pub struct Dir2(/* private fields */);
Expand description
A normalized vector pointing in a direction in 2D space
Implementations§
Source§impl Dir2
impl Dir2
Sourcepub const SOUTH: Dir2
pub const SOUTH: Dir2
The “south” direction, equivalent to Dir2::NEG_Y
.
Sourcepub const WEST: Dir2
pub const WEST: Dir2
The “west” direction, equivalent to Dir2::NEG_X
.
Sourcepub const NORTH_EAST: Dir2
pub const NORTH_EAST: Dir2
The “north-east” direction, between Dir2::NORTH
and Dir2::EAST
.
Sourcepub const NORTH_WEST: Dir2
pub const NORTH_WEST: Dir2
The “north-west” direction, between Dir2::NORTH
and Dir2::WEST
.
Sourcepub const SOUTH_EAST: Dir2
pub const SOUTH_EAST: Dir2
The “south-east” direction, between Dir2::SOUTH
and Dir2::EAST
.
Sourcepub const SOUTH_WEST: Dir2
pub const SOUTH_WEST: Dir2
The “south-west” direction, between Dir2::SOUTH
and Dir2::WEST
.
Sourcepub fn new(value: Vec2) -> Result<Dir2, InvalidDirectionError>
pub fn new(value: Vec2) -> Result<Dir2, InvalidDirectionError>
Create a direction from a finite, nonzero Vec2
, normalizing it.
Returns Err(InvalidDirectionError)
if the length
of the given vector is zero (or very close to zero), infinite, or NaN
.
Sourcepub fn new_unchecked(value: Vec2) -> Dir2
pub fn new_unchecked(value: Vec2) -> Dir2
Create a Dir2
from a Vec2
that is already normalized.
§Warning
value
must be normalized, i.e its length must be 1.0
.
Examples found in repository?
285fn get_and_draw_ray(gizmos: &mut Gizmos, time: &Time) -> RayCast2d {
286 let ray = Vec2::new(ops::cos(time.elapsed_secs()), ops::sin(time.elapsed_secs()));
287 let dist = 150. + ops::sin(0.5 * time.elapsed_secs()).abs() * 500.;
288
289 let aabb_ray = Ray2d {
290 origin: ray * 250.,
291 direction: Dir2::new_unchecked(-ray),
292 };
293 let ray_cast = RayCast2d::from_ray(aabb_ray, dist - 20.);
294
295 draw_ray(gizmos, &ray_cast);
296 ray_cast
297}
Sourcepub fn new_and_length(value: Vec2) -> Result<(Dir2, f32), InvalidDirectionError>
pub fn new_and_length(value: Vec2) -> Result<(Dir2, f32), InvalidDirectionError>
Create a direction from a finite, nonzero Vec2
, normalizing it and
also returning its original length.
Returns Err(InvalidDirectionError)
if the length
of the given vector is zero (or very close to zero), infinite, or NaN
.
Sourcepub fn from_xy(x: f32, y: f32) -> Result<Dir2, InvalidDirectionError>
pub fn from_xy(x: f32, y: f32) -> Result<Dir2, InvalidDirectionError>
Create a direction from its x
and y
components.
Returns Err(InvalidDirectionError)
if the length
of the vector formed by the components is zero (or very close to zero), infinite, or NaN
.
Examples found in repository?
202fn setup(mut commands: Commands) {
203 commands.spawn(Camera2d);
204
205 commands.spawn((
206 Transform::from_xyz(-OFFSET_X, OFFSET_Y, 0.),
207 Shape::Circle(Circle::new(45.)),
208 DesiredVolume::Aabb,
209 Intersects::default(),
210 ));
211
212 commands.spawn((
213 Transform::from_xyz(0., OFFSET_Y, 0.),
214 Shape::Rectangle(Rectangle::new(80., 80.)),
215 Spin,
216 DesiredVolume::Circle,
217 Intersects::default(),
218 ));
219
220 commands.spawn((
221 Transform::from_xyz(OFFSET_X, OFFSET_Y, 0.),
222 Shape::Triangle(Triangle2d::new(
223 Vec2::new(-40., -40.),
224 Vec2::new(-20., 40.),
225 Vec2::new(40., 50.),
226 )),
227 Spin,
228 DesiredVolume::Aabb,
229 Intersects::default(),
230 ));
231
232 commands.spawn((
233 Transform::from_xyz(-OFFSET_X, -OFFSET_Y, 0.),
234 Shape::Line(Segment2d::from_direction_and_length(
235 Dir2::from_xy(1., 0.3).unwrap(),
236 90.,
237 )),
238 Spin,
239 DesiredVolume::Circle,
240 Intersects::default(),
241 ));
242
243 commands.spawn((
244 Transform::from_xyz(0., -OFFSET_Y, 0.),
245 Shape::Capsule(Capsule2d::new(25., 50.)),
246 Spin,
247 DesiredVolume::Aabb,
248 Intersects::default(),
249 ));
250
251 commands.spawn((
252 Transform::from_xyz(OFFSET_X, -OFFSET_Y, 0.),
253 Shape::Polygon(RegularPolygon::new(50., 6)),
254 Spin,
255 DesiredVolume::Circle,
256 Intersects::default(),
257 ));
258
259 commands.spawn((
260 Text::default(),
261 Node {
262 position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
263 top: Val::Px(12.0),
264 left: Val::Px(12.0),
265 ..default()
266 },
267 ));
268}
Sourcepub fn from_xy_unchecked(x: f32, y: f32) -> Dir2
pub fn from_xy_unchecked(x: f32, y: f32) -> Dir2
Create a direction from its x
and y
components, assuming the resulting vector is normalized.
§Warning
The vector produced from x
and y
must be normalized, i.e its length must be 1.0
.
Sourcepub fn slerp(self, rhs: Dir2, s: f32) -> Dir2
pub fn slerp(self, rhs: Dir2, s: f32) -> Dir2
Performs a spherical linear interpolation between self
and rhs
based on the value s
.
This corresponds to interpolating between the two directions at a constant angular velocity.
When s == 0.0
, the result will be equal to self
.
When s == 1.0
, the result will be equal to rhs
.
§Example
let dir1 = Dir2::X;
let dir2 = Dir2::Y;
let result1 = dir1.slerp(dir2, 1.0 / 3.0);
#[cfg(feature = "approx")]
assert_relative_eq!(result1, Dir2::from_xy(0.75_f32.sqrt(), 0.5).unwrap());
let result2 = dir1.slerp(dir2, 0.5);
#[cfg(feature = "approx")]
assert_relative_eq!(result2, Dir2::from_xy(0.5_f32.sqrt(), 0.5_f32.sqrt()).unwrap());
Sourcepub fn rotation_to(self, other: Dir2) -> Rot2
pub fn rotation_to(self, other: Dir2) -> Rot2
Get the rotation that rotates this direction to other
.
Sourcepub fn rotation_from(self, other: Dir2) -> Rot2
pub fn rotation_from(self, other: Dir2) -> Rot2
Get the rotation that rotates other
to this direction.
Sourcepub fn rotation_from_x(self) -> Rot2
pub fn rotation_from_x(self) -> Rot2
Get the rotation that rotates the X-axis to this direction.
Sourcepub fn rotation_to_x(self) -> Rot2
pub fn rotation_to_x(self) -> Rot2
Get the rotation that rotates this direction to the X-axis.
Sourcepub fn rotation_from_y(self) -> Rot2
pub fn rotation_from_y(self) -> Rot2
Get the rotation that rotates the Y-axis to this direction.
Sourcepub fn rotation_to_y(self) -> Rot2
pub fn rotation_to_y(self) -> Rot2
Get the rotation that rotates this direction to the Y-axis.
Sourcepub fn fast_renormalize(self) -> Dir2
pub fn fast_renormalize(self) -> Dir2
Returns self
after an approximate normalization, assuming the value is already nearly normalized.
Useful for preventing numerical error accumulation.
See Dir3::fast_renormalize
for an example of when such error accumulation might occur.
Methods from Deref<Target = Vec2>§
pub const ZERO: Vec2
pub const ONE: Vec2
pub const NEG_ONE: Vec2
pub const MIN: Vec2
pub const MAX: Vec2
pub const NAN: Vec2
pub const INFINITY: Vec2
pub const NEG_INFINITY: Vec2
pub const X: Vec2
pub const Y: Vec2
pub const NEG_X: Vec2
pub const NEG_Y: Vec2
pub const AXES: [Vec2; 2]
Sourcepub fn move_towards(&self, rhs: Vec2, d: f32) -> Vec2
pub fn move_towards(&self, rhs: Vec2, d: f32) -> Vec2
Moves towards rhs
based on the value d
.
When d
is 0.0
, the result will be equal to self
. When d
is equal to
self.distance(rhs)
, the result will be equal to rhs
. Will not go past rhs
.
Sourcepub fn rotate_towards(&self, rhs: Vec2, max_angle: f32) -> Vec2
pub fn rotate_towards(&self, rhs: Vec2, max_angle: f32) -> Vec2
Rotates towards rhs
up to max_angle
(in radians).
When max_angle
is 0.0
, the result will be equal to self
. When max_angle
is equal to
self.angle_between(rhs)
, the result will be equal to rhs
. If max_angle
is negative,
rotates towards the exact opposite of rhs
. Will not go past the target.
Sourcepub fn as_i16vec2(&self) -> I16Vec2
pub fn as_i16vec2(&self) -> I16Vec2
Casts all elements of self
to i16
.
Sourcepub fn as_u16vec2(&self) -> U16Vec2
pub fn as_u16vec2(&self) -> U16Vec2
Casts all elements of self
to u16
.
Sourcepub fn as_uvec2(&self) -> UVec2
pub fn as_uvec2(&self) -> UVec2
Casts all elements of self
to u32
.
Examples found in repository?
141fn setup(
142 mut commands: Commands,
143 mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
144 mut materials: ResMut<Assets<ColorMaterial>>,
145 window: Single<&Window>,
146) {
147 let window_size = window.resolution.physical_size().as_vec2();
148
149 // Initialize centered, non-window-filling viewport
150 commands.spawn((
151 Camera2d,
152 Camera {
153 viewport: Some(Viewport {
154 physical_position: (window_size * 0.125).as_uvec2(),
155 physical_size: (window_size * 0.75).as_uvec2(),
156 ..default()
157 }),
158 ..default()
159 },
160 ));
161
162 // Create a minimal UI explaining how to interact with the example
163 commands.spawn((
164 Text::new(
165 "Move the mouse to see the circle follow your cursor.\n\
166 Use the arrow keys to move the camera.\n\
167 Use the comma and period keys to zoom in and out.\n\
168 Use the WASD keys to move the viewport.\n\
169 Use the IJKL keys to resize the viewport.",
170 ),
171 Node {
172 position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
173 top: Val::Px(12.0),
174 left: Val::Px(12.0),
175 ..default()
176 },
177 ));
178
179 // Add mesh to make camera movement visible
180 commands.spawn((
181 Mesh2d(meshes.add(Rectangle::new(40.0, 20.0))),
182 MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Color::from(GREEN))),
183 ));
184
185 // Add background to visualize viewport bounds
186 commands.spawn((
187 Mesh2d(meshes.add(Rectangle::new(50000.0, 50000.0))),
188 MeshMaterial2d(materials.add(Color::linear_rgb(0.01, 0.01, 0.01))),
189 Transform::from_translation(Vec3::new(0.0, 0.0, -200.0)),
190 ));
191}
Sourcepub fn as_i64vec2(&self) -> I64Vec2
pub fn as_i64vec2(&self) -> I64Vec2
Casts all elements of self
to i64
.
Sourcepub fn as_u64vec2(&self) -> U64Vec2
pub fn as_u64vec2(&self) -> U64Vec2
Casts all elements of self
to u64
.
Trait Implementations§
Source§impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Dir2
impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Dir2
Source§fn deserialize<__D>(
__deserializer: __D,
) -> Result<Dir2, <__D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>where
__D: Deserializer<'de>,
fn deserialize<__D>(
__deserializer: __D,
) -> Result<Dir2, <__D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>where
__D: Deserializer<'de>,
Source§impl Ease for Dir2
impl Ease for Dir2
Source§impl From<CompassOctant> for Dir2
impl From<CompassOctant> for Dir2
Source§fn from(o: CompassOctant) -> Dir2
fn from(o: CompassOctant) -> Dir2
Source§impl From<CompassQuadrant> for Dir2
impl From<CompassQuadrant> for Dir2
Source§fn from(q: CompassQuadrant) -> Dir2
fn from(q: CompassQuadrant) -> Dir2
Source§impl From<Dir2> for CompassOctant
impl From<Dir2> for CompassOctant
Source§fn from(dir: Dir2) -> CompassOctant
fn from(dir: Dir2) -> CompassOctant
Converts a Dir2
to a CompassOctant
in a lossy manner.
Converting back to a Dir2
is not guaranteed to yield the same value.
Source§impl From<Dir2> for CompassQuadrant
impl From<Dir2> for CompassQuadrant
Source§fn from(dir: Dir2) -> CompassQuadrant
fn from(dir: Dir2) -> CompassQuadrant
Converts a Dir2
to a CompassQuadrant
in a lossy manner.
Converting back to a Dir2
is not guaranteed to yield the same value.
Source§impl FromReflect for Dir2
impl FromReflect for Dir2
Source§fn from_reflect(reflect: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)) -> Option<Dir2>
fn from_reflect(reflect: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)) -> Option<Dir2>
Self
from a reflected value.Source§fn take_from_reflect(
reflect: Box<dyn PartialReflect>,
) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn PartialReflect>>
fn take_from_reflect( reflect: Box<dyn PartialReflect>, ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn PartialReflect>>
Self
using,
constructing the value using from_reflect
if that fails. Read moreSource§impl GetOwnership for &Dir2
impl GetOwnership for &Dir2
Source§impl GetOwnership for &mut Dir2
impl GetOwnership for &mut Dir2
Source§impl GetOwnership for Dir2
impl GetOwnership for Dir2
Source§impl GetTypeRegistration for Dir2
impl GetTypeRegistration for Dir2
Source§fn get_type_registration() -> TypeRegistration
fn get_type_registration() -> TypeRegistration
TypeRegistration
for this type.Source§fn register_type_dependencies(registry: &mut TypeRegistry)
fn register_type_dependencies(registry: &mut TypeRegistry)
Source§impl<Config, Clear> GizmoPrimitive2d<Dir2> for GizmoBuffer<Config, Clear>
impl<Config, Clear> GizmoPrimitive2d<Dir2> for GizmoBuffer<Config, Clear>
Source§type Output<'a> = ()
where
GizmoBuffer<Config, Clear>: 'a
type Output<'a> = () where GizmoBuffer<Config, Clear>: 'a
primitive_2d
. This is a builder to set non-default values.Source§fn primitive_2d(
&mut self,
primitive: &Dir2,
isometry: impl Into<Isometry2d>,
color: impl Into<Color>,
) -> <GizmoBuffer<Config, Clear> as GizmoPrimitive2d<Dir2>>::Output<'_>
fn primitive_2d( &mut self, primitive: &Dir2, isometry: impl Into<Isometry2d>, color: impl Into<Color>, ) -> <GizmoBuffer<Config, Clear> as GizmoPrimitive2d<Dir2>>::Output<'_>
Source§impl IntoReturn for &Dir2
impl IntoReturn for &Dir2
Source§impl IntoReturn for &mut Dir2
impl IntoReturn for &mut Dir2
Source§impl IntoReturn for Dir2
impl IntoReturn for Dir2
Source§impl Mul<Dir2> for Isometry2d
impl Mul<Dir2> for Isometry2d
Source§impl PartialReflect for Dir2
impl PartialReflect for Dir2
Source§fn get_represented_type_info(&self) -> Option<&'static TypeInfo>
fn get_represented_type_info(&self) -> Option<&'static TypeInfo>
Source§fn try_apply(
&mut self,
value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static),
) -> Result<(), ApplyError>
fn try_apply( &mut self, value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static), ) -> Result<(), ApplyError>
Source§fn reflect_kind(&self) -> ReflectKind
fn reflect_kind(&self) -> ReflectKind
Source§fn reflect_ref(&self) -> ReflectRef<'_>
fn reflect_ref(&self) -> ReflectRef<'_>
Source§fn reflect_mut(&mut self) -> ReflectMut<'_>
fn reflect_mut(&mut self) -> ReflectMut<'_>
Source§fn reflect_owned(self: Box<Dir2>) -> ReflectOwned
fn reflect_owned(self: Box<Dir2>) -> ReflectOwned
Source§fn try_into_reflect(
self: Box<Dir2>,
) -> Result<Box<dyn Reflect>, Box<dyn PartialReflect>>
fn try_into_reflect( self: Box<Dir2>, ) -> Result<Box<dyn Reflect>, Box<dyn PartialReflect>>
Source§fn try_as_reflect(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Reflect + 'static)>
fn try_as_reflect(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Reflect + 'static)>
Source§fn try_as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)>
fn try_as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)>
Source§fn into_partial_reflect(self: Box<Dir2>) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>
fn into_partial_reflect(self: Box<Dir2>) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>
Source§fn as_partial_reflect(&self) -> &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)
fn as_partial_reflect(&self) -> &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)
Source§fn as_partial_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn PartialReflect + 'static)
fn as_partial_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn PartialReflect + 'static)
Source§fn reflect_partial_eq(
&self,
value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static),
) -> Option<bool>
fn reflect_partial_eq( &self, value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static), ) -> Option<bool>
Source§fn debug(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
fn debug(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
Source§fn reflect_clone(&self) -> Result<Box<dyn Reflect>, ReflectCloneError>
fn reflect_clone(&self) -> Result<Box<dyn Reflect>, ReflectCloneError>
Self
using reflection. Read moreSource§fn apply(&mut self, value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static))
fn apply(&mut self, value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static))
Source§fn clone_value(&self) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>
fn clone_value(&self) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>
reflect_clone
. To convert reflected values to dynamic ones, use to_dynamic
.Self
into its dynamic representation. Read moreSource§fn to_dynamic(&self) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>
fn to_dynamic(&self) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>
Source§fn reflect_hash(&self) -> Option<u64>
fn reflect_hash(&self) -> Option<u64>
Source§fn is_dynamic(&self) -> bool
fn is_dynamic(&self) -> bool
Source§impl Reflect for Dir2
impl Reflect for Dir2
Source§fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)
fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)
&mut dyn Any
. Read moreSource§fn into_reflect(self: Box<Dir2>) -> Box<dyn Reflect>
fn into_reflect(self: Box<Dir2>) -> Box<dyn Reflect>
Source§fn as_reflect(&self) -> &(dyn Reflect + 'static)
fn as_reflect(&self) -> &(dyn Reflect + 'static)
Source§fn as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)
fn as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Reflect + 'static)
Source§impl Serialize for Dir2
impl Serialize for Dir2
Source§fn serialize<__S>(
&self,
__serializer: __S,
) -> Result<<__S as Serializer>::Ok, <__S as Serializer>::Error>where
__S: Serializer,
fn serialize<__S>(
&self,
__serializer: __S,
) -> Result<<__S as Serializer>::Ok, <__S as Serializer>::Error>where
__S: Serializer,
Source§impl StableInterpolate for Dir2
impl StableInterpolate for Dir2
Source§fn interpolate_stable(&self, other: &Dir2, t: f32) -> Dir2
fn interpolate_stable(&self, other: &Dir2, t: f32) -> Dir2
other
given value using the parameter t
. At
t = 0.0
, a value equivalent to self
is recovered, while t = 1.0
recovers a value
equivalent to other
, with intermediate values interpolating between the two.
See the trait-level documentation for details.Source§fn interpolate_stable_assign(&mut self, other: &Self, t: f32)
fn interpolate_stable_assign(&mut self, other: &Self, t: f32)
interpolate_stable
that assigns the result to self
for convenience.Source§fn smooth_nudge(&mut self, target: &Self, decay_rate: f32, delta: f32)
fn smooth_nudge(&mut self, target: &Self, decay_rate: f32, delta: f32)
target
at a given decay rate. The decay_rate
parameter controls how fast the distance between self
and target
decays relative to
the units of delta
; the intended usage is for decay_rate
to generally remain fixed,
while delta
is something like delta_time
from an updating system. This produces a
smooth following of the target that is independent of framerate. Read moreSource§impl TupleStruct for Dir2
impl TupleStruct for Dir2
Source§fn field(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)>
fn field(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&(dyn PartialReflect + 'static)>
index
as a
&dyn Reflect
.Source§fn field_mut(
&mut self,
index: usize,
) -> Option<&mut (dyn PartialReflect + 'static)>
fn field_mut( &mut self, index: usize, ) -> Option<&mut (dyn PartialReflect + 'static)>
index
as a &mut dyn Reflect
.Source§fn iter_fields(&self) -> TupleStructFieldIter<'_> ⓘ
fn iter_fields(&self) -> TupleStructFieldIter<'_> ⓘ
Source§fn to_dynamic_tuple_struct(&self) -> DynamicTupleStruct
fn to_dynamic_tuple_struct(&self) -> DynamicTupleStruct
DynamicTupleStruct
from this tuple struct.Source§fn clone_dynamic(&self) -> DynamicTupleStruct
fn clone_dynamic(&self) -> DynamicTupleStruct
to_dynamic_tuple_struct
insteadDynamicTupleStruct
.Source§fn get_represented_tuple_struct_info(&self) -> Option<&'static TupleStructInfo>
fn get_represented_tuple_struct_info(&self) -> Option<&'static TupleStructInfo>
None
if TypeInfo
is not available.Source§impl TypePath for Dir2
impl TypePath for Dir2
Source§fn type_path() -> &'static str
fn type_path() -> &'static str
Source§fn short_type_path() -> &'static str
fn short_type_path() -> &'static str
Source§fn type_ident() -> Option<&'static str>
fn type_ident() -> Option<&'static str>
Source§fn crate_name() -> Option<&'static str>
fn crate_name() -> Option<&'static str>
impl Copy for Dir2
impl Primitive2d for Dir2
impl StructuralPartialEq for Dir2
Auto Trait Implementations§
impl Freeze for Dir2
impl RefUnwindSafe for Dir2
impl Send for Dir2
impl Sync for Dir2
impl Unpin for Dir2
impl UnwindSafe for Dir2
Blanket Implementations§
Source§impl<T, U> AsBindGroupShaderType<U> for T
impl<T, U> AsBindGroupShaderType<U> for T
Source§fn as_bind_group_shader_type(&self, _images: &RenderAssets<GpuImage>) -> U
fn as_bind_group_shader_type(&self, _images: &RenderAssets<GpuImage>) -> U
T
ShaderType
for self
. When used in AsBindGroup
derives, it is safe to assume that all images in self
exist.Source§impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere
T: ?Sized,
impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere
T: ?Sized,
Source§fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
Source§impl<T> CloneToUninit for Twhere
T: Clone,
impl<T> CloneToUninit for Twhere
T: Clone,
Source§impl<T> Downcast for Twhere
T: Any,
impl<T> Downcast for Twhere
T: Any,
Source§fn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>
fn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>
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(where Trait: Downcast
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downcast
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