open62541-sys 0.6.1

/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 *
 *    Copyright 2019 (c) Fraunhofer IOSB (Author: Klaus Schick)
 *    Copyright 2019, 2025 (c) Fraunhofer IOSB (Author: Julius Pfrommer)
 *    Copyright 2026 (c) o6 Automation GmbH (Author: Julius Pfrommer)
 */

#include "ua_server_internal.h"

/* The layout of the results array is is:
 * [results-array] | padding | UA_AsyncResponse | padding | [UA_AsyncOperation]
 *
 * We need to take care about memory alignment (padding). */
static void *
allocateResultsArray(const UA_DataType *resultsType, size_t resultsLen,
                     UA_AsyncResponse **resp, UA_AsyncOperation **ops) {
    uintptr_t align = sizeof(size_t);
    size_t arrEnd = resultsType->memSize * resultsLen;
    uintptr_t responseBegin = (arrEnd + align - 1) & ~(align - 1);
    uintptr_t responseEnd = responseBegin + sizeof(UA_AsyncResponse);
    uintptr_t opsBegin = (responseEnd + align - 1) & ~(align - 1);
    uintptr_t opsEnd =  opsBegin + (sizeof(UA_AsyncOperation) * resultsLen);
    void *arr = UA_calloc(1, opsEnd);
    if(!arr)
        return NULL;
    uintptr_t arrMem = (uintptr_t)arr;
    *resp = (UA_AsyncResponse*)(arrMem + responseBegin);
    *ops = (UA_AsyncOperation*)(arrMem + opsBegin);
    return arr;
}

/* Cancel the operation, but don't _clear it here */
static void
UA_AsyncOperation_cancel(UA_Server *server, UA_AsyncOperation *op,
                         UA_StatusCode opstatus) {
    UA_ServerConfig *sc = &server->config;
    void *cancelPtr = NULL;

    /* Set the status and get the pointer that identifies the operation */
    switch(op->asyncOperationType) {
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_READ_REQUEST:
        cancelPtr = op->output.read;
        op->output.read->hasStatus = true;
        op->output.read->status = opstatus;
        break;
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_READ_DIRECT:
        cancelPtr = &op->output.directRead;
        op->output.directRead.hasStatus = true;
        op->output.directRead.status = opstatus;
        break;
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_WRITE_REQUEST:
        cancelPtr = &op->context.writeValue.value;
        *op->output.write = opstatus;
        break;
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_WRITE_DIRECT:
        cancelPtr = &op->context.writeValue.value;
        op->output.directWrite = opstatus;
        break;
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_REQUEST:
        /* outputArguments is always an allocated pointer, also if the length is zero */
        cancelPtr = op->output.call->outputArguments;
        op->output.call->statusCode = opstatus;
        break;
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_DIRECT:
        /* outputArguments is always an allocated pointer, also if the length is zero */
        cancelPtr = op->output.directCall.outputArguments;
        op->output.directCall.statusCode = opstatus;
        break;
    default: UA_assert(false); return;
    }

    /* Notify the application that it must no longer set the async result */
    if(sc->asyncOperationCancelCallback)
        sc->asyncOperationCancelCallback(server, cancelPtr);
}

static void
UA_AsyncOperation_delete(UA_AsyncOperation *op) {
    UA_assert(op->asyncOperationType >= UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_DIRECT);
    switch(op->asyncOperationType) {
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_READ_DIRECT:
        UA_DataValue_clear(&op->output.directRead);
        break;
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_WRITE_DIRECT:
        break;
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_DIRECT:
        UA_CallMethodResult_clear(&op->output.directCall);
        break;
    default: UA_assert(false); break;
    }
    UA_free(op);
}

static void
UA_AsyncResponse_delete(UA_AsyncResponse *ar) {
    UA_NodeId_clear(&ar->sessionId);

    /* Clean up the results array last. Because the results array memory also
     * includes ar. */
    void *arr = NULL;
    size_t arrSize = 0;
    const UA_DataType *arrType;
    if(ar->responseType == &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_CALLRESPONSE]) {
        arr = ar->response.callResponse.results;
        arrSize = ar->response.callResponse.resultsSize;
        ar->response.callResponse.results = NULL;
        ar->response.callResponse.resultsSize = 0;
        arrType = &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_CALLMETHODRESULT];
    } else if(ar->responseType == &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_READRESPONSE]) {
        arr = ar->response.readResponse.results;
        arrSize = ar->response.readResponse.resultsSize;
        ar->response.readResponse.results = NULL;
        ar->response.readResponse.resultsSize = 0;
        arrType = &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_DATAVALUE];
    } else /* if(ar->responseType == &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_WRITERESPONSE]) */ {
        UA_assert(ar->responseType == &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_WRITERESPONSE]);
        arr = ar->response.writeResponse.results;
        arrSize = ar->response.writeResponse.resultsSize;
        ar->response.writeResponse.results = NULL;
        ar->response.writeResponse.resultsSize = 0;
        arrType = &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_STATUSCODE];
    }
    UA_clear(&ar->response.callResponse, ar->responseType);
    UA_Array_delete(arr, arrSize, arrType);
}

static void
notifyServiceEnd(UA_Server *server, UA_AsyncResponse *ar,
                 UA_Session *session, UA_SecureChannel *sc) {
    /* Nothing to do? */
    UA_ServerConfig *config = UA_Server_getConfig(server);
    if(!config->globalNotificationCallback && !config->serviceNotificationCallback)
        return;

    /* Collect the payload */
    UA_NodeId sessionId = (session) ? session->sessionId : UA_NODEID_NULL;
    UA_UInt32 secureChannelId = (sc) ? sc->securityToken.channelId : 0;
    UA_NodeId serviceTypeId;
    if(ar->responseType == &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_CALLRESPONSE]) {
        serviceTypeId = UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_CALLREQUEST].typeId;
    } else if(ar->responseType == &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_READRESPONSE]) {
        serviceTypeId = UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_READREQUEST].typeId;
    } else /* if(ar->responseType == &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_WRITERESPONSE]) */ {
        serviceTypeId = UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_WRITEREQUEST].typeId;
    }

    /* Notify the application */
    static UA_THREAD_LOCAL UA_KeyValuePair notifyPayload[4] = {
        {{0, UA_STRING_STATIC("securechannel-id")}, {0}},
        {{0, UA_STRING_STATIC("session-id")}, {0}},
        {{0, UA_STRING_STATIC("request-id")}, {0}},
        {{0, UA_STRING_STATIC("service-type")}, {0}}
    };
    UA_KeyValueMap notifyPayloadMap = {4, notifyPayload};
    if(config->serviceNotificationCallback || config->globalNotificationCallback) {
        UA_Variant_setScalar(&notifyPayload[0].value, &secureChannelId,
                             &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_UINT32]);
        UA_Variant_setScalar(&notifyPayload[1].value, &sessionId,
                             &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_NODEID]);
        UA_Variant_setScalar(&notifyPayload[2].value, &ar->requestId,
                             &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_UINT32]);
        UA_Variant_setScalar(&notifyPayload[3].value, &serviceTypeId,
                             &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_NODEID]);
    }

    UA_ApplicationNotificationType nt = UA_APPLICATIONNOTIFICATIONTYPE_SERVICE_END;
    if(config->serviceNotificationCallback)
        config->serviceNotificationCallback(server, nt, notifyPayloadMap);
    if(config->globalNotificationCallback)
        config->globalNotificationCallback(server, nt, notifyPayloadMap);
}

static void
sendAsyncResponse(UA_Server *server, UA_AsyncResponse *ar) {
    UA_assert(ar->opCountdown == 0);

    /* Get the session */
    UA_Session *session = getSessionById(server, &ar->sessionId);
    UA_SecureChannel *channel = (session) ? session->channel : NULL;

    /* Notify that processing the service has ended */
    notifyServiceEnd(server, ar, session, channel);

    /* Check the session */
    if(!session) {
        UA_LOG_WARNING(server->config.logging, UA_LOGCATEGORY_SERVER,
                       "Async Service: Session %N no longer exists", ar->sessionId);
        return;
    }

    /* Check the channel */
    if(!channel) {
        UA_LOG_WARNING_SESSION(server->config.logging, session,
                               "Async Service Response cannot be sent. "
                               "No SecureChannel for the session.");
        return;
    }

    /* Set the request handle */
    UA_ResponseHeader *responseHeader = (UA_ResponseHeader*)
        &ar->response.callResponse.responseHeader;
    responseHeader->requestHandle = ar->requestHandle;

    /* Send the Response */
    UA_StatusCode res = sendResponse(server, channel, ar->requestId,
                                     (UA_Response*)&ar->response, ar->responseType);
    if(res != UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD) {
        UA_LOG_WARNING_SESSION(server->config.logging, session,
                               "Async Response for Req# %" PRIu32 " failed "
                               "with StatusCode %s", ar->requestId,
                               UA_StatusCode_name(res));
    }
}

static void
directOpCallback(UA_Server *server, UA_AsyncOperation *op) {
    switch(op->asyncOperationType) {
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_READ_DIRECT:
        op->handling.callback.method.read(server,
                                          op->handling.callback.context,
                                          &op->output.directRead);
        break;
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_WRITE_DIRECT:
        op->handling.callback.method.write(server,
                                           op->handling.callback.context,
                                           op->output.directWrite);
        break;
    case UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_DIRECT:
        op->handling.callback.method.call(server,
                                          op->handling.callback.context,
                                          &op->output.directCall);
        break;
    default: UA_assert(false); break;
    }
}

/* Called from the EventLoop via a delayed callback */
static void
UA_AsyncManager_processReady(UA_Server *server, UA_AsyncManager *am) {
    lockServer(server);

    /* Reset the delayed callback */
    UA_atomic_xchg((void**)&am->dc.callback, NULL);

    /* Process ready direct operations and free them */
    UA_AsyncOperation *op = NULL, *op_tmp = NULL;
    TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(op, &am->readyOps, pointers, op_tmp) {
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&am->readyOps, op, pointers);
        am->opsCount--;
        directOpCallback(server, op);
        UA_AsyncOperation_delete(op);
    }

    /* Send out ready responses */
    UA_AsyncResponse *ar, *temp;
    TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(ar, &am->readyResponses, pointers, temp) {
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&am->readyResponses, ar, pointers);
        sendAsyncResponse(server, ar);
        UA_AsyncResponse_delete(ar);
    }

    unlockServer(server);
}

static void
processOperationResult(UA_Server *server, UA_AsyncOperation *op) {
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    if(op->asyncOperationType >= UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_DIRECT) {
        /* Direct operation */
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&am->waitingOps, op, pointers);
        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&am->readyOps, op, pointers);
    } else {
        /* Part of a service request */
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&am->waitingOps, op, pointers);
        am->opsCount--;

        UA_AsyncResponse *ar = op->handling.response;
        ar->opCountdown -= 1;
        if(ar->opCountdown > 0)
            return;

        /* Enqueue ar in the readyResponses */
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&am->waitingResponses, ar, pointers);
        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&am->readyResponses, ar, pointers);
    }

    /* Trigger the main server thread to handle ready operations and responses */
    if(am->dc.callback == NULL) {
        UA_EventLoop *el = server->config.eventLoop;
        am->dc.callback = (UA_Callback)UA_AsyncManager_processReady;
        am->dc.application = server;
        am->dc.context = am;
        el->addDelayedCallback(el, &am->dc);
        el->cancel(el); /* Wake up the EventLoop if currently waiting in select() */
    }
}

/* Check if any operations have timed out */
static void
checkTimeouts(UA_Server *server, void *_) {
    /* Timeouts are not configured */
    if(server->config.asyncOperationTimeout <= 0.0)
        return;

    lockServer(server);

    UA_EventLoop *el = server->config.eventLoop;
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    const UA_DateTime tNow = el->dateTime_nowMonotonic(el);

    /* Loop over the waiting ops */
    UA_AsyncOperation *op = NULL, *op_tmp = NULL;
    TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(op, &am->waitingOps, pointers, op_tmp) {
        /* Check the timeout */
        if(op->asyncOperationType <= UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_WRITE_REQUEST) {
            if(tNow <= op->handling.response->timeout)
                continue;
        } else {
            if(tNow <= op->handling.callback.timeout)
                continue;
        }

        UA_LOG_WARNING(server->config.logging, UA_LOGCATEGORY_SERVER,
                       "Operation was removed due to a timeout");

        /* Mark operation as timed out integrate */
        UA_AsyncOperation_cancel(server, op, UA_STATUSCODE_BADTIMEOUT);
        processOperationResult(server, op);
    }

    unlockServer(server);
}

void
UA_AsyncManager_init(UA_AsyncManager *am, UA_Server *server) {
    memset(am, 0, sizeof(UA_AsyncManager));
    TAILQ_INIT(&am->waitingResponses);
    TAILQ_INIT(&am->readyResponses);
    TAILQ_INIT(&am->waitingOps);
    TAILQ_INIT(&am->readyOps);
}

void UA_AsyncManager_start(UA_AsyncManager *am, UA_Server *server) {
    /* Add a regular callback for cleanup and sending finished responses at a
     * 1s interval. */
    UA_StatusCode res = addRepeatedCallback(server, (UA_ServerCallback)checkTimeouts,
                    NULL, 1000.0, &am->checkTimeoutCallbackId);
    if(res != UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD) {
        UA_LOG_WARNING(server->config.logging, UA_LOGCATEGORY_SERVER,
                    "Failed to register async timeout callback. "
                    "Async operations will not be cleaned up on timeout. StatusCode: %s",
                    UA_StatusCode_name(res));
        am->checkTimeoutCallbackId = 0;
    }
}

void UA_AsyncManager_stop(UA_AsyncManager *am, UA_Server *server) {
    removeCallback(server, am->checkTimeoutCallbackId);
    if(am->dc.callback) {
        UA_EventLoop *el = server->config.eventLoop;
        el->removeDelayedCallback(el, &am->dc);
    }
}

void
UA_AsyncManager_clear(UA_AsyncManager *am, UA_Server *server) {
    UA_LOCK_ASSERT(&server->serviceMutex);

    /* Cancel all operations. This moves all operations and responses into the
     * ready state. */
    UA_AsyncOperation *op, *op_tmp;
    TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(op, &am->waitingOps, pointers, op_tmp) {
        UA_AsyncOperation_cancel(server, op, UA_STATUSCODE_BADSHUTDOWN);
        processOperationResult(server, op);
    }

    /* This sends out/notifies and removes all direct operations and async requests */
    UA_AsyncManager_processReady(server, am);
    UA_assert(am->opsCount == 0);
}

UA_UInt32
UA_AsyncManager_cancel(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session, UA_UInt32 requestHandle) {
    UA_LOCK_ASSERT(&server->serviceMutex);

    /* Loop over all waiting operations */
    UA_UInt32 count = 0;
    UA_AsyncOperation *op, *op_tmp;
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(op, &am->waitingOps, pointers, op_tmp) {
        UA_AsyncResponse *ar = op->handling.response;
        if(ar->requestHandle != requestHandle ||
           !UA_NodeId_equal(&session->sessionId, &ar->sessionId))
            continue;

        count++; /* Found a matching request */

        /* Set the status of the overall response */
        ar->response.callResponse.responseHeader.serviceResult =
            UA_STATUSCODE_BADREQUESTCANCELLEDBYCLIENT;

        /* Notify, set operation status and integrate */
        UA_AsyncOperation_cancel(server, op, UA_STATUSCODE_BADOPERATIONABANDONED);
        processOperationResult(server, op);
    }

    return count;
}

static void
persistAsyncResponse(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session,
                     void *response, UA_AsyncResponse *ar) {
    UA_LOCK_ASSERT(&server->serviceMutex);
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;

    /* Pending results, attach the AsyncResponse to the AsyncManager. RequestId
     * and -Handle are set in the AsyncManager before processing the request. */
    ar->requestId = am->currentRequestId;
    ar->requestHandle = am->currentRequestHandle;
    ar->sessionId = session->sessionId;
    ar->timeout = UA_INT64_MAX;

    UA_EventLoop *el = server->config.eventLoop;
    if(server->config.asyncOperationTimeout > 0.0)
        ar->timeout = el->dateTime_nowMonotonic(el) + (UA_DateTime)
            (server->config.asyncOperationTimeout * (UA_DateTime)UA_DATETIME_MSEC);

    /* Move the response content to the AsyncResponse */
    memcpy(&ar->response, response, ar->responseType->memSize);
    UA_init(response, ar->responseType);

    /* Enqueue the ar */
    TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&am->waitingResponses, ar, pointers);
}

static void
persistAsyncResponseOperation(UA_Server *server, UA_AsyncOperation *op,
                              UA_AsyncOperationType opType, UA_AsyncResponse *ar,
                              void *outputPtr) {
    /* Set up the async operation */
    op->asyncOperationType = opType;
    op->handling.response = ar;
    op->output.read = (UA_DataValue*)outputPtr;

    /* Not enough resources to store the async operation */
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    if(server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize != 0 &&
       am->opsCount >= server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize) {
        UA_LOG_WARNING(server->config.logging, UA_LOGCATEGORY_SERVER,
                       "Cannot create async operation: Queue exceeds limit (%d).",
                       (int unsigned)server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize);
        /* No need to call processOperationResult or UA_AsyncOperation_delete
         * here. The response already has the status code integrated. */
        UA_AsyncOperation_cancel(server, op, UA_STATUSCODE_BADTOOMANYOPERATIONS);
        return;
    }

    /* Enqueue the asyncop in the async manager */
    TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&am->waitingOps, op, pointers);
    ar->opCountdown++;
    am->opsCount++;
}

static UA_StatusCode
persistAsyncDirectOperation(UA_Server *server, UA_AsyncOperation *op,
                            UA_AsyncOperationType opType, void *context,
                            uintptr_t callback, UA_DateTime timeout) {
    /* Set up the async operation */
    op->asyncOperationType = opType;
    op->handling.callback.timeout = timeout;
    op->handling.callback.context = context;
    op->handling.callback.method.read = (UA_ServerAsyncReadResultCallback)callback;

    /* Not enough resources to store the async operation */
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    if(server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize != 0 &&
       am->opsCount >= server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize) {
        UA_LOG_WARNING(server->config.logging, UA_LOGCATEGORY_SERVER,
                       "Cannot create async operation: Queue exceeds limit (%d).",
                       (int unsigned)server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize);
        UA_AsyncOperation_cancel(server, op, UA_STATUSCODE_BADTOOMANYOPERATIONS);
        UA_AsyncOperation_delete(op);
        return UA_STATUSCODE_BADTOOMANYOPERATIONS;
    }

    /* Enqueue the asyncop in the async manager */
    TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&am->waitingOps, op, pointers);
    am->opsCount++;
    return UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD;
}

void
async_cancel(UA_Server *server, void *context, UA_StatusCode opstatus,
             UA_Boolean cancelSynchronous) {
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    UA_AsyncOperation *op = NULL, *op_tmp = NULL;

    /* Cancel operations that are still waiting for the result */
    TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(op, &am->waitingOps, pointers, op_tmp) {
        if(op->handling.callback.context != context)
            continue;

        /* Cancel the operation. This sets the StatusCode and calls the
         * asyncOperationCancelCallback. */
        UA_AsyncOperation_cancel(server, op, opstatus);

        /* Call the result-callback of the local async operation.
         * Right away or in the next EventLoop iteration. */
        if(cancelSynchronous) {
            TAILQ_REMOVE(&am->waitingOps, op, pointers);
            am->opsCount--;
            directOpCallback(server, op);
            UA_AsyncOperation_delete(op);
        } else {
            processOperationResult(server, op);
        }
    }

    /* All "ready" operations get processed in the next EventLoop iteration anyway */
    if(!cancelSynchronous)
        return;

    /* Process matching ready operations synchronously and delete them */
    TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(op, &am->readyOps, pointers, op_tmp) {
        if(op->handling.callback.context != context)
            continue;
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&am->readyOps, op, pointers);
        am->opsCount--;
        directOpCallback(server, op);
        UA_AsyncOperation_delete(op);
    }
}

void
UA_Server_cancelAsync(UA_Server *server, void *context, UA_StatusCode opstatus,
                      UA_Boolean synchronousResultCallback) {
    lockServer(server);
    async_cancel(server, context, opstatus, synchronousResultCallback);
    unlockServer(server);
}

/********/
/* Read */
/********/

UA_Boolean
Service_Read(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session, const UA_ReadRequest *request,
             UA_ReadResponse *response) {
    UA_LOG_DEBUG_SESSION(server->config.logging, session, "Processing ReadRequest");
    UA_LOCK_ASSERT(&server->serviceMutex);

    /* Check if the timestampstoreturn is valid */
    if(request->timestampsToReturn > UA_TIMESTAMPSTORETURN_NEITHER) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADTIMESTAMPSTORETURNINVALID;
        return true;
    }

    /* Check if maxAge is valid */
    if(request->maxAge < 0) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADMAXAGEINVALID;
        return true;
    }

    /* Check if there are too many operations */
    if(server->config.maxNodesPerRead != 0 &&
       request->nodesToReadSize > server->config.maxNodesPerRead) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADTOOMANYOPERATIONS;
        return true;
    }

    /* Check if there are no operations */
    if(request->nodesToReadSize == 0) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADNOTHINGTODO;
        return true;
    }

    /* Allocate the results array */
    UA_AsyncResponse *ar = NULL;
    UA_AsyncOperation *aopArray = NULL;
    response->results = (UA_DataValue*)
        allocateResultsArray(&UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_DATAVALUE],
                             request->nodesToReadSize, &ar, &aopArray);
    if(!response->results) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADOUTOFMEMORY;
        return true;
    }
    response->resultsSize = request->nodesToReadSize;

    /* Execute the operations */
    for(size_t i = 0; i < request->nodesToReadSize; i++) {
        UA_Boolean done = Operation_Read(server, session, request->timestampsToReturn,
                                         &request->nodesToRead[i], &response->results[i]);
        if(!done)
            persistAsyncResponseOperation(server, &aopArray[i],
                                          UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_READ_REQUEST,
                                          ar, &response->results[i]);
    }

    /* If async operations are pending, persist them and signal the service is
     * not done */
    if(ar->opCountdown > 0) {
        ar->responseType = &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_READRESPONSE];
        persistAsyncResponse(server, session, response, ar);
    }
    return (ar->opCountdown == 0);
}

UA_StatusCode
read_async(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session, const UA_ReadValueId *operation,
           UA_TimestampsToReturn ttr, UA_ServerAsyncReadResultCallback callback,
           void *context, UA_UInt32 timeout) {
    /* Allocate the async operation. Do this first as we need the pointer to the
     * datavalue to be stable.*/
    UA_AsyncOperation *op = (UA_AsyncOperation*)UA_calloc(1, sizeof(UA_AsyncOperation));
    if(!op)
        return UA_STATUSCODE_BADOUTOFMEMORY;

    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    if(server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize != 0 &&
       am->opsCount >= server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize) {
        UA_free(op);
        return UA_STATUSCODE_BADTOOMANYOPERATIONS;
    }

    UA_DateTime timeoutDate = UA_INT64_MAX;
    if(timeout > 0) {
        UA_EventLoop *el = server->config.eventLoop;
        const UA_DateTime tNow = el->dateTime_nowMonotonic(el);
        timeoutDate = tNow + (timeout * UA_DATETIME_MSEC);
    }

    /* Call the operation */
    UA_Boolean done = Operation_Read(server, session, ttr, operation, &op->output.directRead);
    if(!done)
        return persistAsyncDirectOperation(server, op, UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_READ_DIRECT,
                                           context, (uintptr_t)callback, timeoutDate);

    callback(server, context, &op->output.directRead);
    UA_DataValue_clear(&op->output.directRead);
    UA_free(op);
    return UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD;
}

UA_StatusCode
UA_Server_read_async(UA_Server *server, const UA_ReadValueId *operation,
                     UA_TimestampsToReturn ttr, UA_ServerAsyncReadResultCallback callback,
                     void *context, UA_UInt32 timeout) {
    lockServer(server);
    UA_StatusCode res = read_async(server, &server->adminSession, operation,
                                   ttr, callback, context, timeout);
    unlockServer(server);
    return res;
}

UA_StatusCode
UA_Server_setAsyncReadResult(UA_Server *server, UA_DataValue *result) {
    lockServer(server);
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    UA_AsyncOperation *op = NULL;
    TAILQ_FOREACH(op, &am->waitingOps, pointers) {
        if(op->output.read == result || &op->output.directRead == result) {
            processOperationResult(server, op);
            break;
        }
    }
    unlockServer(server);
    return (op) ? UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD : UA_STATUSCODE_BADNOTFOUND;
}

/*********/
/* Write */
/*********/

UA_Boolean
Service_Write(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session,
              const UA_WriteRequest *request, UA_WriteResponse *response) {
    UA_assert(session != NULL);
    UA_LOG_DEBUG_SESSION(server->config.logging, session,
                         "Processing WriteRequest");
    UA_LOCK_ASSERT(&server->serviceMutex);

    if(server->config.maxNodesPerWrite != 0 &&
       request->nodesToWriteSize > server->config.maxNodesPerWrite) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADTOOMANYOPERATIONS;
        return true;
    }

    if(request->nodesToWriteSize == 0) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADNOTHINGTODO;
        return true;
    }

    /* Allocate the results array */
    UA_AsyncResponse *ar = NULL;
    UA_AsyncOperation *aopArray = NULL;
    response->results = (UA_StatusCode*)
        allocateResultsArray(&UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_STATUSCODE],
                             request->nodesToWriteSize, &ar, &aopArray);
    if(!response->results) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADOUTOFMEMORY;
        return true;
    }
    response->resultsSize = request->nodesToWriteSize;

    /* Execute the operations */
    for(size_t i = 0; i < request->nodesToWriteSize; i++) {
        /* Ensure a stable pointer for the writevalue. Doesn't get written to,
         * just used for the lookup of the async operation later on.
         * The original writeValue might be _clear'ed before the lookup. */
        UA_AsyncOperation *aop = &aopArray[i];
        aop->context.writeValue = request->nodesToWrite[i];
        UA_Boolean done = Operation_Write(server, session, &aop->context.writeValue,
                                          &response->results[i]);
        if(!done)
            persistAsyncResponseOperation(server, aop, UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_WRITE_REQUEST,
                                          ar, &response->results[i]);
    }

    /* If async operations are pending, persist them and signal the service is
     * not done */
    if(ar->opCountdown > 0) {
        ar->responseType = &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_WRITERESPONSE];
        persistAsyncResponse(server, session, response, ar);
    }
    return (ar->opCountdown == 0);
}

UA_StatusCode
write_async(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session, const UA_WriteValue *operation,
            UA_ServerAsyncWriteResultCallback callback, void *context,
            UA_UInt32 timeout) {
    /* Allocate the async operation. Do this first as we need the pointer to the
     * datavalue to be stable.*/
    UA_AsyncOperation *op = (UA_AsyncOperation*)UA_calloc(1, sizeof(UA_AsyncOperation));
    if(!op)
        return UA_STATUSCODE_BADOUTOFMEMORY;

    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    if(server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize != 0 &&
       am->opsCount >= server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize) {
        UA_free(op);
        return UA_STATUSCODE_BADTOOMANYOPERATIONS;
    }

    UA_DateTime timeoutDate = UA_INT64_MAX;
    if(timeout > 0) {
        UA_EventLoop *el = server->config.eventLoop;
        const UA_DateTime tNow = el->dateTime_nowMonotonic(el);
        timeoutDate = tNow + (timeout * UA_DATETIME_MSEC);
    }

    /* Call the operation */
    op->context.writeValue = *operation; /* Stable pointer */
    UA_Boolean done = Operation_Write(server, session, &op->context.writeValue,
                                      &op->output.directWrite);
    if(!done)
        return persistAsyncDirectOperation(server, op, UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_WRITE_DIRECT,
                                           context, (uintptr_t)callback, timeoutDate);

    /* Done, return right away */
    callback(server, context, op->output.directWrite);
    UA_free(op);
    return UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD;
}

UA_StatusCode
UA_Server_write_async(UA_Server *server, const UA_WriteValue *operation,
                      UA_ServerAsyncWriteResultCallback callback,
                      void *context, UA_UInt32 timeout) {
    lockServer(server);
    UA_StatusCode res = write_async(server, &server->adminSession, operation,
                                    callback, context, timeout);
    unlockServer(server);
    return res;
}

UA_StatusCode
UA_Server_setAsyncWriteResult(UA_Server *server,
                              const UA_DataValue *value,
                              UA_StatusCode result) {
    lockServer(server);
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    UA_AsyncOperation *op = NULL;
    TAILQ_FOREACH(op, &am->waitingOps, pointers) {
        if(&op->context.writeValue.value == value) {
            if(op->asyncOperationType == UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_WRITE_REQUEST)
                *op->output.write = result;
            else
                op->output.directWrite = result;
            processOperationResult(server, op);
            break;
        }
    }
    unlockServer(server);
    return (op) ? UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD : UA_STATUSCODE_BADNOTFOUND;
}

/********/
/* Call */
/********/

#ifdef UA_ENABLE_METHODCALLS
UA_Boolean
Service_Call(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session,
             const UA_CallRequest *request, UA_CallResponse *response) {
    UA_LOG_DEBUG_SESSION(server->config.logging, session, "Processing CallRequest");
    UA_LOCK_ASSERT(&server->serviceMutex);

    if(server->config.maxNodesPerMethodCall != 0 &&
        request->methodsToCallSize > server->config.maxNodesPerMethodCall) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADTOOMANYOPERATIONS;
        return true;
    }

    if(request->methodsToCallSize == 0) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADNOTHINGTODO;
        return true;
    }

    /* Allocate the results array */
    UA_AsyncResponse *ar = NULL;
    UA_AsyncOperation *aopArray = NULL;
    response->results = (UA_CallMethodResult*)
        allocateResultsArray(&UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_CALLMETHODRESULT],
                             request->methodsToCallSize, &ar, &aopArray);
    if(!response->results) {
        response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADOUTOFMEMORY;
        return true;
    }
    response->resultsSize = request->methodsToCallSize;

    /* Execute the operations */
    for(size_t i = 0; i < request->methodsToCallSize; i++) {
        UA_Boolean done = Operation_CallMethod(server, session, &request->methodsToCall[i],
                                               &response->results[i]);
        if(!done)
            persistAsyncResponseOperation(server, &aopArray[i],
                                          UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_REQUEST,
                                          ar, &response->results[i]);
    }

    /* If async operations are pending, persist them and signal the service is
     * not done */
    if(ar->opCountdown > 0) {
        ar->responseType = &UA_TYPES[UA_TYPES_CALLRESPONSE];
        persistAsyncResponse(server, session, response, ar);
    }
    return (ar->opCountdown == 0);
}

UA_StatusCode
call_async(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session, const UA_CallMethodRequest *operation,
           UA_ServerAsyncMethodResultCallback callback, void *context,
           UA_UInt32 timeout) {
    /* Allocate the async operation. Do this first as we need the pointer to the
     * datavalue to be stable.*/
    UA_AsyncOperation *op = (UA_AsyncOperation*)UA_calloc(1, sizeof(UA_AsyncOperation));
    if(!op)
        return UA_STATUSCODE_BADOUTOFMEMORY;

    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    if(server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize != 0 &&
       am->opsCount >= server->config.maxAsyncOperationQueueSize) {
        UA_free(op);
        return UA_STATUSCODE_BADTOOMANYOPERATIONS;
    }

    UA_DateTime timeoutDate = UA_INT64_MAX;
    if(timeout > 0) {
        UA_EventLoop *el = server->config.eventLoop;
        const UA_DateTime tNow = el->dateTime_nowMonotonic(el);
        timeoutDate = tNow + (timeout * UA_DATETIME_MSEC);
    }

    /* Call the operation */
    UA_Boolean done = Operation_CallMethod(server, session, operation,
                                           &op->output.directCall);
    if(!done)
        return persistAsyncDirectOperation(server, op, UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_DIRECT,
                                           context, (uintptr_t)callback, timeoutDate);

    /* Done, return right away */
    callback(server, context, &op->output.directCall);
    UA_CallMethodResult_clear(&op->output.directCall);
    UA_free(op);
    return UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD;
}

UA_StatusCode
UA_Server_call_async(UA_Server *server, const UA_CallMethodRequest *operation,
                     UA_ServerAsyncMethodResultCallback callback,
                     void *context, UA_UInt32 timeout) {
    lockServer(server);
    UA_StatusCode res =
        call_async(server, &server->adminSession, operation, callback, context, timeout);
    unlockServer(server);
    return res;
}

UA_StatusCode
UA_Server_setAsyncCallMethodResult(UA_Server *server, UA_Variant *output,
                                   UA_StatusCode result) {
    lockServer(server);
    UA_AsyncManager *am = &server->asyncManager;
    UA_AsyncOperation *op = NULL;
    TAILQ_FOREACH(op, &am->waitingOps, pointers) {
        if(op->asyncOperationType == UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_REQUEST) {
            if(op->output.call->outputArguments == output) {
                op->output.call->statusCode = result;
                processOperationResult(server, op);
                break;
            }
        } else if(op->asyncOperationType == UA_ASYNCOPERATIONTYPE_CALL_DIRECT) {
            if(op->output.directCall.outputArguments == output) {
                op->output.directCall.statusCode = result;
                processOperationResult(server, op);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    unlockServer(server);
    return (op) ? UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD : UA_STATUSCODE_BADNOTFOUND;
}
#endif