Struct num_complex::Complex

#[repr(C)]pub struct Complex<T> {
    pub re: T,
    pub im: T,
}

A complex number in Cartesian form.

Representation and Foreign Function Interface Compatibility

Complex<T> is memory layout compatible with an array [T; 2].

Note that Complex<F> where F is a floating point type is only memory layout compatible with C’s complex types, not necessarily calling convention compatible. This means that for FFI you can only pass Complex<F> behind a pointer, not as a value.

Examples

Example of extern function declaration.

use num_complex::Complex;
use std::os::raw::c_int;

extern "C" {
    fn zaxpy_(n: *const c_int, alpha: *const Complex<f64>,
              x: *const Complex<f64>, incx: *const c_int,
              y: *mut Complex<f64>, incy: *const c_int);
}

Fields

re: T

Real portion of the complex number

im: T

Imaginary portion of the complex number

Implementations

impl<T> Complex<T>

pub const fn new(re: T, im: T) -> Self

Create a new Complex

impl<T: Clone + Num> Complex<T>

pub fn i() -> Self

Returns imaginary unit

pub fn norm_sqr(&self) -> T

Returns the square of the norm (since T doesn’t necessarily have a sqrt function), i.e. re^2 + im^2.

pub fn scale(&self, t: T) -> Self

Multiplies self by the scalar t.

pub fn unscale(&self, t: T) -> Self

Divides self by the scalar t.

pub fn powu(&self, exp: u32) -> Self

Raises self to an unsigned integer power.

impl<T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Complex<T>

pub fn conj(&self) -> Self

Returns the complex conjugate. i.e. re - i im

pub fn inv(&self) -> Self

Returns 1/self

pub fn powi(&self, exp: i32) -> Self

Raises self to a signed integer power.

impl<T: Clone + Signed> Complex<T>

pub fn l1_norm(&self) -> T

Returns the L1 norm |re| + |im| – the Manhattan distance from the origin.

impl<T: Float> Complex<T>

pub fn norm(self) -> T

Calculate |self|

pub fn arg(self) -> T

Calculate the principal Arg of self.

pub fn to_polar(self) -> (T, T)

Convert to polar form (r, theta), such that self = r * exp(i * theta)

pub fn from_polar(r: T, theta: T) -> Self

Convert a polar representation into a complex number.

pub fn exp(self) -> Self

Computes e^(self), where e is the base of the natural logarithm.

pub fn ln(self) -> Self

Computes the principal value of natural logarithm of self.

This function has one branch cut:

• (-∞, 0], continuous from above.

The branch satisfies -π ≤ arg(ln(z)) ≤ π.

pub fn sqrt(self) -> Self

Computes the principal value of the square root of self.

This function has one branch cut:

• (-∞, 0), continuous from above.

The branch satisfies -π/2 ≤ arg(sqrt(z)) ≤ π/2.

pub fn cbrt(self) -> Self

Computes the principal value of the cube root of self.

This function has one branch cut:

• (-∞, 0), continuous from above.

The branch satisfies -π/3 ≤ arg(cbrt(z)) ≤ π/3.

Note that this does not match the usual result for the cube root of negative real numbers. For example, the real cube root of -8 is -2, but the principal complex cube root of -8 is 1 + i√3.

pub fn powf(self, exp: T) -> Self

Raises self to a floating point power.

pub fn log(self, base: T) -> Self

Returns the logarithm of self with respect to an arbitrary base.

pub fn powc(self, exp: Self) -> Self

Raises self to a complex power.

pub fn expf(self, base: T) -> Self

Raises a floating point number to the complex power self.

pub fn sin(self) -> Self

Computes the sine of self.

pub fn cos(self) -> Self

Computes the cosine of self.

pub fn tan(self) -> Self

Computes the tangent of self.

pub fn asin(self) -> Self

Computes the principal value of the inverse sine of self.

This function has two branch cuts:

• (-∞, -1), continuous from above.
• (1, ∞), continuous from below.

The branch satisfies -π/2 ≤ Re(asin(z)) ≤ π/2.

pub fn acos(self) -> Self

Computes the principal value of the inverse cosine of self.

This function has two branch cuts:

• (-∞, -1), continuous from above.
• (1, ∞), continuous from below.

The branch satisfies 0 ≤ Re(acos(z)) ≤ π.

pub fn atan(self) -> Self

Computes the principal value of the inverse tangent of self.

This function has two branch cuts:

• (-∞i, -i], continuous from the left.
• [i, ∞i), continuous from the right.

The branch satisfies -π/2 ≤ Re(atan(z)) ≤ π/2.

pub fn sinh(self) -> Self

Computes the hyperbolic sine of self.

pub fn cosh(self) -> Self

Computes the hyperbolic cosine of self.

pub fn tanh(self) -> Self

Computes the hyperbolic tangent of self.

pub fn asinh(self) -> Self

Computes the principal value of inverse hyperbolic sine of self.

This function has two branch cuts:

• (-∞i, -i), continuous from the left.
• (i, ∞i), continuous from the right.

The branch satisfies -π/2 ≤ Im(asinh(z)) ≤ π/2.

pub fn acosh(self) -> Self

Computes the principal value of inverse hyperbolic cosine of self.

This function has one branch cut:

• (-∞, 1), continuous from above.

The branch satisfies -π ≤ Im(acosh(z)) ≤ π and 0 ≤ Re(acosh(z)) < ∞.

pub fn atanh(self) -> Self

Computes the principal value of inverse hyperbolic tangent of self.

This function has two branch cuts:

• (-∞, -1], continuous from above.
• [1, ∞), continuous from below.

The branch satisfies -π/2 ≤ Im(atanh(z)) ≤ π/2.

pub fn finv(self) -> Complex<T>

Returns 1/self using floating-point operations.

This may be more accurate than the generic self.inv() in cases where self.norm_sqr() would overflow to ∞ or underflow to 0.

Examples

use num_complex::Complex64;
let c = Complex64::new(1e300, 1e300);

// The generic `inv()` will overflow.
assert!(!c.inv().is_normal());

// But we can do better for `Float` types.
let inv = c.finv();
assert!(inv.is_normal());
println!("{:e}", inv);

let expected = Complex64::new(5e-301, -5e-301);
assert!((inv - expected).norm() < 1e-315);

pub fn fdiv(self, other: Complex<T>) -> Complex<T>

Returns self/other using floating-point operations.

This may be more accurate than the generic Div implementation in cases where other.norm_sqr() would overflow to ∞ or underflow to 0.

Examples

use num_complex::Complex64;
let a = Complex64::new(2.0, 3.0);
let b = Complex64::new(1e300, 1e300);

// Generic division will overflow.
assert!(!(a / b).is_normal());

// But we can do better for `Float` types.
let quotient = a.fdiv(b);
assert!(quotient.is_normal());
println!("{:e}", quotient);

let expected = Complex64::new(2.5e-300, 5e-301);
assert!((quotient - expected).norm() < 1e-315);

impl<T: FloatCore> Complex<T>

pub fn is_nan(self) -> bool

Checks if the given complex number is NaN

pub fn is_infinite(self) -> bool

Checks if the given complex number is infinite

pub fn is_finite(self) -> bool

Checks if the given complex number is finite

pub fn is_normal(self) -> bool

Checks if the given complex number is normal

Trait Implementations

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Add<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Add<&'a T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Add<&'a T> for &'b Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Add<&'b Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Add<Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Add<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Add<T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Add<T> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the + operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> AddAssign<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn add_assign(&mut self, other: &Self)

Performs the += operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> AddAssign<&'a T> for Complex<T>

fn add_assign(&mut self, other: &T)

Performs the += operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> AddAssign<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Self)

Performs the += operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> AddAssign<T> for Complex<T>

fn add_assign(&mut self, other: T)

Performs the += operation.

impl<T, U> AsPrimitive<U> for Complex<T> where
    T: AsPrimitive<U>,
    U: 'static + Copy, 

fn as_(self) -> U

Convert a value to another, using the as operator.

impl<T> Binary for Complex<T> where
    T: Binary + Num + PartialOrd + Clone, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T: Clone> Clone for Complex<T>

fn clone(&self) -> Complex<T>

Returns a copy of the value.

pub fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T: Copy> Copy for Complex<T>

impl<T: Debug> Debug for Complex<T>

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T: Default> Default for Complex<T>

fn default() -> Complex<T>

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for Complex<T> where
    T: Deserialize<'de> + Num + Clone, 

fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> where
    D: Deserializer<'de>, 

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl<T> Display for Complex<T> where
    T: Display + Num + PartialOrd + Clone, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T, Re, Im> Distribution<Complex<T>> for ComplexDistribution<Re, Im> where
    T: Num + Clone,
    Re: Distribution<T>,
    Im: Distribution<T>, 

fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Complex<T>

Generate a random value of T, using rng as the source of randomness.

pub fn sample_iter<R>(self, rng: R) -> DistIter<Self, R, T> where
    R: Rng, 

Create an iterator that generates random values of T, using rng as the source of randomness.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Div<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Div<&'a T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Div<&'a T> for &'b Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Div<&'b Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Div<Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Div<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Div<T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Div<T> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the / operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> DivAssign<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn div_assign(&mut self, other: &Self)

Performs the /= operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> DivAssign<&'a T> for Complex<T>

fn div_assign(&mut self, other: &T)

Performs the /= operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> DivAssign<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn div_assign(&mut self, other: Self)

Performs the /= operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> DivAssign<T> for Complex<T>

fn div_assign(&mut self, other: T)

Performs the /= operation.

impl<T: Eq> Eq for Complex<T>

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> From<&'a T> for Complex<T>

fn from(re: &T) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T: Clone + Num> From<T> for Complex<T>

fn from(re: T) -> Self

Performs the conversion.

impl<T: FromPrimitive + Num> FromPrimitive for Complex<T>

fn from_usize(n: usize) -> Option<Self>

Converts a usize to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_isize(n: isize) -> Option<Self>

Converts an isize to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u8(n: u8) -> Option<Self>

Converts an u8 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u16(n: u16) -> Option<Self>

Converts an u16 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u32(n: u32) -> Option<Self>

Converts an u32 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u64(n: u64) -> Option<Self>

Converts an u64 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i8(n: i8) -> Option<Self>

Converts an i8 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i16(n: i16) -> Option<Self>

Converts an i16 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i32(n: i32) -> Option<Self>

Converts an i32 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i64(n: i64) -> Option<Self>

Converts an i64 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_u128(n: u128) -> Option<Self>

Converts an u128 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_i128(n: i128) -> Option<Self>

Converts an i128 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_f32(n: f32) -> Option<Self>

Converts a f32 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

fn from_f64(n: f64) -> Option<Self>

Converts a f64 to return an optional value of this type. If the value cannot be represented by this type, then None is returned.

impl<T> FromStr for Complex<T> where
    T: FromStr + Num + Clone, 

type Err = ParseComplexError<T::Err>

The associated error which can be returned from parsing.

fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err>

Parses a +/- bi; ai +/- b; a; or bi where a and b are of type T

impl<T: Hash> Hash for Complex<T>

fn hash<__H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

pub fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl<T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Inv for Complex<T>

type Output = Self

The result after applying the operator.

fn inv(self) -> Self::Output

Returns the multiplicative inverse of self.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Inv for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn inv(self) -> Self::Output

Returns the multiplicative inverse of self.

impl<T> LowerExp for Complex<T> where
    T: LowerExp + Num + PartialOrd + Clone, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> LowerHex for Complex<T> where
    T: LowerHex + Num + PartialOrd + Clone, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Mul<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Mul<&'a T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Mul<&'a T> for &'b Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Mul<&'b Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Mul<Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Mul<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Mul<T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Mul<T> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num + MulAdd<Output = T>> MulAdd<&'b Complex<T>, &'a Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add.

fn mul_add(self, other: &Complex<T>, add: &Complex<T>) -> Complex<T>

Performs the fused multiply-add operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num + MulAdd<Output = T>> MulAdd<Complex<T>, Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the fused multiply-add.

fn mul_add(self, other: Complex<T>, add: Complex<T>) -> Complex<T>

Performs the fused multiply-add operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + NumAssign + MulAddAssign> MulAddAssign<&'a Complex<T>, &'b Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn mul_add_assign(&mut self, other: &Complex<T>, add: &Complex<T>)

Performs the fused multiply-add operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign + MulAddAssign> MulAddAssign<Complex<T>, Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn mul_add_assign(&mut self, other: Complex<T>, add: Complex<T>)

Performs the fused multiply-add operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> MulAssign<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: &Self)

Performs the *= operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> MulAssign<&'a T> for Complex<T>

fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: &T)

Performs the *= operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> MulAssign<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: Self)

Performs the *= operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> MulAssign<T> for Complex<T>

fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: T)

Performs the *= operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Neg for Complex<T>

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn neg(self) -> Self::Output

Performs the unary - operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Neg for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn neg(self) -> Self::Output

Performs the unary - operation.

impl<T: Num + Clone> Num for Complex<T>

type FromStrRadixErr = ParseComplexError<T::FromStrRadixErr>

fn from_str_radix(s: &str, radix: u32) -> Result<Self, Self::FromStrRadixErr>

Parses a +/- bi; ai +/- b; a; or bi where a and b are of type T

impl<T: NumCast + Num> NumCast for Complex<T>

fn from<U: ToPrimitive>(n: U) -> Option<Self>

Creates a number from another value that can be converted into a primitive via the ToPrimitive trait. If the source value cannot be represented by the target type, then None is returned.

impl<T> Octal for Complex<T> where
    T: Octal + Num + PartialOrd + Clone, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T: Clone + Num> One for Complex<T>

fn one() -> Self

Returns the multiplicative identity element of Self, 1.

fn is_one(&self) -> bool

Returns true if self is equal to the multiplicative identity.

fn set_one(&mut self)

Sets self to the multiplicative identity element of Self, 1.

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn eq(&self, other: &Complex<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Complex<T>) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Float> Pow<&'b Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &'b Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'b, T: Float> Pow<&'b Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &'b Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Float> Pow<&'b f32> for &'a Complex<T> where
    f32: Into<T>, 

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &f32) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'b, T: Float> Pow<&'b f32> for Complex<T> where
    f32: Into<T>, 

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &f32) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Float> Pow<&'b f64> for &'a Complex<T> where
    f64: Into<T>, 

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &f64) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'b, T: Float> Pow<&'b f64> for Complex<T> where
    f64: Into<T>, 

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &f64) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<&'b i128> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &i128) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<&'b i16> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &i16) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<&'b i32> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &i32) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<&'b i64> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &i64) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<&'b i8> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &i8) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<&'b isize> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &isize) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Pow<&'b u128> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &u128) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Pow<&'b u16> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &u16) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Pow<&'b u32> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &u32) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Pow<&'b u64> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &u64) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Pow<&'b u8> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &u8) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Pow<&'b usize> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: &usize) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Float> Pow<Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<T: Float> Pow<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Float> Pow<f32> for &'a Complex<T> where
    f32: Into<T>, 

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: f32) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<T: Float> Pow<f32> for Complex<T> where
    f32: Into<T>, 

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: f32) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Float> Pow<f64> for &'a Complex<T> where
    f64: Into<T>, 

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: f64) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<T: Float> Pow<f64> for Complex<T> where
    f64: Into<T>, 

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: f64) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<i128> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: i128) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<i16> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: i16) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<i32> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: i32) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<i64> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: i64) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<i8> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: i8) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num + Neg<Output = T>> Pow<isize> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: isize) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Pow<u128> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: u128) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Pow<u16> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: u16) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Pow<u32> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: u32) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Pow<u64> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: u64) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Pow<u8> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: u8) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Pow<usize> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The result after applying the operator.

fn pow(self, exp: usize) -> Self::Output

Returns self to the power rhs.

impl<'a, T: 'a + Num + Clone> Product<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Self where
    I: Iterator<Item = &'a Complex<T>>, 

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl<T: Num + Clone> Product<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Self where
    I: Iterator<Item = Self>, 

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Rem<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Rem<&'a T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Rem<&'a T> for &'b Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Rem<&'b Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Rem<Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Rem<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, modulus: Self) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Rem<T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Rem<T> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the % operator.

fn rem(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the % operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> RemAssign<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn rem_assign(&mut self, other: &Self)

Performs the %= operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> RemAssign<&'a T> for Complex<T>

fn rem_assign(&mut self, other: &T)

Performs the %= operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> RemAssign<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn rem_assign(&mut self, modulus: Self)

Performs the %= operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> RemAssign<T> for Complex<T>

fn rem_assign(&mut self, other: T)

Performs the %= operation.

impl<T> Serialize for Complex<T> where
    T: Serialize, 

fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> where
    S: Serializer, 

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<T> StructuralEq for Complex<T>

impl<T> StructuralPartialEq for Complex<T>

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Sub<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Sub<&'a T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Sub<&'a T> for &'b Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: &T) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, 'b, T: Clone + Num> Sub<&'b Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: &Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Sub<Complex<T>> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: Complex<T>) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Sub<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Sub<T> for Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + Num> Sub<T> for &'a Complex<T>

type Output = Complex<T>

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, other: T) -> Self::Output

Performs the - operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> SubAssign<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: &Self)

Performs the -= operation.

impl<'a, T: Clone + NumAssign> SubAssign<&'a T> for Complex<T>

fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: &T)

Performs the -= operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> SubAssign<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Self)

Performs the -= operation.

impl<T: Clone + NumAssign> SubAssign<T> for Complex<T>

fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: T)

Performs the -= operation.

impl<'a, T: 'a + Num + Clone> Sum<&'a Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Self where
    I: Iterator<Item = &'a Complex<T>>, 

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl<T: Num + Clone> Sum<Complex<T>> for Complex<T>

fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Self where
    I: Iterator<Item = Self>, 

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.

impl<T: ToPrimitive + Num> ToPrimitive for Complex<T>

fn to_usize(&self) -> Option<usize>

Converts the value of self to a usize. If the value cannot be represented by a usize, then None is returned.

fn to_isize(&self) -> Option<isize>

Converts the value of self to an isize. If the value cannot be represented by an isize, then None is returned.

fn to_u8(&self) -> Option<u8>

Converts the value of self to a u8. If the value cannot be represented by a u8, then None is returned.

fn to_u16(&self) -> Option<u16>

Converts the value of self to a u16. If the value cannot be represented by a u16, then None is returned.

fn to_u32(&self) -> Option<u32>

Converts the value of self to a u32. If the value cannot be represented by a u32, then None is returned.

fn to_u64(&self) -> Option<u64>

Converts the value of self to a u64. If the value cannot be represented by a u64, then None is returned.

fn to_i8(&self) -> Option<i8>

Converts the value of self to an i8. If the value cannot be represented by an i8, then None is returned.

fn to_i16(&self) -> Option<i16>

Converts the value of self to an i16. If the value cannot be represented by an i16, then None is returned.

fn to_i32(&self) -> Option<i32>

Converts the value of self to an i32. If the value cannot be represented by an i32, then None is returned.

fn to_i64(&self) -> Option<i64>

Converts the value of self to an i64. If the value cannot be represented by an i64, then None is returned.

fn to_u128(&self) -> Option<u128>

Converts the value of self to a u128. If the value cannot be represented by a u128 (u64 under the default implementation), then None is returned.

fn to_i128(&self) -> Option<i128>

Converts the value of self to an i128. If the value cannot be represented by an i128 (i64 under the default implementation), then None is returned.

fn to_f32(&self) -> Option<f32>

Converts the value of self to an f32. Overflows may map to positive or negative inifinity, otherwise None is returned if the value cannot be represented by an f32.

fn to_f64(&self) -> Option<f64>

Converts the value of self to an f64. Overflows may map to positive or negative inifinity, otherwise None is returned if the value cannot be represented by an f64.

impl<T> UpperExp for Complex<T> where
    T: UpperExp + Num + PartialOrd + Clone, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> UpperHex for Complex<T> where
    T: UpperHex + Num + PartialOrd + Clone, 

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T: Clone + Num> Zero for Complex<T>

fn zero() -> Self

Returns the additive identity element of Self, 0.

fn is_zero(&self) -> bool

Returns true if self is equal to the additive identity.

fn set_zero(&mut self)

Sets self to the additive identity element of Self, 0.