Struct ratatui::widgets::Paragraph

pub struct Paragraph<'a> { /* private fields */ }

A widget to display some text.

Example

use ratatui::{prelude::*, widgets::*};

let text = vec![
    Line::from(vec![
        Span::raw("First"),
        Span::styled("line", Style::new().green().italic()),
        ".".into(),
    ]),
    Line::from("Second line".red()),
    "Third line".into(),
];
Paragraph::new(text)
    .block(Block::new().title("Paragraph").borders(Borders::ALL))
    .style(Style::new().white().on_black())
    .alignment(Alignment::Center)
    .wrap(Wrap { trim: true });

Implementations

impl<'a> Paragraph<'a>

pub fn new<T>(text: T) -> Self

where T: Into<Text<'a>>,

Creates a new Paragraph widget with the given text.

The text parameter can be a Text or any type that can be converted into a Text. By default, the text is styled with Style::default(), not wrapped, and aligned to the left.

Examples

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello, world!");
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(String::from("Hello, world!"));
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(Text::raw("Hello, world!"));
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(Text::styled("Hello, world!", Style::default()));
let paragraph = Paragraph::new(Line::from(vec!["Hello, ".into(), "world!".red()]));

Examples found in repository

examples/hello_world.rs (line 80)

fn render_app(frame: &mut Frame) {
    let greeting = Paragraph::new("Hello World! (press 'q' to quit)");
    frame.render_widget(greeting, frame.size());
}

examples/tabs.rs (line 183)

    fn render_tab0(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        Paragraph::new("Hello, World!")
            .block(self.block())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_tab1(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        Paragraph::new("Welcome to the Ratatui tabs example!")
            .block(self.block())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_tab2(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        Paragraph::new("Look! I'm different than others!")
            .block(self.block())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_tab3(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        Paragraph::new("I know, these are some basic changes. But I think you got the main idea.")
            .block(self.block())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

examples/gauge.rs (line 144)

fn render_header(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    Paragraph::new("Ratatui Gauge Example")
        .bold()
        .alignment(Alignment::Center)
        .fg(CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR)
        .render(area, buf);
}

fn render_footer(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    Paragraph::new("Press ENTER to start")
        .alignment(Alignment::Center)
        .fg(CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR)
        .bold()
        .render(area, buf);
}

examples/block.rs (line 138)

fn render_title(frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    frame.render_widget(
        Paragraph::new("Block example. Press q to quit")
            .dark_gray()
            .alignment(Alignment::Center),
        area,
    );
}

fn placeholder_paragraph() -> Paragraph<'static> {
    let text = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.";
    Paragraph::new(text.dark_gray()).wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
}

examples/ratatui-logo.rs (line 64)

fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    let mut terminal = init()?;
    terminal.draw(|frame| {
        frame.render_widget(Paragraph::new(logo()), frame.size());
    })?;
    sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
    restore()?;
    println!();
    Ok(())
}

examples/constraint-explorer.rs (line 290)

    fn instructions() -> impl Widget {
        let text = "◄ ►: select, ▲ ▼: edit, 1-6: swap, a: add, x: delete, q: quit, + -: spacing";
        Paragraph::new(text)
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .centered()
            .wrap(Wrap { trim: false })
    }

    fn swap_legend() -> impl Widget {
        #[allow(unstable_name_collisions)]
        Paragraph::new(
            Line::from(
                [
                    ConstraintName::Min,
                    ConstraintName::Max,
                    ConstraintName::Length,
                    ConstraintName::Percentage,
                    ConstraintName::Ratio,
                    ConstraintName::Fill,
                ]
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .map(|(i, name)| {
                    format!("  {i}: {name}  ", i = i + 1)
                        .fg(SLATE.c200)
                        .bg(name.color())
                })
                .intersperse(Span::from(" "))
                .collect_vec(),
            )
            .centered(),
        )
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: false })
    }

    /// A bar like `<----- 80 px (gap: 2 px) ----->`
    ///
    /// Only shows the gap when spacing is not zero
    fn axis(&self, width: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let label = if self.spacing != 0 {
            format!("{} px (gap: {} px)", width, self.spacing)
        } else {
            format!("{width} px")
        };
        let bar_width = width.saturating_sub(2) as usize; // we want to `<` and `>` at the ends
        let width_bar = format!("<{label:-^bar_width$}>");
        Paragraph::new(width_bar).fg(Self::AXIS_COLOR).centered()
    }

    fn render_layout_blocks(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let [user_constraints, area] = Layout::vertical([Length(3), Fill(1)])
            .spacing(1)
            .areas(area);

        self.render_user_constraints_legend(user_constraints, buf);

        let [start, center, end, space_around, space_between] =
            Layout::vertical([Length(7); 5]).areas(area);

        self.render_layout_block(Flex::Start, start, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::Center, center, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::End, end, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::SpaceAround, space_around, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::SpaceBetween, space_between, buf);
    }

    fn render_user_constraints_legend(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let blocks = Layout::horizontal(
            self.constraints
                .iter()
                .map(|_| Constraint::Fill(1))
                .collect_vec(),
        )
        .split(area);

        for (i, (area, constraint)) in blocks.iter().zip(self.constraints.iter()).enumerate() {
            let selected = self.selected_index == i;
            ConstraintBlock::new(*constraint, selected, true).render(*area, buf);
        }
    }

    fn render_layout_block(&self, flex: Flex, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let [label_area, axis_area, blocks_area] =
            Layout::vertical([Length(1), Max(1), Length(4)]).areas(area);

        if label_area.height > 0 {
            format!("Flex::{flex:?}").bold().render(label_area, buf);
        }

        self.axis(area.width).render(axis_area, buf);

        let (blocks, spacers) = Layout::horizontal(&self.constraints)
            .flex(flex)
            .spacing(self.spacing)
            .split_with_spacers(blocks_area);

        for (i, (area, constraint)) in blocks.iter().zip(self.constraints.iter()).enumerate() {
            let selected = self.selected_index == i;
            ConstraintBlock::new(*constraint, selected, false).render(*area, buf);
        }

        for area in spacers.iter() {
            SpacerBlock.render(*area, buf);
        }
    }
}

impl Widget for ConstraintBlock {
    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        match area.height {
            1 => self.render_1px(area, buf),
            2 => self.render_2px(area, buf),
            _ => self.render_4px(area, buf),
        }
    }
}

impl ConstraintBlock {
    const TEXT_COLOR: Color = SLATE.c200;

    const fn new(constraint: Constraint, selected: bool, legend: bool) -> Self {
        Self {
            constraint,
            legend,
            selected,
        }
    }

    fn label(&self, width: u16) -> String {
        let long_width = format!("{width} px");
        let short_width = format!("{width}");
        // border takes up 2 columns
        let available_space = width.saturating_sub(2) as usize;
        let width_label = if long_width.len() < available_space {
            long_width
        } else if short_width.len() < available_space {
            short_width
        } else {
            String::new()
        };
        format!("{}\n{}", self.constraint, width_label)
    }

    fn render_1px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        Block::default()
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(selected_color)
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_2px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(selected_color).reversed())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_4px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let color = if self.legend {
            selected_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let label = self.label(area.width);
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(color).reversed())
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color);
        Paragraph::new(label)
            .centered()
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color)
            .block(block)
            .render(area, buf);

        if !self.legend {
            let border_color = if self.selected {
                lighter_color
            } else {
                main_color
            };
            if let Some(last_row) = area.rows().last() {
                buf.set_style(last_row, border_color);
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Widget for SpacerBlock {
    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        match area.height {
            1 => (),
            2 => Self::render_2px(area, buf),
            3 => Self::render_3px(area, buf),
            _ => Self::render_4px(area, buf),
        }
    }
}

impl SpacerBlock {
    const TEXT_COLOR: Color = SLATE.c500;
    const BORDER_COLOR: Color = SLATE.c600;

    /// A block with a corner borders
    fn block() -> impl Widget {
        let corners_only = symbols::border::Set {
            top_left: line::NORMAL.top_left,
            top_right: line::NORMAL.top_right,
            bottom_left: line::NORMAL.bottom_left,
            bottom_right: line::NORMAL.bottom_right,
            vertical_left: " ",
            vertical_right: " ",
            horizontal_top: " ",
            horizontal_bottom: " ",
        };
        Block::bordered()
            .border_set(corners_only)
            .border_style(Self::BORDER_COLOR)
    }

    /// A vertical line used if there is not enough space to render the block
    fn line() -> impl Widget {
        Paragraph::new(Text::from(vec![
            Line::from(""),
            Line::from("│"),
            Line::from("│"),
            Line::from(""),
        ]))
        .style(Self::BORDER_COLOR)
    }

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/demo2/tabs/recipe.rs
• examples/table.rs
• examples/flex.rs
• examples/custom_widget.rs
• examples/barchart.rs
• examples/popup.rs
• examples/demo2/tabs/about.rs
• examples/panic.rs
• examples/demo2/tabs/email.rs
• examples/demo/ui.rs
• examples/list.rs
• examples/inline.rs
• examples/paragraph.rs
• examples/user_input.rs
• examples/layout.rs
• examples/scrollbar.rs

pub fn block(self, block: Block<'a>) -> Self

Surrounds the Paragraph widget with a Block.

Example

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello, world!")
    .block(Block::default().title("Paragraph").borders(Borders::ALL));

Examples found in repository

examples/tabs.rs (line 184)

    fn render_tab0(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        Paragraph::new("Hello, World!")
            .block(self.block())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_tab1(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        Paragraph::new("Welcome to the Ratatui tabs example!")
            .block(self.block())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_tab2(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        Paragraph::new("Look! I'm different than others!")
            .block(self.block())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_tab3(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        Paragraph::new("I know, these are some basic changes. But I think you got the main idea.")
            .block(self.block())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

examples/block.rs (line 154)

fn render_borders(paragraph: &Paragraph, border: Borders, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::new()
        .borders(border)
        .title(format!("Borders::{border:#?}"));
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

fn render_border_type(
    paragraph: &Paragraph,
    border_type: BorderType,
    frame: &mut Frame,
    area: Rect,
) {
    let block = Block::new()
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .border_type(border_type)
        .title(format!("BorderType::{border_type:#?}"));
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}
fn render_styled_borders(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::new()
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .border_style(Style::new().blue().on_white().bold().italic())
        .title("Styled borders");
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

fn render_styled_block(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::new()
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .style(Style::new().blue().on_white().bold().italic())
        .title("Styled block");
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

// Note: this currently renders incorrectly, see https://github.com/ratatui-org/ratatui/issues/349
fn render_styled_title(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::new()
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .title("Styled title")
        .title_style(Style::new().blue().on_white().bold().italic());
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

fn render_styled_title_content(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let title = Line::from(vec![
        "Styled ".blue().on_white().bold().italic(),
        "title content".red().on_white().bold().italic(),
    ]);
    let block = Block::new().borders(Borders::ALL).title(title);
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

fn render_multiple_titles(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::new()
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .title("Multiple".blue().on_white().bold().italic())
        .title("Titles".red().on_white().bold().italic());
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

fn render_multiple_title_positions(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::new()
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .title(
            Title::from("top left")
                .position(Position::Top)
                .alignment(Alignment::Left),
        )
        .title(
            Title::from("top center")
                .position(Position::Top)
                .alignment(Alignment::Center),
        )
        .title(
            Title::from("top right")
                .position(Position::Top)
                .alignment(Alignment::Right),
        )
        .title(
            Title::from("bottom left")
                .position(Position::Bottom)
                .alignment(Alignment::Left),
        )
        .title(
            Title::from("bottom center")
                .position(Position::Bottom)
                .alignment(Alignment::Center),
        )
        .title(
            Title::from("bottom right")
                .position(Position::Bottom)
                .alignment(Alignment::Right),
        );
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

fn render_padding(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let block = Block::new()
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .title("Padding")
        .padding(Padding::new(5, 10, 1, 2));
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(block), area);
}

fn render_nested_blocks(paragraph: &Paragraph, frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let outer_block = Block::new().borders(Borders::ALL).title("Outer block");
    let inner_block = Block::new().borders(Borders::ALL).title("Inner block");
    let inner = outer_block.inner(area);
    frame.render_widget(outer_block, area);
    frame.render_widget(paragraph.clone().block(inner_block), inner);
}

examples/demo2/tabs/recipe.rs (line 146)

fn render_recipe(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let lines = RECIPE
        .iter()
        .map(|(step, text)| Line::from(vec![step.white().bold(), text.gray()]))
        .collect_vec();
    Paragraph::new(lines)
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
        .block(Block::new().padding(Padding::new(0, 1, 0, 0)))
        .render(area, buf);
}

examples/table.rs (lines 333-338)

fn render_footer(f: &mut Frame, app: &App, area: Rect) {
    let info_footer = Paragraph::new(Line::from(INFO_TEXT))
        .style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.row_fg).bg(app.colors.buffer_bg))
        .centered()
        .block(
            Block::default()
                .borders(Borders::ALL)
                .border_style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.footer_border_color))
                .border_type(BorderType::Double),
        );
    f.render_widget(info_footer, area);
}

examples/flex.rs (line 507)

    fn illustration(constraint: Constraint, width: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let main_color = color_for_constraint(constraint);
        let fg_color = Color::White;
        let title = format!("{constraint}");
        let content = format!("{width} px");
        let text = format!("{title}\n{content}");
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed())
            .style(Style::default().fg(fg_color).bg(main_color));
        Paragraph::new(text).centered().block(block)
    }

examples/barchart.rs (line 298)

fn draw_legend(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let text = vec![
        Line::from(Span::styled(
            TOTAL_REVENUE,
            Style::default()
                .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)
                .fg(Color::White),
        )),
        Line::from(Span::styled(
            "- Company A",
            Style::default().fg(Color::Green),
        )),
        Line::from(Span::styled(
            "- Company B",
            Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow),
        )),
        Line::from(vec![Span::styled(
            "- Company C",
            Style::default().fg(Color::White),
        )]),
    ];

    let block = Block::default()
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::White));
    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text).block(block);
    f.render_widget(paragraph, area);
}

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/demo2/tabs/about.rs
• examples/panic.rs
• examples/constraint-explorer.rs
• examples/demo/ui.rs
• examples/list.rs
• examples/paragraph.rs
• examples/user_input.rs
• examples/scrollbar.rs

pub fn style<S: Into<Style>>(self, style: S) -> Self

Sets the style of the entire widget.

style accepts any type that is convertible to Style (e.g. Style, Color, or your own type that implements Into<Style>).

This applies to the entire widget, including the block if one is present. Any style set on the block or text will be added to this style.

Example

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello, world!").style(Style::new().red().on_white());

Examples found in repository

examples/constraint-explorer.rs (line 538)

    fn line() -> impl Widget {
        Paragraph::new(Text::from(vec![
            Line::from(""),
            Line::from("│"),
            Line::from("│"),
            Line::from(""),
        ]))
        .style(Self::BORDER_COLOR)
    }

examples/table.rs (line 331)

fn render_footer(f: &mut Frame, app: &App, area: Rect) {
    let info_footer = Paragraph::new(Line::from(INFO_TEXT))
        .style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.row_fg).bg(app.colors.buffer_bg))
        .centered()
        .block(
            Block::default()
                .borders(Borders::ALL)
                .border_style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.footer_border_color))
                .border_type(BorderType::Double),
        );
    f.render_widget(info_footer, area);
}

examples/demo2/tabs/about.rs (line 86)

fn render_crate_description(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let area = area.inner(
        &(Margin {
            vertical: 4,
            horizontal: 2,
        }),
    );
    Clear.render(area, buf); // clear out the color swatches
    Block::new().style(THEME.content).render(area, buf);
    let area = area.inner(
        &(Margin {
            vertical: 1,
            horizontal: 2,
        }),
    );
    let text = "- cooking up terminal user interfaces -

    Ratatui is a Rust crate that provides widgets (e.g. Paragraph, Table) and draws them to the \
    screen efficiently every frame.";
    Paragraph::new(text)
        .style(THEME.description)
        .block(
            Block::new()
                .title(" Ratatui ")
                .title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
                .borders(Borders::TOP)
                .border_style(THEME.description_title)
                .padding(Padding::new(0, 0, 0, 0)),
        )
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
        .scroll((0, 0))
        .render(area, buf);
}

examples/demo2/tabs/email.rs (line 143)

fn render_email(selected_index: usize, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let theme = THEME.email;
    let email = EMAILS.get(selected_index);
    let block = Block::new()
        .style(theme.body)
        .padding(Padding::new(2, 2, 0, 0))
        .borders(Borders::TOP)
        .border_type(BorderType::Thick);
    let inner = block.inner(area);
    block.render(area, buf);
    if let Some(email) = email {
        let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(3), Constraint::Min(0)]);
        let [headers_area, body_area] = vertical.areas(inner);
        let headers = vec![
            Line::from(vec![
                "From: ".set_style(theme.header),
                email.from.set_style(theme.header_value),
            ]),
            Line::from(vec![
                "Subject: ".set_style(theme.header),
                email.subject.set_style(theme.header_value),
            ]),
            "-".repeat(inner.width as usize).dim().into(),
        ];
        Paragraph::new(headers)
            .style(theme.body)
            .render(headers_area, buf);
        let body = email.body.lines().map(Line::from).collect_vec();
        Paragraph::new(body)
            .style(theme.body)
            .render(body_area, buf);
    } else {
        Paragraph::new("No email selected").render(inner, buf);
    }
}

examples/flex.rs (line 475)

    fn render_spacer(spacer: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        if spacer.width > 1 {
            let corners_only = symbols::border::Set {
                top_left: line::NORMAL.top_left,
                top_right: line::NORMAL.top_right,
                bottom_left: line::NORMAL.bottom_left,
                bottom_right: line::NORMAL.bottom_right,
                vertical_left: " ",
                vertical_right: " ",
                horizontal_top: " ",
                horizontal_bottom: " ",
            };
            Block::bordered()
                .border_set(corners_only)
                .border_style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
                .render(spacer, buf);
        } else {
            Paragraph::new(Text::from(vec![
                Line::from(""),
                Line::from("│"),
                Line::from("│"),
                Line::from(""),
            ]))
            .style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
            .render(spacer, buf);
        }
        let width = spacer.width;
        let label = if width > 4 {
            format!("{width} px")
        } else if width > 2 {
            format!("{width}")
        } else {
            String::new()
        };
        let text = Text::from(vec![
            Line::raw(""),
            Line::raw(""),
            Line::styled(label, Style::reset().dark_gray()),
        ]);
        Paragraph::new(text)
            .style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
            .alignment(Alignment::Center)
            .render(spacer, buf);
    }

examples/paragraph.rs (line 140)

fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
    let size = f.size();

    // Words made "loooong" to demonstrate line breaking.
    let s = "Veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery    loooooooooooooooooong   striiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiing.   ";
    let mut long_line = s.repeat(usize::from(size.width) / s.len() + 4);
    long_line.push('\n');

    let block = Block::default().black();
    f.render_widget(block, size);

    let layout = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Ratio(1, 4); 4]).split(size);

    let text = vec![
        Line::from("This is a line "),
        Line::from("This is a line   ".red()),
        Line::from("This is a line".on_blue()),
        Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
        Line::from(long_line.on_green()),
        Line::from("This is a line".green().italic()),
        Line::from(vec![
            "Masked text: ".into(),
            Span::styled(
                Masked::new("password", '*'),
                Style::default().fg(Color::Red),
            ),
        ]),
    ];

    let create_block = |title| {
        Block::default()
            .borders(Borders::ALL)
            .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
            .title(Span::styled(
                title,
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
            ))
    };

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Default alignment (Left), no wrap"));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[0]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Default alignment (Left), with wrap"))
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[1]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Right alignment, with wrap"))
        .right_aligned()
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[2]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text)
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Center alignment, with wrap, with scroll"))
        .centered()
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
        .scroll((app.scroll, 0));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[3]);
}

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/user_input.rs

pub const fn wrap(self, wrap: Wrap) -> Self

Sets the wrapping configuration for the widget.

See Wrap for more information on the different options.

Example

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello, world!").wrap(Wrap { trim: true });

Examples found in repository

examples/block.rs (line 147)

fn placeholder_paragraph() -> Paragraph<'static> {
    let text = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.";
    Paragraph::new(text.dark_gray()).wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
}

examples/constraint-explorer.rs (line 293)

    fn instructions() -> impl Widget {
        let text = "◄ ►: select, ▲ ▼: edit, 1-6: swap, a: add, x: delete, q: quit, + -: spacing";
        Paragraph::new(text)
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .centered()
            .wrap(Wrap { trim: false })
    }

    fn swap_legend() -> impl Widget {
        #[allow(unstable_name_collisions)]
        Paragraph::new(
            Line::from(
                [
                    ConstraintName::Min,
                    ConstraintName::Max,
                    ConstraintName::Length,
                    ConstraintName::Percentage,
                    ConstraintName::Ratio,
                    ConstraintName::Fill,
                ]
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .map(|(i, name)| {
                    format!("  {i}: {name}  ", i = i + 1)
                        .fg(SLATE.c200)
                        .bg(name.color())
                })
                .intersperse(Span::from(" "))
                .collect_vec(),
            )
            .centered(),
        )
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: false })
    }

examples/demo2/tabs/recipe.rs (line 145)

fn render_recipe(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let lines = RECIPE
        .iter()
        .map(|(step, text)| Line::from(vec![step.white().bold(), text.gray()]))
        .collect_vec();
    Paragraph::new(lines)
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
        .block(Block::new().padding(Padding::new(0, 1, 0, 0)))
        .render(area, buf);
}

examples/popup.rs (line 98)

fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
    let area = f.size();

    let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Percentage(20), Constraint::Percentage(80)]);
    let [instructions, content] = vertical.areas(area);

    let text = if app.show_popup {
        "Press p to close the popup"
    } else {
        "Press p to show the popup"
    };
    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.slow_blink())
        .centered()
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, instructions);

    let block = Block::default()
        .title("Content")
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .on_blue();
    f.render_widget(block, content);

    if app.show_popup {
        let block = Block::default().title("Popup").borders(Borders::ALL);
        let area = centered_rect(60, 20, area);
        f.render_widget(Clear, area); //this clears out the background
        f.render_widget(block, area);
    }
}

examples/demo2/tabs/about.rs (line 95)

fn render_crate_description(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let area = area.inner(
        &(Margin {
            vertical: 4,
            horizontal: 2,
        }),
    );
    Clear.render(area, buf); // clear out the color swatches
    Block::new().style(THEME.content).render(area, buf);
    let area = area.inner(
        &(Margin {
            vertical: 1,
            horizontal: 2,
        }),
    );
    let text = "- cooking up terminal user interfaces -

    Ratatui is a Rust crate that provides widgets (e.g. Paragraph, Table) and draws them to the \
    screen efficiently every frame.";
    Paragraph::new(text)
        .style(THEME.description)
        .block(
            Block::new()
                .title(" Ratatui ")
                .title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
                .borders(Borders::TOP)
                .border_style(THEME.description_title)
                .padding(Padding::new(0, 0, 0, 0)),
        )
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
        .scroll((0, 0))
        .render(area, buf);
}

examples/demo/ui.rs (line 263)

fn draw_text(f: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    let text = vec![
        text::Line::from("This is a paragraph with several lines. You can change style your text the way you want"),
        text::Line::from(""),
        text::Line::from(vec![
            Span::from("For example: "),
            Span::styled("under", Style::default().fg(Color::Red)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("the", Style::default().fg(Color::Green)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("rainbow", Style::default().fg(Color::Blue)),
            Span::raw("."),
        ]),
        text::Line::from(vec![
            Span::raw("Oh and if you didn't "),
            Span::styled("notice", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::ITALIC)),
            Span::raw(" you can "),
            Span::styled("automatically", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD)),
            Span::raw(" "),
            Span::styled("wrap", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::REVERSED)),
            Span::raw(" your "),
            Span::styled("text", Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::UNDERLINED)),
            Span::raw(".")
        ]),
        text::Line::from(
            "One more thing is that it should display unicode characters: 10€"
        ),
    ];
    let block = Block::default().borders(Borders::ALL).title(Span::styled(
        "Footer",
        Style::default()
            .fg(Color::Magenta)
            .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
    ));
    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text).block(block).wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, area);
}

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/list.rs
• examples/paragraph.rs

pub const fn scroll(self, offset: (u16, u16)) -> Self

Set the scroll offset for the given paragraph

The scroll offset is a tuple of (y, x) offset. The y offset is the number of lines to scroll, and the x offset is the number of characters to scroll. The scroll offset is applied after the text is wrapped and aligned.

Note: the order of the tuple is (y, x) instead of (x, y), which is different from general convention across the crate.

For more information about future scrolling design and concerns, see RFC: Design of Scrollable Widgets on GitHub.

Examples found in repository

examples/demo2/tabs/about.rs (line 96)

fn render_crate_description(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    let area = area.inner(
        &(Margin {
            vertical: 4,
            horizontal: 2,
        }),
    );
    Clear.render(area, buf); // clear out the color swatches
    Block::new().style(THEME.content).render(area, buf);
    let area = area.inner(
        &(Margin {
            vertical: 1,
            horizontal: 2,
        }),
    );
    let text = "- cooking up terminal user interfaces -

    Ratatui is a Rust crate that provides widgets (e.g. Paragraph, Table) and draws them to the \
    screen efficiently every frame.";
    Paragraph::new(text)
        .style(THEME.description)
        .block(
            Block::new()
                .title(" Ratatui ")
                .title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
                .borders(Borders::TOP)
                .border_style(THEME.description_title)
                .padding(Padding::new(0, 0, 0, 0)),
        )
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
        .scroll((0, 0))
        .render(area, buf);
}

examples/paragraph.rs (line 162)

fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
    let size = f.size();

    // Words made "loooong" to demonstrate line breaking.
    let s = "Veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery    loooooooooooooooooong   striiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiing.   ";
    let mut long_line = s.repeat(usize::from(size.width) / s.len() + 4);
    long_line.push('\n');

    let block = Block::default().black();
    f.render_widget(block, size);

    let layout = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Ratio(1, 4); 4]).split(size);

    let text = vec![
        Line::from("This is a line "),
        Line::from("This is a line   ".red()),
        Line::from("This is a line".on_blue()),
        Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
        Line::from(long_line.on_green()),
        Line::from("This is a line".green().italic()),
        Line::from(vec![
            "Masked text: ".into(),
            Span::styled(
                Masked::new("password", '*'),
                Style::default().fg(Color::Red),
            ),
        ]),
    ];

    let create_block = |title| {
        Block::default()
            .borders(Borders::ALL)
            .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
            .title(Span::styled(
                title,
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
            ))
    };

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Default alignment (Left), no wrap"));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[0]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Default alignment (Left), with wrap"))
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[1]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Right alignment, with wrap"))
        .right_aligned()
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[2]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text)
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Center alignment, with wrap, with scroll"))
        .centered()
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
        .scroll((app.scroll, 0));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[3]);
}

examples/scrollbar.rs (line 166)

fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &mut App) {
    let size = f.size();

    // Words made "loooong" to demonstrate line breaking.
    let s = "Veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery    loooooooooooooooooong   striiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiing.   ";
    let mut long_line = s.repeat(usize::from(size.width) / s.len() + 4);
    long_line.push('\n');

    let chunks = Layout::vertical([
        Constraint::Min(1),
        Constraint::Percentage(25),
        Constraint::Percentage(25),
        Constraint::Percentage(25),
        Constraint::Percentage(25),
    ])
    .split(size);

    let text = vec![
        Line::from("This is a line "),
        Line::from("This is a line   ".red()),
        Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
        Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
        Line::from(long_line.clone()),
        Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
        Line::from(vec![
            Span::raw("Masked text: "),
            Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
        ]),
        Line::from("This is a line "),
        Line::from("This is a line   ".red()),
        Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
        Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
        Line::from(long_line.clone()),
        Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
        Line::from(vec![
            Span::raw("Masked text: "),
            Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
        ]),
    ];
    app.vertical_scroll_state = app.vertical_scroll_state.content_length(text.len());
    app.horizontal_scroll_state = app.horizontal_scroll_state.content_length(long_line.len());

    let create_block = |title: &'static str| Block::bordered().gray().title(title.bold());

    let title = Block::new()
        .title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
        .title("Use h j k l or ◄ ▲ ▼ ► to scroll ".bold());
    f.render_widget(title, chunks[0]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .gray()
        .block(create_block("Vertical scrollbar with arrows"))
        .scroll((app.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[1]);
    f.render_stateful_widget(
        Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalRight)
            .begin_symbol(Some("↑"))
            .end_symbol(Some("↓")),
        chunks[1],
        &mut app.vertical_scroll_state,
    );

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .gray()
        .block(create_block(
            "Vertical scrollbar without arrows, without track symbol and mirrored",
        ))
        .scroll((app.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[2]);
    f.render_stateful_widget(
        Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalLeft)
            .symbols(scrollbar::VERTICAL)
            .begin_symbol(None)
            .track_symbol(None)
            .end_symbol(None),
        chunks[2].inner(&Margin {
            vertical: 1,
            horizontal: 0,
        }),
        &mut app.vertical_scroll_state,
    );

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .gray()
        .block(create_block(
            "Horizontal scrollbar with only begin arrow & custom thumb symbol",
        ))
        .scroll((0, app.horizontal_scroll as u16));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[3]);
    f.render_stateful_widget(
        Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
            .thumb_symbol("🬋")
            .end_symbol(None),
        chunks[3].inner(&Margin {
            vertical: 0,
            horizontal: 1,
        }),
        &mut app.horizontal_scroll_state,
    );

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .gray()
        .block(create_block(
            "Horizontal scrollbar without arrows & custom thumb and track symbol",
        ))
        .scroll((0, app.horizontal_scroll as u16));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[4]);
    f.render_stateful_widget(
        Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
            .thumb_symbol("░")
            .track_symbol(Some("─")),
        chunks[4].inner(&Margin {
            vertical: 0,
            horizontal: 1,
        }),
        &mut app.horizontal_scroll_state,
    );
}

pub const fn alignment(self, alignment: Alignment) -> Self

Set the text alignment for the given paragraph

The alignment is a variant of the Alignment enum which can be one of Left, Right, or Center. If no alignment is specified, the text in a paragraph will be left-aligned.

Example

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello World").alignment(Alignment::Center);

Examples found in repository

examples/gauge.rs (line 146)

fn render_header(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    Paragraph::new("Ratatui Gauge Example")
        .bold()
        .alignment(Alignment::Center)
        .fg(CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR)
        .render(area, buf);
}

fn render_footer(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    Paragraph::new("Press ENTER to start")
        .alignment(Alignment::Center)
        .fg(CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR)
        .bold()
        .render(area, buf);
}

examples/block.rs (line 140)

fn render_title(frame: &mut Frame, area: Rect) {
    frame.render_widget(
        Paragraph::new("Block example. Press q to quit")
            .dark_gray()
            .alignment(Alignment::Center),
        area,
    );
}

examples/flex.rs (line 493)

    fn render_spacer(spacer: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        if spacer.width > 1 {
            let corners_only = symbols::border::Set {
                top_left: line::NORMAL.top_left,
                top_right: line::NORMAL.top_right,
                bottom_left: line::NORMAL.bottom_left,
                bottom_right: line::NORMAL.bottom_right,
                vertical_left: " ",
                vertical_right: " ",
                horizontal_top: " ",
                horizontal_bottom: " ",
            };
            Block::bordered()
                .border_set(corners_only)
                .border_style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
                .render(spacer, buf);
        } else {
            Paragraph::new(Text::from(vec![
                Line::from(""),
                Line::from("│"),
                Line::from("│"),
                Line::from(""),
            ]))
            .style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
            .render(spacer, buf);
        }
        let width = spacer.width;
        let label = if width > 4 {
            format!("{width} px")
        } else if width > 2 {
            format!("{width}")
        } else {
            String::new()
        };
        let text = Text::from(vec![
            Line::raw(""),
            Line::raw(""),
            Line::styled(label, Style::reset().dark_gray()),
        ]);
        Paragraph::new(text)
            .style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
            .alignment(Alignment::Center)
            .render(spacer, buf);
    }

pub const fn left_aligned(self) -> Self

Left-aligns the text in the given paragraph.

Convenience shortcut for Paragraph::alignment(Alignment::Left).

Examples

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello World").left_aligned();

pub const fn centered(self) -> Self

Center-aligns the text in the given paragraph.

Convenience shortcut for Paragraph::alignment(Alignment::Center).

Examples

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello World").centered();

Examples found in repository

examples/list.rs (line 281)

fn render_title(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    Paragraph::new("Ratatui List Example")
        .bold()
        .centered()
        .render(area, buf);
}

fn render_footer(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
    Paragraph::new("\nUse ↓↑ to move, ← to unselect, → to change status, g/G to go top/bottom.")
        .centered()
        .render(area, buf);
}

examples/constraint-explorer.rs (line 292)

    fn instructions() -> impl Widget {
        let text = "◄ ►: select, ▲ ▼: edit, 1-6: swap, a: add, x: delete, q: quit, + -: spacing";
        Paragraph::new(text)
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .centered()
            .wrap(Wrap { trim: false })
    }

    fn swap_legend() -> impl Widget {
        #[allow(unstable_name_collisions)]
        Paragraph::new(
            Line::from(
                [
                    ConstraintName::Min,
                    ConstraintName::Max,
                    ConstraintName::Length,
                    ConstraintName::Percentage,
                    ConstraintName::Ratio,
                    ConstraintName::Fill,
                ]
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .map(|(i, name)| {
                    format!("  {i}: {name}  ", i = i + 1)
                        .fg(SLATE.c200)
                        .bg(name.color())
                })
                .intersperse(Span::from(" "))
                .collect_vec(),
            )
            .centered(),
        )
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: false })
    }

    /// A bar like `<----- 80 px (gap: 2 px) ----->`
    ///
    /// Only shows the gap when spacing is not zero
    fn axis(&self, width: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let label = if self.spacing != 0 {
            format!("{} px (gap: {} px)", width, self.spacing)
        } else {
            format!("{width} px")
        };
        let bar_width = width.saturating_sub(2) as usize; // we want to `<` and `>` at the ends
        let width_bar = format!("<{label:-^bar_width$}>");
        Paragraph::new(width_bar).fg(Self::AXIS_COLOR).centered()
    }

    fn render_layout_blocks(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let [user_constraints, area] = Layout::vertical([Length(3), Fill(1)])
            .spacing(1)
            .areas(area);

        self.render_user_constraints_legend(user_constraints, buf);

        let [start, center, end, space_around, space_between] =
            Layout::vertical([Length(7); 5]).areas(area);

        self.render_layout_block(Flex::Start, start, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::Center, center, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::End, end, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::SpaceAround, space_around, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::SpaceBetween, space_between, buf);
    }

    fn render_user_constraints_legend(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let blocks = Layout::horizontal(
            self.constraints
                .iter()
                .map(|_| Constraint::Fill(1))
                .collect_vec(),
        )
        .split(area);

        for (i, (area, constraint)) in blocks.iter().zip(self.constraints.iter()).enumerate() {
            let selected = self.selected_index == i;
            ConstraintBlock::new(*constraint, selected, true).render(*area, buf);
        }
    }

    fn render_layout_block(&self, flex: Flex, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let [label_area, axis_area, blocks_area] =
            Layout::vertical([Length(1), Max(1), Length(4)]).areas(area);

        if label_area.height > 0 {
            format!("Flex::{flex:?}").bold().render(label_area, buf);
        }

        self.axis(area.width).render(axis_area, buf);

        let (blocks, spacers) = Layout::horizontal(&self.constraints)
            .flex(flex)
            .spacing(self.spacing)
            .split_with_spacers(blocks_area);

        for (i, (area, constraint)) in blocks.iter().zip(self.constraints.iter()).enumerate() {
            let selected = self.selected_index == i;
            ConstraintBlock::new(*constraint, selected, false).render(*area, buf);
        }

        for area in spacers.iter() {
            SpacerBlock.render(*area, buf);
        }
    }
}

impl Widget for ConstraintBlock {
    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        match area.height {
            1 => self.render_1px(area, buf),
            2 => self.render_2px(area, buf),
            _ => self.render_4px(area, buf),
        }
    }
}

impl ConstraintBlock {
    const TEXT_COLOR: Color = SLATE.c200;

    const fn new(constraint: Constraint, selected: bool, legend: bool) -> Self {
        Self {
            constraint,
            legend,
            selected,
        }
    }

    fn label(&self, width: u16) -> String {
        let long_width = format!("{width} px");
        let short_width = format!("{width}");
        // border takes up 2 columns
        let available_space = width.saturating_sub(2) as usize;
        let width_label = if long_width.len() < available_space {
            long_width
        } else if short_width.len() < available_space {
            short_width
        } else {
            String::new()
        };
        format!("{}\n{}", self.constraint, width_label)
    }

    fn render_1px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        Block::default()
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(selected_color)
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_2px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(selected_color).reversed())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_4px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let color = if self.legend {
            selected_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let label = self.label(area.width);
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(color).reversed())
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color);
        Paragraph::new(label)
            .centered()
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color)
            .block(block)
            .render(area, buf);

        if !self.legend {
            let border_color = if self.selected {
                lighter_color
            } else {
                main_color
            };
            if let Some(last_row) = area.rows().last() {
                buf.set_style(last_row, border_color);
            }
        }
    }

examples/table.rs (line 332)

fn render_footer(f: &mut Frame, app: &App, area: Rect) {
    let info_footer = Paragraph::new(Line::from(INFO_TEXT))
        .style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.row_fg).bg(app.colors.buffer_bg))
        .centered()
        .block(
            Block::default()
                .borders(Borders::ALL)
                .border_style(Style::new().fg(app.colors.footer_border_color))
                .border_type(BorderType::Double),
        );
    f.render_widget(info_footer, area);
}

examples/flex.rs (line 297)

    fn axis(width: u16, spacing: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let width = width as usize;
        // only show gap when spacing is not zero
        let label = if spacing != 0 {
            format!("{width} px (gap: {spacing} px)")
        } else {
            format!("{width} px")
        };
        let bar_width = width.saturating_sub(2); // we want to `<` and `>` at the ends
        let width_bar = format!("<{label:-^bar_width$}>");
        Paragraph::new(width_bar.dark_gray()).centered()
    }

    /// Render the demo content
    ///
    /// This function renders the demo content into a separate buffer and then splices the buffer
    /// into the main buffer. This is done to make it possible to handle scrolling easily.
    ///
    /// Returns bool indicating whether scroll was needed
    #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
    fn render_demo(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) -> bool {
        // render demo content into a separate buffer so all examples fit we add an extra
        // area.height to make sure the last example is fully visible even when the scroll offset is
        // at the max
        let height = example_height();
        let demo_area = Rect::new(0, 0, area.width, height);
        let mut demo_buf = Buffer::empty(demo_area);

        let scrollbar_needed = self.scroll_offset != 0 || height > area.height;
        let content_area = if scrollbar_needed {
            Rect {
                width: demo_area.width - 1,
                ..demo_area
            }
        } else {
            demo_area
        };

        let mut spacing = self.spacing;
        self.selected_tab
            .render(content_area, &mut demo_buf, &mut spacing);

        let visible_content = demo_buf
            .content
            .into_iter()
            .skip((area.width * self.scroll_offset) as usize)
            .take(area.area() as usize);
        for (i, cell) in visible_content.enumerate() {
            let x = i as u16 % area.width;
            let y = i as u16 / area.width;
            *buf.get_mut(area.x + x, area.y + y) = cell;
        }

        if scrollbar_needed {
            let area = area.intersection(buf.area);
            let mut state = ScrollbarState::new(max_scroll_offset() as usize)
                .position(self.scroll_offset as usize);
            Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalRight).render(area, buf, &mut state);
        }
        scrollbar_needed
    }
}

impl SelectedTab {
    /// Get the previous tab, if there is no previous tab return the current tab.
    fn previous(self) -> Self {
        let current_index: usize = self as usize;
        let previous_index = current_index.saturating_sub(1);
        Self::from_repr(previous_index).unwrap_or(self)
    }

    /// Get the next tab, if there is no next tab return the current tab.
    fn next(self) -> Self {
        let current_index = self as usize;
        let next_index = current_index.saturating_add(1);
        Self::from_repr(next_index).unwrap_or(self)
    }

    /// Convert a `SelectedTab` into a `Line` to display it by the `Tabs` widget.
    fn to_tab_title(value: Self) -> Line<'static> {
        use tailwind::*;
        let text = value.to_string();
        let color = match value {
            Self::Legacy => ORANGE.c400,
            Self::Start => SKY.c400,
            Self::Center => SKY.c300,
            Self::End => SKY.c200,
            Self::SpaceAround => INDIGO.c400,
            Self::SpaceBetween => INDIGO.c300,
        };
        format!(" {text} ").fg(color).bg(Color::Black).into()
    }
}

impl StatefulWidget for SelectedTab {
    type State = u16;
    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer, spacing: &mut Self::State) {
        let spacing = *spacing;
        match self {
            Self::Legacy => Self::render_examples(area, buf, Flex::Legacy, spacing),
            Self::Start => Self::render_examples(area, buf, Flex::Start, spacing),
            Self::Center => Self::render_examples(area, buf, Flex::Center, spacing),
            Self::End => Self::render_examples(area, buf, Flex::End, spacing),
            Self::SpaceAround => Self::render_examples(area, buf, Flex::SpaceAround, spacing),
            Self::SpaceBetween => Self::render_examples(area, buf, Flex::SpaceBetween, spacing),
        }
    }
}

impl SelectedTab {
    fn render_examples(area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer, flex: Flex, spacing: u16) {
        let heights = EXAMPLE_DATA
            .iter()
            .map(|(desc, _)| get_description_height(desc) + 4);
        let areas = Layout::vertical(heights).flex(Flex::Start).split(area);
        for (area, (description, constraints)) in areas.iter().zip(EXAMPLE_DATA.iter()) {
            Example::new(constraints, description, flex, spacing).render(*area, buf);
        }
    }
}

impl Example {
    fn new(constraints: &[Constraint], description: &str, flex: Flex, spacing: u16) -> Self {
        Self {
            constraints: constraints.into(),
            description: description.into(),
            flex,
            spacing,
        }
    }
}

impl Widget for Example {
    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let title_height = get_description_height(&self.description);
        let layout = Layout::vertical([Length(title_height), Fill(0)]);
        let [title, illustrations] = layout.areas(area);

        let (blocks, spacers) = Layout::horizontal(&self.constraints)
            .flex(self.flex)
            .spacing(self.spacing)
            .split_with_spacers(illustrations);

        if !self.description.is_empty() {
            Paragraph::new(
                self.description
                    .split('\n')
                    .map(|s| format!("// {s}").italic().fg(tailwind::SLATE.c400))
                    .map(Line::from)
                    .collect::<Vec<Line>>(),
            )
            .render(title, buf);
        }

        for (block, constraint) in blocks.iter().zip(&self.constraints) {
            Self::illustration(*constraint, block.width).render(*block, buf);
        }

        for spacer in spacers.iter() {
            Self::render_spacer(*spacer, buf);
        }
    }
}

impl Example {
    fn render_spacer(spacer: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        if spacer.width > 1 {
            let corners_only = symbols::border::Set {
                top_left: line::NORMAL.top_left,
                top_right: line::NORMAL.top_right,
                bottom_left: line::NORMAL.bottom_left,
                bottom_right: line::NORMAL.bottom_right,
                vertical_left: " ",
                vertical_right: " ",
                horizontal_top: " ",
                horizontal_bottom: " ",
            };
            Block::bordered()
                .border_set(corners_only)
                .border_style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
                .render(spacer, buf);
        } else {
            Paragraph::new(Text::from(vec![
                Line::from(""),
                Line::from("│"),
                Line::from("│"),
                Line::from(""),
            ]))
            .style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
            .render(spacer, buf);
        }
        let width = spacer.width;
        let label = if width > 4 {
            format!("{width} px")
        } else if width > 2 {
            format!("{width}")
        } else {
            String::new()
        };
        let text = Text::from(vec![
            Line::raw(""),
            Line::raw(""),
            Line::styled(label, Style::reset().dark_gray()),
        ]);
        Paragraph::new(text)
            .style(Style::reset().dark_gray())
            .alignment(Alignment::Center)
            .render(spacer, buf);
    }

    fn illustration(constraint: Constraint, width: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let main_color = color_for_constraint(constraint);
        let fg_color = Color::White;
        let title = format!("{constraint}");
        let content = format!("{width} px");
        let text = format!("{title}\n{content}");
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(main_color).reversed())
            .style(Style::default().fg(fg_color).bg(main_color));
        Paragraph::new(text).centered().block(block)
    }

examples/popup.rs (line 97)

fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
    let area = f.size();

    let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Percentage(20), Constraint::Percentage(80)]);
    let [instructions, content] = vertical.areas(area);

    let text = if app.show_popup {
        "Press p to close the popup"
    } else {
        "Press p to show the popup"
    };
    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.slow_blink())
        .centered()
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, instructions);

    let block = Block::default()
        .title("Content")
        .borders(Borders::ALL)
        .on_blue();
    f.render_widget(block, content);

    if app.show_popup {
        let block = Block::default().title("Popup").borders(Borders::ALL);
        let area = centered_rect(60, 20, area);
        f.render_widget(Clear, area); //this clears out the background
        f.render_widget(block, area);
    }
}

examples/panic.rs (line 149)

fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
    let text = vec![
        if app.hook_enabled {
            Line::from("HOOK IS CURRENTLY **ENABLED**")
        } else {
            Line::from("HOOK IS CURRENTLY **DISABLED**")
        },
        Line::from(""),
        Line::from("press `p` to panic"),
        Line::from("press `e` to enable the terminal-resetting panic hook"),
        Line::from("press any other key to quit without panic"),
        Line::from(""),
        Line::from("when you panic without the chained hook,"),
        Line::from("you will likely have to reset your terminal afterwards"),
        Line::from("with the `reset` command"),
        Line::from(""),
        Line::from("with the chained panic hook enabled,"),
        Line::from("you should see the panic report as you would without ratatui"),
        Line::from(""),
        Line::from("try first without the panic handler to see the difference"),
    ];

    let b = Block::default()
        .title("Panic Handler Demo")
        .borders(Borders::ALL);

    let p = Paragraph::new(text).block(b).centered();

    f.render_widget(p, f.size());
}

Additional examples can be found in:

• examples/paragraph.rs

pub const fn right_aligned(self) -> Self

Right-aligns the text in the given paragraph.

Convenience shortcut for Paragraph::alignment(Alignment::Right).

Examples

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello World").right_aligned();

Examples found in repository

examples/paragraph.rs (line 153)

fn ui(f: &mut Frame, app: &App) {
    let size = f.size();

    // Words made "loooong" to demonstrate line breaking.
    let s = "Veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery    loooooooooooooooooong   striiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiing.   ";
    let mut long_line = s.repeat(usize::from(size.width) / s.len() + 4);
    long_line.push('\n');

    let block = Block::default().black();
    f.render_widget(block, size);

    let layout = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Ratio(1, 4); 4]).split(size);

    let text = vec![
        Line::from("This is a line "),
        Line::from("This is a line   ".red()),
        Line::from("This is a line".on_blue()),
        Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
        Line::from(long_line.on_green()),
        Line::from("This is a line".green().italic()),
        Line::from(vec![
            "Masked text: ".into(),
            Span::styled(
                Masked::new("password", '*'),
                Style::default().fg(Color::Red),
            ),
        ]),
    ];

    let create_block = |title| {
        Block::default()
            .borders(Borders::ALL)
            .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
            .title(Span::styled(
                title,
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
            ))
    };

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Default alignment (Left), no wrap"));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[0]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Default alignment (Left), with wrap"))
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[1]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Right alignment, with wrap"))
        .right_aligned()
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true });
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[2]);

    let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text)
        .style(Style::default().fg(Color::Gray))
        .block(create_block("Center alignment, with wrap, with scroll"))
        .centered()
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
        .scroll((app.scroll, 0));
    f.render_widget(paragraph, layout[3]);
}

pub fn line_count(&self, width: u16) -> usize

Available on crate feature unstable-rendered-line-info only.

Calculates the number of lines needed to fully render.

Given a max line width, this method calculates the number of lines that a paragraph will need in order to be fully rendered. For paragraphs that do not use wrapping, this count is simply the number of lines present in the paragraph.

Note: The design for text wrapping is not stable and might affect this API.

Example

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello World")
    .wrap(Wrap { trim: false });
assert_eq!(paragraph.line_count(20), 1);
assert_eq!(paragraph.line_count(10), 2);

Availability

This API is marked as unstable and is only available when the unstable-rendered-line-info crate feature is enabled. This comes with no stability guarantees, and could be changed or removed at any time. The tracking issue is: https://github.com/ratatui-org/ratatui/issues/293

pub fn line_width(&self) -> usize

Available on crate feature unstable-rendered-line-info only.

Calculates the shortest line width needed to avoid any word being wrapped or truncated.

Note: The design for text wrapping is not stable and might affect this API.

Example

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello World");
assert_eq!(paragraph.line_width(), 11);

let paragraph = Paragraph::new("Hello World\nhi\nHello World!!!");
assert_eq!(paragraph.line_width(), 14);

Availability

This API is marked as unstable and is only available when the unstable-rendered-line-info crate feature is enabled. This comes with no stability guarantees, and could be changed or removed at any time. The tracking issue is: https://github.com/ratatui-org/ratatui/issues/293

Trait Implementations

impl<'a> Clone for Paragraph<'a>

fn clone(&self) -> Paragraph<'a>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<'a> Debug for Paragraph<'a>

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'a> Default for Paragraph<'a>

fn default() -> Paragraph<'a>

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<'a> Hash for Paragraph<'a>

fn hash<__H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl<'a> PartialEq for Paragraph<'a>

fn eq(&self, other: &Paragraph<'a>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a> Styled for Paragraph<'a>

type Item = Paragraph<'a>

fn style(&self) -> Style

Returns the style of the object.

fn set_style<S: Into<Style>>(self, style: S) -> Self::Item

Sets the style of the object.

impl Widget for Paragraph<'_>

fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer)

Draws the current state of the widget in the given buffer. That is the only method required to implement a custom widget.

impl WidgetRef for Paragraph<'_>

fn render_ref(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer)

Available on crate feature unstable-widget-ref only.

Draws the current state of the widget in the given buffer. That is the only method required to implement a custom widget.

impl<'a> Eq for Paragraph<'a>

impl<'a> StructuralPartialEq for Paragraph<'a>