enable_quantum_teleportation: bool,
pub enable_superdense_coding: bool,
pub quantum_network_topology: NetworkTopology,
pub security_protocols: Vec<QuantumSecurityProtocol>,
pub entanglement_distribution: EntanglementDistribution,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum NetworkTopology {
FullyConnected,
Star,
Ring,
Mesh,
Hierarchical,
AdaptiveHybrid,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum QuantumSecurityProtocol {
BB84,
E91,
SARG04,
COW,
DPS,
ContinuousVariable,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum EntanglementDistribution {
DirectTransmission,
EntanglementSwapping,
QuantumRepeaters,
SatelliteBased,
HybridClassicalQuantum,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Qubit {
pub id: String,
pub state: QuantumState,
pub entanglement_partner: Option<String>,
pub coherence_time_remaining_ms: u64,
pub measurement_history: Vec<MeasurementResult>,
pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
pub last_operation: Option<QuantumOperation>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct QuantumState {
pub alpha: Complex64, pub beta: Complex64, pub phase: f64,
pub purity: f64, pub fidelity: f64, }
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Complex64 {
pub real: f64,
pub imag: f64,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum QuantumOperation {
PauliX,
PauliY,
PauliZ,
Hadamard,
Phase(f64),
Rotation { axis: String, angle: f64 },
CNOT { control: String, target: String },
Measurement { basis: MeasurementBasis },
Teleportation { target_node: String },
ErrorCorrection,
StatePreparation { target_state: QuantumState },
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum MeasurementBasis {
Computational, Diagonal, Circular, Custom { theta: f64, phi: f64 },
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct MeasurementResult {
pub timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
pub basis: MeasurementBasis,
pub outcome: u8, pub confidence: f64,
pub post_measurement_state: Option<QuantumState>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct EntangledPair {
pub pair_id: String,
pub qubit_a: Qubit,
pub qubit_b: Qubit,
pub entanglement_fidelity: f64,
pub creation_time: DateTime<Utc>,
pub last_used: DateTime<Utc>,
pub usage_count: u64,
pub bell_state: BellState,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum BellState {
PhiPlus, PhiMinus, PsiPlus, PsiMinus, }
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct QuantumChannel {
pub channel_id: String,
pub source_node: String,
pub destination_node: String,
pub entangled_pairs: Vec<String>,
pub channel_fidelity: f64,
pub transmission_rate_qubits_per_sec: f64,
pub error_rate: f64,
pub channel_capacity: f64,
pub quantum_protocol: QuantumSecurityProtocol,
pub classical_channel: Option<String>, }
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct QuantumErrorCorrection {
pub code_type: ErrorCorrectionCode,
pub logical_qubits: usize,
pub physical_qubits: usize,
pub threshold_error_rate: f64,
pub correction_rounds: u32,
pub syndrome_measurements: Vec<SyndromeMeasurement>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ErrorCorrectionCode {
SteaneCode, ShorCode, Surface, ColorCode, BCH, LDPC, Stabilizer, }
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SyndromeMeasurement {
pub timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
pub stabilizer_generators: Vec<String>,
pub syndrome_bits: Vec<u8>,
pub detected_errors: Vec<ErrorType>,
pub correction_applied: bool,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum ErrorType {
BitFlip,
PhaseFlip,
Depolarizing,
AmplitudeDamping,
PhaseDamping,
Decoherence,
Crosstalk,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct TeleportationProtocol {
pub protocol_id: String,
pub source_qubit: String,
pub entangled_pair: String,
pub classical_bits: Vec<u8>,
pub destination_node: String,
pub fidelity_achieved: f64,
pub protocol_duration_us: u64,
pub success: bool,
}
pub struct QuantumCommSystem {
config: QuantumCommConfig,
qubits: RwLock<HashMap<String, Qubit>>,
entangled_pairs: RwLock<HashMap<String, EntangledPair>>,
quantum_channels: RwLock<HashMap<String, QuantumChannel>>,
error_correction: RwLock<HashMap<String, QuantumErrorCorrection>>,
teleportation_protocols: RwLock<HashMap<String, TeleportationProtocol>>,
network_topology: RwLock<NetworkTopology>,
quantum_resources: Semaphore,
performance_metrics: RwLock<QuantumMetrics>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct QuantumMetrics {
pub total_qubits_created: u64,
pub total_entanglements: u64,
pub total_teleportations: u64,
pub successful_teleportations: u64,
pub average_fidelity: f64,
pub total_error_corrections: u64,
pub decoherence_events: u64,
pub channel_efficiency: f64,
pub quantum_volume: u64,
}
impl QuantumCommSystem {
pub fn new(config: QuantumCommConfig) -> Self {
let quantum_resources = Semaphore::new(config.max_entangled_pairs);
Self {
config,
qubits: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
entangled_pairs: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
quantum_channels: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
error_correction: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
teleportation_protocols: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
network_topology: RwLock::new(NetworkTopology::AdaptiveHybrid),
quantum_resources,
performance_metrics: RwLock::new(QuantumMetrics::default()),
}
}
pub async fn create_entangled_pair(&self, node_a: &str, node_b: &str) -> Result<String> {
let _permit = self
.quantum_resources
.acquire()
.await
.map_err(|_| anyhow!("Failed to acquire quantum resources"))?;
let pair_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
let timestamp = Utc::now();
let qubit_a = Qubit {
id: format!("{pair_id}_A"),
state: QuantumState {
alpha: Complex64 {
real: 1.0 / 2.0_f64.sqrt(),
imag: 0.0,
},
beta: Complex64 {
real: 1.0 / 2.0_f64.sqrt(),
imag: 0.0,
},
phase: 0.0,
purity: 1.0,
fidelity: 1.0,
},
entanglement_partner: Some(format!("{pair_id}_B")),
coherence_time_remaining_ms: self.config.decoherence_timeout_ms,
measurement_history: Vec::new(),
created_at: timestamp,
last_operation: None,
};
let qubit_b = Qubit {
id: format!("{pair_id}_B"),
state: QuantumState {
alpha: Complex64 {
real: 1.0 / 2.0_f64.sqrt(),
imag: 0.0,
},
beta: Complex64 {
real: 1.0 / 2.0_f64.sqrt(),
imag: 0.0,
},
phase: 0.0,
purity: 1.0,
fidelity: 1.0,
},
entanglement_partner: Some(format!("{pair_id}_A")),
coherence_time_remaining_ms: self.config.decoherence_timeout_ms,
measurement_history: Vec::new(),
created_at: timestamp,
last_operation: None,
};
let entangled_pair = EntangledPair {
pair_id: pair_id.clone(),
qubit_a: qubit_a.clone(),
qubit_b: qubit_b.clone(),
entanglement_fidelity: 1.0,
creation_time: timestamp,
last_used: timestamp,
usage_count: 0,
bell_state: BellState::PhiPlus,
};
self.qubits
.write()
.await
.insert(qubit_a.id.clone(), qubit_a);
self.qubits
.write()
.await
.insert(qubit_b.id.clone(), qubit_b);
self.entangled_pairs
.write()
.await
.insert(pair_id.clone(), entangled_pair);
let mut metrics = self.performance_metrics.write().await;
metrics.total_qubits_created += 2;
metrics.total_entanglements += 1;
info!(
"Created entangled pair {} between {} and {}",
pair_id, node_a, node_b
);
Ok(pair_id)
}
pub async fn quantum_teleport(
&self,
source_qubit_id: &str,
destination_node: &str,
) -> Result<TeleportationProtocol> {
if !self.config.enable_quantum_teleportation {
return Err(anyhow!("Quantum teleportation is disabled"));
}
let start_time = std::time::Instant::now();
let protocol_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
let entangled_pair_id = self.find_available_entangled_pair(destination_node).await?;
let classical_bits = self
.perform_bell_measurement(source_qubit_id, &entangled_pair_id)
.await?;
let fidelity = self.calculate_teleportation_fidelity(&classical_bits).await;
let protocol = TeleportationProtocol {
protocol_id: protocol_id.clone(),
source_qubit: source_qubit_id.to_string(),
entangled_pair: entangled_pair_id,
classical_bits,
destination_node: destination_node.to_string(),
fidelity_achieved: fidelity,
protocol_duration_us: start_time.elapsed().as_micros() as u64,
success: fidelity > 0.8, };
self.teleportation_protocols
.write()
.await
.insert(protocol_id.clone(), protocol.clone());
let mut metrics = self.performance_metrics.write().await;
metrics.total_teleportations += 1;
if protocol.success {
metrics.successful_teleportations += 1;
}
metrics.average_fidelity =
(metrics.average_fidelity * (metrics.total_teleportations - 1) as f64 + fidelity)
/ metrics.total_teleportations as f64;
info!(
"Quantum teleportation {} completed with fidelity {:.3}",
protocol_id, fidelity
);
Ok(protocol)
}
async fn find_available_entangled_pair(&self, destination_node: &str) -> Result<String> {
let pairs = self.entangled_pairs.read().await;
for (pair_id, pair) in pairs.iter() {
let time_elapsed = Utc::now().signed_duration_since(pair.creation_time);
if time_elapsed.num_milliseconds() < self.config.decoherence_timeout_ms as i64 {
if pair.qubit_b.id.contains(destination_node)
|| pair.qubit_a.id.contains(destination_node)
{
return Ok(pair_id.clone());
}
}
}
Err(anyhow!(
"No available entangled pairs for destination: {}",
destination_node
))
}
async fn perform_bell_measurement(
&self,
source_qubit_id: &str,
_entangled_pair_id: &str,
) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
let mut classical_bits = Vec::new();
let qubits = self.qubits.read().await;
let source_qubit = qubits
.get(source_qubit_id)
.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Source qubit not found: {}", source_qubit_id))?;
let prob_00 = source_qubit.state.alpha.real.powi(2) + source_qubit.state.alpha.imag.powi(2);
let mut rng = Random::default();
let random_value = rng.random_f64();
if random_value < prob_00 {
classical_bits.push(0);
classical_bits.push(0);
} else if random_value < prob_00 + 0.25 {
classical_bits.push(0);
classical_bits.push(1);
} else if random_value < prob_00 + 0.5 {
classical_bits.push(1);
classical_bits.push(0);
} else {
classical_bits.push(1);
classical_bits.push(1);
}
debug!("Bell measurement result: {:?}", classical_bits);
Ok(classical_bits)
}
async fn calculate_teleportation_fidelity(&self, classical_bits: &[u8]) -> f64 {
let base_fidelity = 0.95; let error_rate = classical_bits.iter().map(|&b| b as f64).sum::<f64>() * 0.02;
(base_fidelity - error_rate).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
}
pub async fn perform_error_correction(&self, logical_qubit_id: &str) -> Result<()> {
let correction_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
let error_correction = QuantumErrorCorrection {
code_type: ErrorCorrectionCode::SteaneCode,
logical_qubits: 1,
physical_qubits: 7,
threshold_error_rate: 0.01,
correction_rounds: 1,
syndrome_measurements: Vec::new(),
};
let syndrome = self.measure_syndrome(logical_qubit_id).await?;
if !syndrome.detected_errors.is_empty() {
self.apply_quantum_correction(logical_qubit_id, &syndrome.detected_errors)
.await?;
}
self.error_correction
.write()
.await
.insert(correction_id, error_correction);
self.performance_metrics
.write()
.await
.total_error_corrections += 1;
debug!(
"Quantum error correction performed for {}",
logical_qubit_id
);
Ok(())
}
async fn measure_syndrome(&self, _qubit_id: &str) -> Result<SyndromeMeasurement> {
let syndrome = SyndromeMeasurement {
timestamp: Utc::now(),
stabilizer_generators: vec!["X1X2X3".to_string(), "Z1Z2Z3".to_string()],
syndrome_bits: vec![0, 1], detected_errors: vec![ErrorType::BitFlip],
correction_applied: false,
};
Ok(syndrome)
}
async fn apply_quantum_correction(&self, qubit_id: &str, errors: &[ErrorType]) -> Result<()> {
let mut qubits = self.qubits.write().await;
if let Some(qubit) = qubits.get_mut(qubit_id) {
for error in errors {
match error {
ErrorType::BitFlip => {
std::mem::swap(&mut qubit.state.alpha, &mut qubit.state.beta);
qubit.last_operation = Some(QuantumOperation::PauliX);
}
ErrorType::PhaseFlip => {
qubit.state.beta.real = -qubit.state.beta.real;
qubit.state.beta.imag = -qubit.state.beta.imag;
qubit.last_operation = Some(QuantumOperation::PauliZ);
}
_ => {
warn!("Unsupported error type for correction: {:?}", error);
}
}
}
}
debug!("Applied quantum correction for errors: {:?}", errors);
Ok(())
}
pub async fn establish_quantum_channel(
&self,
source: &str,
destination: &str,
) -> Result<String> {
let channel_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
let entangled_pair_id = self.create_entangled_pair(source, destination).await?;
let channel = QuantumChannel {
channel_id: channel_id.clone(),
source_node: source.to_string(),
destination_node: destination.to_string(),
entangled_pairs: vec![entangled_pair_id],
channel_fidelity: 0.95,
transmission_rate_qubits_per_sec: 1000.0,
error_rate: 0.01,
channel_capacity: 1.0, quantum_protocol: QuantumSecurityProtocol::BB84,
classical_channel: Some(format!("classical_{channel_id}")),
};
self.quantum_channels
.write()
.await
.insert(channel_id.clone(), channel);
info!(
"Established quantum channel {} between {} and {}",
channel_id, source, destination
);
Ok(channel_id)
}
pub async fn send_quantum_encrypted_event(
&self,
event: &StreamEvent,
channel_id: &str,
) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
let channels = self.quantum_channels.read().await;
let channel = channels
.get(channel_id)
.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Quantum channel not found: {}", channel_id))?;
let event_data = serde_json::to_vec(event)?;
let encrypted_data = self.bb84_encrypt(&event_data, channel).await?;
debug!(
"Quantum encrypted event {} bytes -> {} bytes",
event_data.len(),
encrypted_data.len()
);
Ok(encrypted_data)
}
async fn bb84_encrypt(&self, data: &[u8], _channel: &QuantumChannel) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
let mut encrypted = Vec::new();
let mut rng = Random::default();
for &byte in data {
let _basis = if rng.random_bool_with_chance(0.5) {
MeasurementBasis::Computational
} else {
MeasurementBasis::Diagonal
};
let key_bit = (rng.random_f64() * 256.0) as u8 & 1;
let encrypted_byte = byte ^ key_bit;
encrypted.push(encrypted_byte);
}
Ok(encrypted)
}
pub async fn get_quantum_metrics(&self) -> QuantumMetrics {
self.performance_metrics.read().await.clone()
}
pub async fn monitor_decoherence(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
let mut decoherent_qubits = Vec::new();
let mut qubits = self.qubits.write().await;
let current_time = Utc::now();
for (qubit_id, qubit) in qubits.iter_mut() {
let elapsed_ms = current_time
.signed_duration_since(qubit.created_at)
.num_milliseconds() as u64;
if elapsed_ms > qubit.coherence_time_remaining_ms {
qubit.state.purity *= 0.5; qubit.state.fidelity *= 0.7; decoherent_qubits.push(qubit_id.clone());
self.performance_metrics.write().await.decoherence_events += 1;
} else {
qubit.coherence_time_remaining_ms =
qubit.coherence_time_remaining_ms.saturating_sub(elapsed_ms);
}
}
if !decoherent_qubits.is_empty() {
warn!("Detected decoherence in {} qubits", decoherent_qubits.len());
}
Ok(decoherent_qubits)
}
pub async fn cleanup_decoherent_resources(&self) -> Result<usize> {
let decoherent_qubits = self.monitor_decoherence().await?;
let mut cleanup_count = 0;
let mut qubits = self.qubits.write().await;
for qubit_id in &decoherent_qubits {
qubits.remove(qubit_id);
cleanup_count += 1;
}
let mut pairs = self.entangled_pairs.write().await;
let mut pairs_to_remove = Vec::new();
for (pair_id, pair) in pairs.iter() {
if decoherent_qubits.contains(&pair.qubit_a.id)
|| decoherent_qubits.contains(&pair.qubit_b.id)
{
pairs_to_remove.push(pair_id.clone());
}
}
for pair_id in pairs_to_remove {
pairs.remove(&pair_id);
cleanup_count += 1;
}
info!("Cleaned up {} decoherent quantum resources", cleanup_count);
Ok(cleanup_count)
}
}
impl Default for QuantumCommConfig {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
max_entangled_pairs: 100,
decoherence_timeout_ms: 10000, error_correction_threshold: 0.01,
enable_quantum_teleportation: true,
enable_superdense_coding: true,
quantum_network_topology: NetworkTopology::AdaptiveHybrid,
security_protocols: vec![QuantumSecurityProtocol::BB84],
entanglement_distribution: EntanglementDistribution::DirectTransmission,
}
}
}
impl Complex64 {
pub fn new(real: f64, imag: f64) -> Self {
Self { real, imag }
}
pub fn magnitude_squared(&self) -> f64 {
self.real * self.real + self.imag * self.imag
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_quantum_comm_system_creation() {
let config = QuantumCommConfig::default();
let system = QuantumCommSystem::new(config);
let metrics = system.get_quantum_metrics().await;
assert_eq!(metrics.total_qubits_created, 0);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_entangled_pair_creation() {
let config = QuantumCommConfig::default();
let system = QuantumCommSystem::new(config);
let pair_id = system
.create_entangled_pair("node_a", "node_b")
.await
.unwrap();
assert!(!pair_id.is_empty());
let metrics = system.get_quantum_metrics().await;
assert_eq!(metrics.total_qubits_created, 2);
assert_eq!(metrics.total_entanglements, 1);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_quantum_channel_establishment() {
let config = QuantumCommConfig::default();
let system = QuantumCommSystem::new(config);
let channel_id = system
.establish_quantum_channel("source", "destination")
.await
.unwrap();
assert!(!channel_id.is_empty());
}
#[test]
fn test_complex_number_operations() {
let c = Complex64::new(3.0, 4.0);
assert_eq!(c.magnitude_squared(), 25.0);
}
#[test]
fn test_quantum_state_normalization() {
let state = QuantumState {
alpha: Complex64::new(1.0 / 2.0_f64.sqrt(), 0.0),
beta: Complex64::new(1.0 / 2.0_f64.sqrt(), 0.0),
phase: 0.0,
purity: 1.0,
fidelity: 1.0,
};
let norm_squared = state.alpha.magnitude_squared() + state.beta.magnitude_squared();
assert!((norm_squared - 1.0).abs() < 1e-10);
}
}