Struct Error 

pub struct Error {
    pub id: Uuid,
    pub kind: ErrorKind,
    pub message: String,
    pub context: ErrorContext,
    pub source: Option<Box<Error>>,
    pub backtrace: Backtrace,
}

Comprehensive error type with rich context information

Fields

id: Uuid

Unique identifier for this error instance

kind: ErrorKind

Error classification

message: String

Human-readable error message

context: ErrorContext

Additional contextual information

source: Option<Box<Error>>

Optional source error that caused this error

backtrace: Backtrace

Stack trace information (when available)

Implementations

impl Error

pub fn new(kind: ErrorKind, message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a new error with the specified kind and message

pub fn validation(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a validation error

pub fn invalid_params(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create an invalid parameters error (MCP -32602)

This is the standard MCP error code for parameter validation failures, including missing required parameters, invalid types, out-of-range values, or any other parameter-related validation errors.

Example

use turbomcp_protocol::Error;

let error = Error::invalid_params("Email must be valid");
assert_eq!(error.jsonrpc_error_code(), -32602);

pub fn authentication(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create an authentication error

pub fn not_found(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

👎Deprecated since 2.1.0: Use specific constructors: tool_not_found(), prompt_not_found(), or resource_not_found()

Create a not found error

pub fn permission_denied(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a permission denied error

pub fn bad_request(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a bad request error

pub fn internal(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create an internal error

pub fn transport(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a transport error

pub fn serialization(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a serialization error

pub fn protocol(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a protocol error

pub fn rpc(code: i32, message: &str) -> Box<Error>

Create a JSON-RPC error

Maps JSON-RPC error codes to appropriate ErrorKind variants to preserve semantic meaning. Special handling for MCP-specific codes like -1 (user rejection).

pub fn timeout(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a timeout error

pub fn unavailable(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create an unavailable error

pub fn rate_limited(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a rate limited error

pub fn configuration(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a configuration error

pub fn external_service(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create an external service error

pub fn cancelled(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a cancelled error

pub fn user_rejected(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a user rejected error

Per MCP 2025-06-18 specification, this indicates a user explicitly rejected a request (e.g., declined a sampling request). This is a permanent failure that should not be retried.

pub fn handler(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

👎Deprecated since 2.1.0: Use specific error constructors: tool_not_found(), tool_execution_failed(), etc.

Create a handler error - for compatibility with macro-generated code

pub fn security(message: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a security error

pub fn tool_not_found(tool_name: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a tool not found error (MCP error code -32001)

Example

use turbomcp_protocol::Error;

let error = Error::tool_not_found("calculate");
assert_eq!(error.jsonrpc_error_code(), -32001);

pub fn tool_execution_failed( tool_name: impl Into<String>, reason: impl Into<String>, ) -> Box<Error>

Create a tool execution failed error (MCP error code -32002)

Example

use turbomcp_protocol::Error;

let error = Error::tool_execution_failed("calculate", "Division by zero");
assert_eq!(error.jsonrpc_error_code(), -32002);

pub fn prompt_not_found(prompt_name: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a prompt not found error (MCP error code -32003)

Example

use turbomcp_protocol::Error;

let error = Error::prompt_not_found("code_review");
assert_eq!(error.jsonrpc_error_code(), -32003);

pub fn resource_not_found(uri: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a resource not found error (MCP error code -32004)

Example

use turbomcp_protocol::Error;

let error = Error::resource_not_found("file:///docs/api.md");
assert_eq!(error.jsonrpc_error_code(), -32004);

pub fn resource_access_denied( uri: impl Into<String>, reason: impl Into<String>, ) -> Box<Error>

Create a resource access denied error (MCP error code -32005)

Example

use turbomcp_protocol::Error;

let error = Error::resource_access_denied("file:///etc/passwd", "Path outside allowed directory");
assert_eq!(error.jsonrpc_error_code(), -32005);

pub fn capability_not_supported(capability: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Create a capability not supported error (MCP error code -32006)

Example

use turbomcp_protocol::Error;

let error = Error::capability_not_supported("sampling");
assert_eq!(error.jsonrpc_error_code(), -32006);

pub fn protocol_version_mismatch( client_version: impl Into<String>, server_version: impl Into<String>, ) -> Box<Error>

Create a protocol version mismatch error (MCP error code -32007)

Example

use turbomcp_protocol::Error;

let error = Error::protocol_version_mismatch("2024-11-05", "2025-06-18");
assert_eq!(error.jsonrpc_error_code(), -32007);

pub fn server_overloaded() -> Box<Error>

Create a server overloaded error (MCP error code -32010)

Example

use turbomcp_protocol::Error;

let error = Error::server_overloaded();
assert_eq!(error.jsonrpc_error_code(), -32010);

pub fn with_context( self: Box<Error>, key: impl Into<String>, value: impl Into<Value>, ) -> Box<Error>

Add context to this error

pub fn with_operation( self: Box<Error>, operation: impl Into<String>, ) -> Box<Error>

Set the operation being performed

pub fn with_component( self: Box<Error>, component: impl Into<String>, ) -> Box<Error>

Set the component where error occurred

pub fn with_request_id( self: Box<Error>, request_id: impl Into<String>, ) -> Box<Error>

Set the request ID for tracing

pub fn with_user_id(self: Box<Error>, user_id: impl Into<String>) -> Box<Error>

Set the user ID

pub fn with_retry_info(self: Box<Error>, retry_info: RetryInfo) -> Box<Error>

Add retry information

pub fn with_source(self: Box<Error>, source: Box<Error>) -> Box<Error>

Chain this error with a source error

pub const fn is_retryable(&self) -> bool

Check if this error is retryable based on its kind

pub const fn is_temporary(&self) -> bool

Check if this error indicates a temporary failure

pub const fn http_status_code(&self) -> u16

Get the HTTP status code equivalent for this error

pub const fn jsonrpc_error_code(&self) -> i32

Convert to a JSON-RPC error code per MCP 2025-06-18 specification

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Error

fn clone(&self) -> Error

Returns a duplicate of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Error

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Error

fn deserialize<D>( deserializer: D, ) -> Result<Error, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error>

where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl Display for Error

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Error for Error

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

Returns the lower-level source of this error, if any.

fn description(&self) -> &str

👎Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎Deprecated since 1.33.0: replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting

fn provide<'a>(&'a self, request: &mut Request<'a>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (error_generic_member_access)

Provides type-based access to context intended for error reports.

impl Serialize for Error

fn serialize<__S>( &self, __serializer: __S, ) -> Result<<__S as Serializer>::Ok, <__S as Serializer>::Error>

where __S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.