use crate::random_utils::NormalSampler as Normal;
use crate::Vector;
use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use oxirs_core::parallel::*;
use oxirs_core::simd::SimdOps;
use scirs2_core::random::{Random, RngExt, StdRng};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
use tracing::{debug, info, span, Level};
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct QuantumSearchConfig {
pub superposition_states: usize,
pub entanglement_strength: f32,
pub interference_amplitude: f32,
pub measurement_threshold: f32,
pub max_iterations: usize,
pub enable_tunneling: bool,
pub decoherence_rate: f32,
}
impl Default for QuantumSearchConfig {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
superposition_states: 64,
entanglement_strength: 0.7,
interference_amplitude: 1.2,
measurement_threshold: 0.1,
max_iterations: 100,
enable_tunneling: true,
decoherence_rate: 0.05,
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct QuantumState {
pub amplitudes: Vec<f32>,
pub phases: Vec<f32>,
pub entanglement_matrix: Vec<Vec<f32>>,
pub probabilities: Vec<f32>,
}
impl QuantumState {
pub fn new(num_states: usize) -> Self {
let amplitudes = vec![1.0 / (num_states as f32).sqrt(); num_states];
let phases = vec![0.0; num_states];
let entanglement_matrix = vec![vec![0.0; num_states]; num_states];
let probabilities = vec![1.0 / num_states as f32; num_states];
Self {
amplitudes,
phases,
entanglement_matrix,
probabilities,
}
}
pub fn apply_superposition(&mut self, config: &QuantumSearchConfig) {
let num_states = self.amplitudes.len();
for i in 0..num_states {
let angle = std::f32::consts::PI * i as f32 / num_states as f32;
self.amplitudes[i] = (angle.cos() * config.interference_amplitude).abs();
self.phases[i] = angle.sin() * config.interference_amplitude;
}
self.normalize();
}
pub fn create_entanglement(&mut self, config: &QuantumSearchConfig) {
let num_states = self.amplitudes.len();
for i in 0..num_states {
for j in (i + 1)..num_states {
let entanglement =
config.entanglement_strength * (self.amplitudes[i] * self.amplitudes[j]).sqrt();
self.entanglement_matrix[i][j] = entanglement;
self.entanglement_matrix[j][i] = entanglement;
}
}
}
pub fn apply_interference(&mut self, target_similarity: f32) {
let num_states = self.amplitudes.len();
for i in 0..num_states {
if self.probabilities[i] > target_similarity {
self.amplitudes[i] *= 1.0 + target_similarity;
self.phases[i] += std::f32::consts::PI / 4.0;
} else {
self.amplitudes[i] *= 1.0 - target_similarity * 0.5;
self.phases[i] -= std::f32::consts::PI / 4.0;
}
}
self.normalize();
}
pub fn quantum_tunneling(&mut self, barrier_height: f32) -> Vec<usize> {
let mut tunneling_states = Vec::new();
for i in 0..self.amplitudes.len() {
let tunneling_prob = (-2.0 * barrier_height).exp();
if self.probabilities[i] * tunneling_prob > 0.1 {
tunneling_states.push(i);
self.amplitudes[i] *= (1.0 + tunneling_prob).sqrt();
}
}
self.normalize();
tunneling_states
}
pub fn measure(&mut self, config: &QuantumSearchConfig) -> Vec<usize> {
self.update_probabilities();
let mut measured_states = Vec::new();
for (i, &prob) in self.probabilities.iter().enumerate() {
if prob > config.measurement_threshold {
measured_states.push(i);
}
}
for amplitude in &mut self.amplitudes {
*amplitude *= 1.0 - config.decoherence_rate;
}
measured_states
}
fn update_probabilities(&mut self) {
for (i, prob) in self.probabilities.iter_mut().enumerate() {
*prob = self.amplitudes[i].powi(2);
}
}
fn normalize(&mut self) {
let norm = f32::norm(&self.amplitudes);
if norm > 0.0 {
for amplitude in &mut self.amplitudes {
*amplitude /= norm;
}
}
self.update_probabilities();
}
pub fn enhanced_quantum_tunneling(&mut self, barrier_profile: &[f32]) -> Result<Vec<usize>> {
if barrier_profile.len() != self.amplitudes.len() {
return Err(anyhow!(
"Barrier profile length must match number of quantum states"
));
}
let mut tunneling_states = Vec::new();
#[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)]
for i in 0..self.amplitudes.len() {
let barrier_height = barrier_profile[i];
let transmission_coefficient = if barrier_height > 0.0 {
let tunneling_width = 1.0; (-2.0 * (2.0 * barrier_height).sqrt() * tunneling_width).exp()
} else {
1.0 };
let tunneling_prob = self.probabilities[i] * transmission_coefficient;
if tunneling_prob > 0.05 {
tunneling_states.push(i);
self.amplitudes[i] *= (1.0 + transmission_coefficient).sqrt();
}
}
self.normalize();
Ok(tunneling_states)
}
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct QuantumVectorSearch {
config: QuantumSearchConfig,
quantum_states: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, QuantumState>>>,
search_history: Arc<RwLock<Vec<QuantumSearchResult>>>,
optimization_cache: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, f32>>>,
rng: Arc<RwLock<StdRng>>,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct QuantumSearchResult {
pub vector_id: String,
pub similarity: f32,
pub quantum_probability: f32,
pub entanglement_score: f32,
pub interference_pattern: f32,
pub tunneling_advantage: f32,
pub quantum_confidence: f32,
}
impl QuantumVectorSearch {
pub fn new(config: QuantumSearchConfig) -> Self {
Self {
config,
quantum_states: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
search_history: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new())),
optimization_cache: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
rng: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Random::seed(42))),
}
}
pub fn with_default_config() -> Self {
Self::new(QuantumSearchConfig::default())
}
pub fn with_seed(config: QuantumSearchConfig, seed: u64) -> Self {
Self {
config,
quantum_states: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
search_history: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new())),
optimization_cache: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
rng: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Random::seed(seed))),
}
}
pub async fn quantum_similarity_search(
&self,
query_vector: &Vector,
candidate_vectors: &[(String, Vector)],
k: usize,
) -> Result<Vec<QuantumSearchResult>> {
let span = span!(Level::DEBUG, "quantum_similarity_search");
let _enter = span.enter();
let query_id = self.generate_query_id(query_vector);
let mut quantum_state = QuantumState::new(self.config.superposition_states);
quantum_state.apply_superposition(&self.config);
quantum_state.create_entanglement(&self.config);
let mut results = Vec::new();
let query_f32 = query_vector.as_f32();
for (candidate_id, candidate_vector) in candidate_vectors {
let candidate_f32 = candidate_vector.as_f32();
let classical_similarity = self.compute_cosine_similarity(&query_f32, &candidate_f32);
quantum_state.apply_interference(classical_similarity);
let tunneling_states = if self.config.enable_tunneling {
quantum_state.quantum_tunneling(1.0 - classical_similarity)
} else {
Vec::new()
};
let measured_states = quantum_state.measure(&self.config);
let quantum_probability = quantum_state.probabilities.iter().sum::<f32>()
/ quantum_state.probabilities.len() as f32;
let entanglement_score = self.compute_entanglement_score(&quantum_state);
let interference_pattern = self.compute_interference_pattern(&quantum_state);
let tunneling_advantage = if tunneling_states.is_empty() {
0.0
} else {
tunneling_states.len() as f32 / self.config.superposition_states as f32
};
let quantum_similarity = classical_similarity * (1.0 + quantum_probability * 0.3);
let quantum_confidence =
self.compute_quantum_confidence(&quantum_state, &measured_states);
results.push(QuantumSearchResult {
vector_id: candidate_id.clone(),
similarity: quantum_similarity,
quantum_probability,
entanglement_score,
interference_pattern,
tunneling_advantage,
quantum_confidence,
});
}
results.sort_by(|a, b| {
b.similarity
.partial_cmp(&a.similarity)
.unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal)
});
results.truncate(k);
{
let mut states = self
.quantum_states
.write()
.expect("quantum_states lock should not be poisoned");
states.insert(query_id, quantum_state);
}
{
let mut history = self
.search_history
.write()
.expect("search_history lock should not be poisoned");
history.extend(results.clone());
}
info!(
"Quantum similarity search completed with {} results",
results.len()
);
Ok(results)
}
pub async fn parallel_quantum_similarity_search(
&self,
query_vector: &Vector,
candidate_vectors: &[(String, Vector)],
k: usize,
) -> Result<Vec<QuantumSearchResult>> {
let span = span!(Level::DEBUG, "parallel_quantum_similarity_search");
let _enter = span.enter();
if candidate_vectors.is_empty() {
return Ok(Vec::new());
}
let _query_id = self.generate_query_id(query_vector);
let query_f32 = query_vector.as_f32();
let chunk_size = std::cmp::max(candidate_vectors.len() / num_cpus::get(), 1);
let results: Result<Vec<Vec<QuantumSearchResult>>> = candidate_vectors
.par_chunks(chunk_size)
.map(|chunk| -> Result<Vec<QuantumSearchResult>> {
let mut chunk_results = Vec::new();
let mut quantum_state = QuantumState::new(self.config.superposition_states);
quantum_state.apply_superposition(&self.config);
quantum_state.create_entanglement(&self.config);
for (candidate_id, candidate_vector) in chunk {
let candidate_f32 = candidate_vector.as_f32();
let classical_similarity =
self.compute_cosine_similarity(&query_f32, &candidate_f32);
quantum_state.apply_interference(classical_similarity);
let tunneling_advantage = if self.config.enable_tunneling {
let barrier_height =
vec![1.0 - classical_similarity; self.config.superposition_states];
match quantum_state.enhanced_quantum_tunneling(&barrier_height) {
Ok(tunneling_states) => {
if tunneling_states.is_empty() {
0.0
} else {
tunneling_states.len() as f32
/ self.config.superposition_states as f32
}
}
Err(_) => 0.0,
}
} else {
0.0
};
let measured_states = quantum_state.measure(&self.config);
let quantum_probability = quantum_state.probabilities.iter().sum::<f32>()
/ quantum_state.probabilities.len() as f32;
let entanglement_score = self.compute_entanglement_score(&quantum_state);
let interference_pattern = self.compute_interference_pattern(&quantum_state);
let quantum_confidence =
self.compute_quantum_confidence(&quantum_state, &measured_states);
let quantum_enhancement = quantum_probability * 0.3
+ entanglement_score * 0.1
+ tunneling_advantage * 0.2;
let quantum_similarity = classical_similarity * (1.0 + quantum_enhancement);
chunk_results.push(QuantumSearchResult {
vector_id: candidate_id.clone(),
similarity: quantum_similarity,
quantum_probability,
entanglement_score,
interference_pattern,
tunneling_advantage,
quantum_confidence,
});
}
Ok(chunk_results)
})
.collect();
let mut all_results: Vec<QuantumSearchResult> = results?.into_iter().flatten().collect();
all_results.sort_by(|a, b| {
b.similarity
.partial_cmp(&a.similarity)
.unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal)
});
all_results.truncate(k);
{
let mut history = self
.search_history
.write()
.expect("search_history lock should not be poisoned");
history.extend(all_results.clone());
}
info!(
"Parallel quantum similarity search completed with {} results",
all_results.len()
);
Ok(all_results)
}
pub fn quantum_amplitude_amplification(
&self,
target_similarity: f32,
quantum_state: &mut QuantumState,
iterations: usize,
) -> Result<()> {
for iteration in 0..iterations {
for (i, &prob) in quantum_state.probabilities.iter().enumerate() {
if prob >= target_similarity {
quantum_state.amplitudes[i] *= -1.0; }
}
let average_amplitude: f32 = quantum_state.amplitudes.iter().sum::<f32>()
/ quantum_state.amplitudes.len() as f32;
for amplitude in &mut quantum_state.amplitudes {
*amplitude = 2.0 * average_amplitude - *amplitude;
}
quantum_state.normalize();
debug!(
"Amplitude amplification iteration {} completed",
iteration + 1
);
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn quantum_annealing_optimization(
&self,
cost_function: impl Fn(&[f32]) -> f32,
initial_state: &[f32],
temperature_schedule: &[f32],
) -> Result<Vec<f32>> {
let mut current_state = initial_state.to_vec();
let mut best_state = current_state.clone();
let mut best_cost = cost_function(¤t_state);
for &temperature in temperature_schedule {
for item in &mut current_state {
let quantum_fluctuation = self.generate_quantum_fluctuation(temperature);
*item += quantum_fluctuation;
}
let current_cost = cost_function(¤t_state);
let accept_prob = if current_cost < best_cost {
1.0
} else {
(-(current_cost - best_cost) / temperature).exp()
};
if self.generate_random() < accept_prob {
best_state = current_state.clone();
best_cost = current_cost;
}
debug!(
"Quantum annealing: temperature={}, cost={}",
temperature, current_cost
);
}
Ok(best_state)
}
pub fn get_quantum_statistics(&self) -> QuantumSearchStatistics {
let history = self
.search_history
.read()
.expect("search_history lock should not be poisoned");
let total_searches = history.len();
let avg_quantum_probability = if total_searches > 0 {
history.iter().map(|r| r.quantum_probability).sum::<f32>() / total_searches as f32
} else {
0.0
};
let avg_entanglement_score = if total_searches > 0 {
history.iter().map(|r| r.entanglement_score).sum::<f32>() / total_searches as f32
} else {
0.0
};
let avg_quantum_confidence = if total_searches > 0 {
history.iter().map(|r| r.quantum_confidence).sum::<f32>() / total_searches as f32
} else {
0.0
};
QuantumSearchStatistics {
total_searches,
avg_quantum_probability,
avg_entanglement_score,
avg_quantum_confidence,
superposition_states: self.config.superposition_states,
entanglement_strength: self.config.entanglement_strength,
}
}
fn generate_query_id(&self, vector: &Vector) -> String {
use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
for value in vector.as_f32() {
value.to_bits().hash(&mut hasher);
}
format!("quantum_query_{:x}", hasher.finish())
}
fn compute_cosine_similarity(&self, a: &[f32], b: &[f32]) -> f32 {
if a.len() != b.len() {
return 0.0;
}
let cosine_distance = f32::cosine_distance(a, b);
1.0 - cosine_distance
}
fn compute_entanglement_score(&self, quantum_state: &QuantumState) -> f32 {
let mut entanglement_score = 0.0;
let num_states = quantum_state.entanglement_matrix.len();
for i in 0..num_states {
for j in (i + 1)..num_states {
entanglement_score += quantum_state.entanglement_matrix[i][j].abs();
}
}
entanglement_score / (num_states * (num_states - 1) / 2) as f32
}
fn compute_interference_pattern(&self, quantum_state: &QuantumState) -> f32 {
let mut interference = 0.0;
for i in 0..quantum_state.amplitudes.len() {
let amplitude = quantum_state.amplitudes[i];
let phase = quantum_state.phases[i];
interference += amplitude * phase.cos();
}
interference / quantum_state.amplitudes.len() as f32
}
fn compute_quantum_confidence(
&self,
quantum_state: &QuantumState,
measured_states: &[usize],
) -> f32 {
if measured_states.is_empty() {
return 0.0;
}
let measured_probability: f32 = measured_states
.iter()
.map(|&i| quantum_state.probabilities[i])
.sum();
let max_probability = quantum_state
.probabilities
.iter()
.max_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal))
.unwrap_or(&0.0);
(measured_probability * max_probability).sqrt()
}
fn generate_quantum_fluctuation(&self, temperature: f32) -> f32 {
let mut rng = self.rng.write().expect("rng lock should not be poisoned");
let normal = Normal::new(0.0, temperature.sqrt()).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
Normal::new(0.0, 1.0).expect("fallback normal distribution parameters are valid")
});
normal.sample(&mut *rng)
}
#[allow(deprecated)]
fn generate_random(&self) -> f32 {
let mut rng = self.rng.write().expect("rng lock should not be poisoned");
rng.random_range(0.0..1.0)
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct QuantumSearchStatistics {
pub total_searches: usize,
pub avg_quantum_probability: f32,
pub avg_entanglement_score: f32,
pub avg_quantum_confidence: f32,
pub superposition_states: usize,
pub entanglement_strength: f32,
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_quantum_state_creation() {
let quantum_state = QuantumState::new(8);
assert_eq!(quantum_state.amplitudes.len(), 8);
assert_eq!(quantum_state.phases.len(), 8);
assert_eq!(quantum_state.entanglement_matrix.len(), 8);
assert_eq!(quantum_state.probabilities.len(), 8);
}
#[test]
fn test_quantum_superposition() {
let mut quantum_state = QuantumState::new(4);
let config = QuantumSearchConfig::default();
quantum_state.apply_superposition(&config);
let norm: f32 = quantum_state.amplitudes.iter().map(|a| a.powi(2)).sum();
assert!((norm - 1.0).abs() < 1e-6);
}
#[test]
fn test_quantum_entanglement() {
let mut quantum_state = QuantumState::new(4);
let config = QuantumSearchConfig::default();
quantum_state.create_entanglement(&config);
for i in 0..4 {
for j in 0..4 {
assert_eq!(
quantum_state.entanglement_matrix[i][j],
quantum_state.entanglement_matrix[j][i]
);
}
}
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_quantum_vector_search() -> Result<()> {
let quantum_search = QuantumVectorSearch::with_seed(QuantumSearchConfig::default(), 42);
let query_vector = Vector::new(vec![1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
let candidates = vec![
("vec1".to_string(), Vector::new(vec![0.9, 0.1, 0.0])),
("vec2".to_string(), Vector::new(vec![0.0, 1.0, 0.0])),
("vec3".to_string(), Vector::new(vec![0.8, 0.0, 0.6])),
];
let results = quantum_search
.quantum_similarity_search(&query_vector, &candidates, 2)
.await?;
assert_eq!(results.len(), 2);
assert!(results[0].similarity >= results[1].similarity);
assert!(results[0].quantum_confidence >= 0.0);
assert!(results[0].quantum_confidence <= 1.0);
Ok(())
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn test_parallel_quantum_vector_search() -> Result<()> {
let quantum_search = QuantumVectorSearch::with_seed(QuantumSearchConfig::default(), 42);
let query_vector = Vector::new(vec![1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
let candidates = vec![
("vec1".to_string(), Vector::new(vec![0.9, 0.1, 0.0])),
("vec2".to_string(), Vector::new(vec![0.0, 1.0, 0.0])),
("vec3".to_string(), Vector::new(vec![0.8, 0.0, 0.6])),
("vec4".to_string(), Vector::new(vec![0.7, 0.7, 0.0])),
("vec5".to_string(), Vector::new(vec![0.5, 0.5, 0.7])),
];
let results = quantum_search
.parallel_quantum_similarity_search(&query_vector, &candidates, 3)
.await?;
assert_eq!(results.len(), 3);
assert!(results[0].similarity >= results[1].similarity);
assert!(results[1].similarity >= results[2].similarity);
assert!(results[0].quantum_confidence >= 0.0);
assert!(results[0].quantum_confidence <= 1.0);
Ok(())
}
#[test]
fn test_quantum_amplitude_amplification() {
let quantum_search = QuantumVectorSearch::with_default_config();
let mut quantum_state = QuantumState::new(8);
let result = quantum_search.quantum_amplitude_amplification(0.5, &mut quantum_state, 3);
assert!(result.is_ok());
let norm: f32 = quantum_state.amplitudes.iter().map(|a| a.powi(2)).sum();
assert!((norm - 1.0).abs() < 1e-6);
}
#[test]
fn test_quantum_annealing() -> Result<()> {
let quantum_search = QuantumVectorSearch::with_default_config();
let cost_fn = |state: &[f32]| -> f32 { state.iter().map(|x| (x - 0.5).powi(2)).sum() };
let initial_state = vec![0.0, 1.0, 0.2];
let temperature_schedule = vec![1.0, 0.5, 0.1];
let result = quantum_search.quantum_annealing_optimization(
cost_fn,
&initial_state,
&temperature_schedule,
);
assert!(result.is_ok());
let optimized_state = result?;
assert_eq!(optimized_state.len(), initial_state.len());
Ok(())
}
#[test]
fn test_quantum_tunneling() {
let mut quantum_state = QuantumState::new(8);
let tunneling_states = quantum_state.quantum_tunneling(0.8);
assert!(tunneling_states.len() <= 8);
for state in tunneling_states {
assert!(state < 8);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_quantum_measurement() {
let mut quantum_state = QuantumState::new(4);
let config = QuantumSearchConfig::default();
quantum_state.amplitudes = vec![0.6, 0.4, 0.3, 0.5];
quantum_state.normalize();
let measured_states = quantum_state.measure(&config);
assert!(!measured_states.is_empty());
for state in measured_states {
assert!(state < 4);
}
}
#[test]
fn test_enhanced_quantum_tunneling() -> Result<()> {
let mut quantum_state = QuantumState::new(8);
quantum_state.amplitudes = vec![0.3, 0.4, 0.2, 0.5, 0.1, 0.6, 0.3, 0.4];
quantum_state.normalize();
let barrier_profile = vec![0.9, 0.1, 0.8, 0.2, 0.7, 0.3, 0.6, 0.4];
let tunneling_result = quantum_state.enhanced_quantum_tunneling(&barrier_profile);
assert!(tunneling_result.is_ok());
let tunneling_states = tunneling_result?;
assert!(!tunneling_states.is_empty());
for state in tunneling_states {
assert!(state < 8);
}
Ok(())
}
#[test]
fn test_quantum_statistics() {
let quantum_search = QuantumVectorSearch::with_default_config();
let stats = quantum_search.get_quantum_statistics();
assert_eq!(stats.total_searches, 0);
assert_eq!(stats.superposition_states, 64);
assert_eq!(stats.entanglement_strength, 0.7);
}
}