llvm-native-core 0.1.11

//! X86 Debug Info CodeGen — DWARF debug info generation from IR (compile
//! units, subprograms, variables, types, lexical blocks, inlined
//! subroutines), source-level debugging support, location expression
//! generation (DW_OP_reg, DW_OP_breg, DW_OP_fbreg, DW_OP_addr, DW_OP_deref,
//! DW_OP_piece), variable location tracking (DBG_VALUE), line table
//! generation (.debug_line), CodeView debug info for Windows (CV types,
//! CV symbols, CV line tables).
//!
//! Clean-room behavioral reconstruction from:
//! - DWARF Debugging Information Format Version 5
//! - DWARF Debugging Information Format Version 4
//! - The DWARF Line Number Program specification
//! - The DWARF Location Expression specification
//! - System V Application Binary Interface: AMD64 DWARF register mapping
//! - Microsoft Visual Studio CodeView / Program Database (PDB) documentation
//! - Microsoft Debug Interface Access (DIA) SDK documentation
//! - Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual
//!
//! Zero LLVM source code consultation. All behavior reconstructed from
//! published specifications and black-box oracle interrogation.

#![allow(non_upper_case_globals, non_camel_case_types, dead_code)]

use std::collections::HashMap;

// ============================================================================
// DWARF Constants
// ============================================================================

/// DWARF language codes.
pub mod dwarf_lang {
    pub const DW_LANG_C89: u16 = 0x0001;
    pub const DW_LANG_C: u16 = 0x0002;
    pub const DW_LANG_C_plus_plus: u16 = 0x0004;
    pub const DW_LANG_C99: u16 = 0x000c;
    pub const DW_LANG_C11: u16 = 0x001d;
    pub const DW_LANG_C17: u16 = 0x002a;
    pub const DW_LANG_C23: u16 = 0x003c;
    pub const DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_03: u16 = 0x0013;
    pub const DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_11: u16 = 0x001a;
    pub const DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_14: u16 = 0x0021;
    pub const DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_17: u16 = 0x002e;
    pub const DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_20: u16 = 0x0037;
    pub const DW_LANG_Rust: u16 = 0x001c;
    pub const DW_LANG_Go: u16 = 0x0016;
    pub const DW_LANG_Swift: u16 = 0x001e;
    pub const DW_LANG_Fortran95: u16 = 0x000e;
    pub const DW_LANG_Ada95: u16 = 0x000d;
    pub const DW_LANG_PLI: u16 = 0x000f;
    pub const DW_LANG_ObjC: u16 = 0x0010;
    pub const DW_LANG_ObjC_plus_plus: u16 = 0x0011;
    pub const DW_LANG_D: u16 = 0x0013;
    pub const DW_LANG_Python: u16 = 0x0014;
    pub const DW_LANG_OpenCL: u16 = 0x0015;
    pub const DW_LANG_Haskell: u16 = 0x0018;
    pub const DW_LANG_Modula3: u16 = 0x0019;
    pub const DW_LANG_Julia: u16 = 0x0023;
    pub const DW_LANG_Dylan: u16 = 0x0024;
    pub const DW_LANG_Assembly: u16 = 0x8001;
}

/// DWARF tag values.
pub mod dwarf_tag {
    pub const DW_TAG_compile_unit: u16 = 0x11;
    pub const DW_TAG_subprogram: u16 = 0x2e;
    pub const DW_TAG_variable: u16 = 0x34;
    pub const DW_TAG_formal_parameter: u16 = 0x05;
    pub const DW_TAG_lexical_block: u16 = 0x0b;
    pub const DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine: u16 = 0x1d;
    pub const DW_TAG_base_type: u16 = 0x24;
    pub const DW_TAG_pointer_type: u16 = 0x0f;
    pub const DW_TAG_reference_type: u16 = 0x10;
    pub const DW_TAG_rvalue_reference_type: u16 = 0x42;
    pub const DW_TAG_const_type: u16 = 0x26;
    pub const DW_TAG_volatile_type: u16 = 0x35;
    pub const DW_TAG_restrict_type: u16 = 0x37;
    pub const DW_TAG_typedef: u16 = 0x16;
    pub const DW_TAG_structure_type: u16 = 0x13;
    pub const DW_TAG_union_type: u16 = 0x17;
    pub const DW_TAG_class_type: u16 = 0x02;
    pub const DW_TAG_enumeration_type: u16 = 0x04;
    pub const DW_TAG_enumerator: u16 = 0x28;
    pub const DW_TAG_array_type: u16 = 0x01;
    pub const DW_TAG_subrange_type: u16 = 0x21;
    pub const DW_TAG_subroutine_type: u16 = 0x15;
    pub const DW_TAG_member: u16 = 0x0d;
    pub const DW_TAG_inheritance: u16 = 0x1c;
    pub const DW_TAG_unspecified_type: u16 = 0x3b;
    pub const DW_TAG_unspecified_parameters: u16 = 0x21;
}

/// DWARF attribute values.
pub mod dwarf_attr {
    pub const DW_AT_name: u16 = 0x03;
    pub const DW_AT_producer: u16 = 0x25;
    pub const DW_AT_language: u16 = 0x13;
    pub const DW_AT_comp_dir: u16 = 0x1b;
    pub const DW_AT_low_pc: u16 = 0x11;
    pub const DW_AT_high_pc: u16 = 0x12;
    pub const DW_AT_location: u16 = 0x02;
    pub const DW_AT_type: u16 = 0x31;
    pub const DW_AT_decl_file: u16 = 0x3a;
    pub const DW_AT_decl_line: u16 = 0x3b;
    pub const DW_AT_decl_column: u16 = 0x39;
    pub const DW_AT_external: u16 = 0x3f;
    pub const DW_AT_artificial: u16 = 0x34;
    pub const DW_AT_inline: u16 = 0x20;
    pub const DW_AT_abstract_origin: u16 = 0x31;
    pub const DW_AT_specification: u16 = 0x47;
    pub const DW_AT_ranges: u16 = 0x55;
    pub const DW_AT_stmt_list: u16 = 0x10;
    pub const DW_AT_byte_size: u16 = 0x0b;
    pub const DW_AT_bit_size: u16 = 0x0d;
    pub const DW_AT_bit_offset: u16 = 0x0c;
    pub const DW_AT_data_member_location: u16 = 0x38;
    pub const DW_AT_accessibility: u16 = 0x32;
    pub const DW_AT_linkage_name: u16 = 0x6e;
    pub const DW_AT_frame_base: u16 = 0x40;
    pub const DW_AT_encoding: u16 = 0x3e;
    pub const DW_AT_const_value: u16 = 0x1c;
    pub const DW_AT_upper_bound: u16 = 0x2f;
    pub const DW_AT_lower_bound: u16 = 0x22;
    pub const DW_AT_count: u16 = 0x0b;
    pub const DW_AT_containing_type: u16 = 0x1d;
    pub const DW_AT_virtuality: u16 = 0x4c;
    pub const DW_AT_vtable_elem_location: u16 = 0x4d;
    pub const DW_AT_enum_class: u16 = 0x4e;
    pub const DW_AT_identifier_case: u16 = 0x42;
    pub const DW_AT_return_addr: u16 = 0x2a;
    pub const DW_AT_entry_pc: u16 = 0x52;
    pub const DW_AT_use_UTF8: u16 = 0x53;
    pub const DW_AT_call_file: u16 = 0x58;
    pub const DW_AT_call_line: u16 = 0x59;
    pub const DW_AT_call_column: u16 = 0x57;
    pub const DW_AT_description: u16 = 0x5a;
    pub const DW_AT_GNU_locviews: u16 = 0x2137;
}

/// DWARF form values.
pub mod dwarf_form {
    pub const DW_FORM_addr: u16 = 0x01;
    pub const DW_FORM_data1: u16 = 0x0b;
    pub const DW_FORM_data2: u16 = 0x05;
    pub const DW_FORM_data4: u16 = 0x06;
    pub const DW_FORM_data8: u16 = 0x07;
    pub const DW_FORM_string: u16 = 0x08;
    pub const DW_FORM_block: u16 = 0x09;
    pub const DW_FORM_block1: u16 = 0x0a;
    pub const DW_FORM_block2: u16 = 0x03;
    pub const DW_FORM_block4: u16 = 0x04;
    pub const DW_FORM_flag: u16 = 0x0c;
    pub const DW_FORM_flag_present: u16 = 0x19;
    pub const DW_FORM_ref_addr: u16 = 0x10;
    pub const DW_FORM_ref1: u16 = 0x11;
    pub const DW_FORM_ref2: u16 = 0x12;
    pub const DW_FORM_ref4: u16 = 0x13;
    pub const DW_FORM_ref8: u16 = 0x14;
    pub const DW_FORM_sec_offset: u16 = 0x17;
    pub const DW_FORM_exprloc: u16 = 0x18;
    pub const DW_FORM_strp: u16 = 0x0e;
    pub const DW_FORM_udata: u16 = 0x0f;
    pub const DW_FORM_sdata: u16 = 0x0d;
    pub const DW_FORM_strx: u16 = 0x1a;
    pub const DW_FORM_addrx: u16 = 0x1b;
    pub const DW_FORM_line_strp: u16 = 0x1f;
}

/// DWARF inline codes.
pub mod dwarf_inline {
    pub const DW_INL_not_inlined: u16 = 0;
    pub const DW_INL_inlined: u16 = 1;
    pub const DW_INL_declared_not_inlined: u16 = 2;
    pub const DW_INL_declared_inlined: u16 = 3;
}

/// DWARF operation codes for location expressions.
pub mod dwarf_op {
    pub const DW_OP_addr: u8 = 0x03;
    pub const DW_OP_deref: u8 = 0x06;
    pub const DW_OP_const1u: u8 = 0x08;
    pub const DW_OP_const1s: u8 = 0x09;
    pub const DW_OP_const2u: u8 = 0x0a;
    pub const DW_OP_const2s: u8 = 0x0b;
    pub const DW_OP_const4u: u8 = 0x0c;
    pub const DW_OP_const4s: u8 = 0x0d;
    pub const DW_OP_const8u: u8 = 0x0e;
    pub const DW_OP_const8s: u8 = 0x0f;
    pub const DW_OP_constu: u8 = 0x10;
    pub const DW_OP_consts: u8 = 0x11;
    pub const DW_OP_dup: u8 = 0x12;
    pub const DW_OP_drop: u8 = 0x13;
    pub const DW_OP_over: u8 = 0x14;
    pub const DW_OP_pick: u8 = 0x15;
    pub const DW_OP_swap: u8 = 0x16;
    pub const DW_OP_rot: u8 = 0x17;
    pub const DW_OP_xderef: u8 = 0x18;
    pub const DW_OP_abs: u8 = 0x19;
    pub const DW_OP_and: u8 = 0x1a;
    pub const DW_OP_div: u8 = 0x1b;
    pub const DW_OP_minus: u8 = 0x1c;
    pub const DW_OP_mod: u8 = 0x1d;
    pub const DW_OP_mul: u8 = 0x1e;
    pub const DW_OP_neg: u8 = 0x1f;
    pub const DW_OP_not: u8 = 0x20;
    pub const DW_OP_or: u8 = 0x21;
    pub const DW_OP_plus: u8 = 0x22;
    pub const DW_OP_plus_uconst: u8 = 0x23;
    pub const DW_OP_shl: u8 = 0x24;
    pub const DW_OP_shr: u8 = 0x25;
    pub const DW_OP_shra: u8 = 0x26;
    pub const DW_OP_xor: u8 = 0x27;
    pub const DW_OP_bra: u8 = 0x28;
    pub const DW_OP_eq: u8 = 0x29;
    pub const DW_OP_ge: u8 = 0x2a;
    pub const DW_OP_gt: u8 = 0x2b;
    pub const DW_OP_le: u8 = 0x2c;
    pub const DW_OP_lt: u8 = 0x2d;
    pub const DW_OP_ne: u8 = 0x2e;
    pub const DW_OP_skip: u8 = 0x2f;
    pub const DW_OP_lit0: u8 = 0x30;
    pub const DW_OP_lit31: u8 = 0x4f;
    pub const DW_OP_reg0: u8 = 0x50;
    pub const DW_OP_reg31: u8 = 0x6f;
    pub const DW_OP_breg0: u8 = 0x70;
    pub const DW_OP_breg31: u8 = 0x8f;
    pub const DW_OP_regx: u8 = 0x90;
    pub const DW_OP_fbreg: u8 = 0x91;
    pub const DW_OP_bregx: u8 = 0x92;
    pub const DW_OP_piece: u8 = 0x93;
    pub const DW_OP_deref_size: u8 = 0x94;
    pub const DW_OP_xderef_size: u8 = 0x95;
    pub const DW_OP_nop: u8 = 0x96;
    pub const DW_OP_push_object_address: u8 = 0x97;
    pub const DW_OP_call2: u8 = 0x98;
    pub const DW_OP_call4: u8 = 0x99;
    pub const DW_OP_call_ref: u8 = 0x9a;
    pub const DW_OP_form_tls_address: u8 = 0x9b;
    pub const DW_OP_call_frame_cfa: u8 = 0x9c;
    pub const DW_OP_bit_piece: u8 = 0x9d;
    pub const DW_OP_implicit_value: u8 = 0x9e;
    pub const DW_OP_stack_value: u8 = 0x9f;
    pub const DW_OP_implicit_pointer: u8 = 0xa0;
    pub const DW_OP_addrx: u8 = 0xa1;
    pub const DW_OP_constx: u8 = 0xa2;
    pub const DW_OP_entry_value: u8 = 0xa3;
    pub const DW_OP_const_type: u8 = 0xa4;
    pub const DW_OP_regval_type: u8 = 0xa5;
    pub const DW_OP_deref_type: u8 = 0xa6;
    pub const DW_OP_xderef_type: u8 = 0xa7;
    pub const DW_OP_convert: u8 = 0xa8;
    pub const DW_OP_reinterpret: u8 = 0xa9;
}

// ============================================================================
// X86 DWARF Register Mapping
// ============================================================================

/// X86-64 DWARF register numbers.
pub mod x86_64_dwarf_reg {
    pub const RAX: u16 = 0;
    pub const RDX: u16 = 1;
    pub const RCX: u16 = 2;
    pub const RBX: u16 = 3;
    pub const RSI: u16 = 4;
    pub const RDI: u16 = 5;
    pub const RBP: u16 = 6;
    pub const RSP: u16 = 7;
    pub const R8: u16 = 8;
    pub const R9: u16 = 9;
    pub const R10: u16 = 10;
    pub const R11: u16 = 11;
    pub const R12: u16 = 12;
    pub const R13: u16 = 13;
    pub const R14: u16 = 14;
    pub const R15: u16 = 15;
    pub const RIP: u16 = 16;
    pub const XMM0: u16 = 17;
    pub const XMM15: u16 = 32;
    pub const ST0: u16 = 33;
    pub const ST7: u16 = 40;
    pub const MM0: u16 = 41;
    pub const MM7: u16 = 48;
    pub const RFLAGS: u16 = 49;
    pub const ES: u16 = 50;
    pub const CS: u16 = 51;
    pub const SS: u16 = 52;
    pub const DS: u16 = 53;
    pub const FS: u16 = 54;
    pub const GS: u16 = 55;
    pub const FS_BASE: u16 = 58;
    pub const GS_BASE: u16 = 59;
    pub const TR: u16 = 62;
    pub const LDTR: u16 = 63;
    pub const MXCSR: u16 = 64;
    pub const FCW: u16 = 65;
    pub const FSW: u16 = 66;
}

/// X86-32 DWARF register numbers.
pub mod x86_32_dwarf_reg {
    pub const EAX: u16 = 0;
    pub const ECX: u16 = 1;
    pub const EDX: u16 = 2;
    pub const EBX: u16 = 3;
    pub const ESP: u16 = 4;
    pub const EBP: u16 = 5;
    pub const ESI: u16 = 6;
    pub const EDI: u16 = 7;
    pub const EIP: u16 = 8;
    pub const ST0: u16 = 11;
    pub const ST7: u16 = 18;
    pub const XMM0: u16 = 21;
    pub const XMM7: u16 = 28;
    pub const MM0: u16 = 29;
    pub const MM7: u16 = 36;
    pub const EFLAGS: u16 = 9;
}

/// Map an x86-64 register name to its DWARF register number.
pub fn x86_64_reg_to_dwarf(name: &str) -> Option<u16> {
    match name.to_lowercase().as_str() {
        "rax" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RAX),
        "rdx" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RDX),
        "rcx" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RCX),
        "rbx" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RBX),
        "rsi" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RSI),
        "rdi" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RDI),
        "rbp" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RBP),
        "rsp" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RSP),
        "r8" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::R8),
        "r9" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::R9),
        "r10" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::R10),
        "r11" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::R11),
        "r12" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::R12),
        "r13" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::R13),
        "r14" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::R14),
        "r15" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::R15),
        "rip" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RIP),
        "xmm0" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::XMM0),
        "xmm1" => Some(18),
        "xmm14" => Some(31),
        "xmm15" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::XMM15),
        "rflags" => Some(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RFLAGS),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Map an x86-32 register name to its DWARF register number.
pub fn x86_32_reg_to_dwarf(name: &str) -> Option<u16> {
    match name.to_lowercase().as_str() {
        "eax" => Some(x86_32_dwarf_reg::EAX),
        "ecx" => Some(x86_32_dwarf_reg::ECX),
        "edx" => Some(x86_32_dwarf_reg::EDX),
        "ebx" => Some(x86_32_dwarf_reg::EBX),
        "esp" => Some(x86_32_dwarf_reg::ESP),
        "ebp" => Some(x86_32_dwarf_reg::EBP),
        "esi" => Some(x86_32_dwarf_reg::ESI),
        "edi" => Some(x86_32_dwarf_reg::EDI),
        "eip" => Some(x86_32_dwarf_reg::EIP),
        _ => None,
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// DWARF Location Expression Builder
// ============================================================================

/// A DWARF location expression (list of operations).
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugLocationExpr {
    /// The raw byte sequence of the expression.
    pub bytes: Vec<u8>,
    /// Address size in bytes (4 or 8).
    pub address_size: u8,
    /// Whether this expression produces a location (versus a value).
    pub is_location: bool,
}

impl X86DebugLocationExpr {
    pub fn new(address_size: u8) -> Self {
        Self {
            bytes: Vec::new(),
            address_size,
            is_location: true,
        }
    }

    pub fn new_x86_64() -> Self {
        Self::new(8)
    }

    pub fn new_x86_32() -> Self {
        Self::new(4)
    }

    /// Get the expression as a byte slice.
    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.bytes
    }

    /// Length of the expression in bytes.
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.bytes.len()
    }

    /// Whether the expression is empty.
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.bytes.is_empty()
    }

    /// Clear the expression.
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.bytes.clear();
    }

    /// Emit a single byte.
    fn emit_u8(&mut self, byte: u8) {
        self.bytes.push(byte);
    }

    /// Emit a 16-bit unsigned integer (little-endian).
    fn emit_u16(&mut self, val: u16) {
        self.bytes.extend_from_slice(&val.to_le_bytes());
    }

    /// Emit a 32-bit unsigned integer (little-endian).
    fn emit_u32(&mut self, val: u32) {
        self.bytes.extend_from_slice(&val.to_le_bytes());
    }

    /// Emit a 64-bit unsigned integer (little-endian).
    fn emit_u64(&mut self, val: u64) {
        self.bytes.extend_from_slice(&val.to_le_bytes());
    }

    /// Emit an address-sized value.
    fn emit_addr(&mut self, addr: u64) {
        match self.address_size {
            4 => self.emit_u32(addr as u32),
            8 => self.emit_u64(addr),
            _ => self.emit_u64(addr),
        }
    }

    /// Emit an unsigned LEB128 value.
    fn emit_uleb128(&mut self, mut val: u64) {
        loop {
            let mut byte = (val & 0x7f) as u8;
            val >>= 7;
            if val != 0 {
                byte |= 0x80;
            }
            self.bytes.push(byte);
            if val == 0 {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /// Emit a signed LEB128 value.
    fn emit_sleb128(&mut self, val: i64) {
        let mut more = true;
        let mut v = val;
        while more {
            let mut byte = (v & 0x7f) as u8;
            v >>= 7;
            if (v == 0 && byte & 0x40 == 0) || (v == -1 && byte & 0x40 != 0) {
                more = false;
            } else {
                byte |= 0x80;
            }
            self.bytes.push(byte);
        }
    }

    // ---- DW_OP Operations ----

    /// DW_OP_addr: push an absolute address.
    pub fn addr(&mut self, address: u64) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_addr);
        self.emit_addr(address);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_deref: dereference top of stack.
    pub fn deref(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_deref);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_deref_size: dereference with explicit size.
    pub fn deref_size(&mut self, size: u8) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_deref_size);
        self.emit_u8(size);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_reg: variable is in a register.
    pub fn reg(&mut self, dwarf_reg: u16) -> &mut Self {
        if dwarf_reg < 32 {
            self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_reg0 + dwarf_reg as u8);
        } else {
            self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_regx);
            self.emit_uleb128(dwarf_reg as u64);
        }
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_breg: variable is at register + offset.
    pub fn breg(&mut self, dwarf_reg: u16, offset: i64) -> &mut Self {
        if dwarf_reg < 32 {
            self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_breg0 + dwarf_reg as u8);
        } else {
            self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_bregx);
            self.emit_uleb128(dwarf_reg as u64);
        }
        self.emit_sleb128(offset);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_fbreg: variable is at frame_base + offset.
    pub fn fbreg(&mut self, offset: i64) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_fbreg);
        self.emit_sleb128(offset);
        self
    }

    /// Convenience: variable below RBP (x86-64).
    pub fn rbp_offset_64(&mut self, offset: i64) -> &mut Self {
        self.breg(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RBP, offset)
    }

    /// Convenience: variable below EBP (x86-32).
    pub fn ebp_offset_32(&mut self, offset: i64) -> &mut Self {
        self.breg(x86_32_dwarf_reg::EBP, offset)
    }

    /// Value is in RAX.
    pub fn in_rax(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.reg(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RAX)
    }

    /// Value is in an XMM register.
    pub fn in_xmm(&mut self, index: u16) -> &mut Self {
        let dwarf_reg = x86_64_dwarf_reg::XMM0 + index;
        self.reg(dwarf_reg)
    }

    /// DW_OP_piece: take N bytes from stack as a piece.
    pub fn piece(&mut self, size_in_bytes: u64) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_piece);
        self.emit_uleb128(size_in_bytes);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_bit_piece: take N bits from stack as a piece.
    pub fn bit_piece(&mut self, size_in_bits: u64, offset_in_bits: u64) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_bit_piece);
        self.emit_uleb128(size_in_bits);
        self.emit_uleb128(offset_in_bits);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_stack_value: mark top of stack as a value (not location).
    pub fn stack_value(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_stack_value);
        self.is_location = false;
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_implicit_value: inline N bytes as value.
    pub fn implicit_value(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_implicit_value);
        self.emit_uleb128(data.len() as u64);
        self.bytes.extend_from_slice(data);
        self.is_location = false;
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_entry_value: evaluate expression as if at function entry.
    pub fn entry_value(&mut self, inner: &X86DebugLocationExpr) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_entry_value);
        self.emit_uleb128(inner.len() as u64);
        self.bytes.extend_from_slice(inner.as_bytes());
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_plus: pop two values, push sum.
    pub fn plus(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_plus);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_minus: pop two values, push (top - second).
    pub fn minus(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_minus);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_mul: pop two values, push product.
    pub fn mul(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_mul);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_div: pop two values, push quotient.
    pub fn div(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_div);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_and: pop two values, push bitwise AND.
    pub fn and(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_and);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_or: pop two values, push bitwise OR.
    pub fn or(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_or);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_xor: pop two values, push bitwise XOR.
    pub fn xor(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_xor);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_shl: pop two values, push (second << top).
    pub fn shl(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_shl);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_shr: pop two values, push logical right shift.
    pub fn shr(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_shr);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_plus_uconst: add unsigned constant.
    pub fn plus_uconst(&mut self, val: u64) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_plus_uconst);
        self.emit_uleb128(val);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_dup: duplicate top of stack.
    pub fn dup(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_dup);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_drop: discard top of stack.
    pub fn drop(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_drop);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_over: push copy of second-to-top element.
    pub fn over(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_over);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_swap: swap top two stack elements.
    pub fn swap(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_swap);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_rot: rotate top three elements.
    pub fn rot(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_rot);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_pick: push copy of N-th element from top.
    pub fn pick(&mut self, index: u8) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_pick);
        self.emit_u8(index);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_form_tls_address: resolve TLS address.
    pub fn form_tls_address(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_form_tls_address);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_call_frame_cfa: push CFA value.
    pub fn call_frame_cfa(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_call_frame_cfa);
        self
    }

    /// DW_OP_nop: no operation.
    pub fn nop(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_nop);
        self
    }

    /// Build a location description for a local variable below RBP.
    pub fn local_var_below_rbp(&mut self, offset: i64, is_64bit: bool) -> &mut Self {
        if is_64bit {
            self.rbpf(offset)
        } else {
            self.ebp_offset_32(offset)
        }
    }

    /// Build location for a parameter passed in a register.
    pub fn param_in_register(&mut self, reg_name: &str) -> &mut Self {
        if let Some(dwarf_reg) = x86_64_reg_to_dwarf(reg_name) {
            self.reg(dwarf_reg)
        } else {
            self
        }
    }

    /// Build location for a parameter passed on the stack.
    pub fn param_on_stack(&mut self, offset_from_cfa: i64) -> &mut Self {
        self.call_frame_cfa();
        self.plus_uconst(offset_from_cfa as u64);
        self
    }

    /// Build a composite location from multiple pieces.
    pub fn composite_location(&mut self, pieces: &[(u64, &X86DebugLocationExpr)]) -> &mut Self {
        for (size, expr) in pieces {
            self.bytes.extend_from_slice(expr.as_bytes());
            self.piece(*size);
        }
        self
    }

    /// Build a DW_OP_convert expression.
    pub fn convert(&mut self, type_die_offset: u64) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_convert);
        self.emit_uleb128(type_die_offset);
        self
    }

    /// Build a DW_OP_reinterpret expression.
    pub fn reinterpret(&mut self, type_die_offset: u64) -> &mut Self {
        self.emit_u8(dwarf_op::DW_OP_reinterpret);
        self.emit_uleb128(type_die_offset);
        self
    }

    // Helper: DW_OP_breg for RBP on x86-64.
    fn rbpf(&mut self, offset: i64) -> &mut Self {
        self.breg(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RBP, offset)
    }
}

impl Default for X86DebugLocationExpr {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new_x86_64()
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Line Table Generation
// ============================================================================

/// A file entry in the line table.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugFileEntry {
    /// File name.
    pub name: String,
    /// Directory index (0 = compilation directory).
    pub directory_index: u32,
    /// Last modification timestamp.
    pub mod_time: u32,
    /// File length in bytes.
    pub length: u32,
}

impl X86DebugFileEntry {
    pub fn new(name: &str, dir_index: u32) -> Self {
        Self {
            name: name.to_string(),
            directory_index: dir_index,
            mod_time: 0,
            length: 0,
        }
    }
}

/// A source line entry.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugLineEntry {
    /// Line number (1-based).
    pub line: u32,
    /// Column number (1-based, 0 = none).
    pub column: u32,
    /// File index (1-based).
    pub file: u32,
    /// Address of this line.
    pub address: u64,
    /// Is this a recommended breakpoint location.
    pub is_stmt: bool,
    /// Does this begin a basic block.
    pub basic_block: bool,
    /// Does this end the function prologue.
    pub prologue_end: bool,
    /// Does this start the function epilogue.
    pub epilogue_begin: bool,
    /// Instruction set architecture identifier.
    pub isa: u32,
    /// Discriminator for multiple basic blocks on the same line.
    pub discriminator: u32,
    /// Is this an end-of-sequence marker.
    pub end_sequence: bool,
}

impl Default for X86DebugLineEntry {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            line: 0,
            column: 0,
            file: 1,
            address: 0,
            is_stmt: true,
            basic_block: false,
            prologue_end: false,
            epilogue_begin: false,
            isa: 0,
            discriminator: 0,
            end_sequence: false,
        }
    }
}

/// A DWARF line table program.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugLineTable {
    /// Compilation directory.
    pub comp_dir: String,
    /// Source files referenced.
    pub files: Vec<X86DebugFileEntry>,
    /// Include directories.
    pub directories: Vec<String>,
    /// Line entries.
    pub entries: Vec<X86DebugLineEntry>,
    /// DWARF version (4 or 5).
    pub version: u16,
    /// Address size in bytes.
    pub address_size: u8,
    /// Minimum instruction length (1 for x86).
    pub min_insn_length: u8,
    /// Maximum operations per instruction (1 for x86).
    pub max_ops_per_insn: u8,
    /// Default is_stmt.
    pub default_is_stmt: bool,
    /// Line base for special opcodes.
    pub line_base: i8,
    /// Line range for special opcodes.
    pub line_range: u8,
    /// Opcode base (one past the highest standard opcode).
    pub opcode_base: u8,
    /// Standard opcode lengths.
    pub standard_opcode_lengths: Vec<u8>,
}

impl X86DebugLineTable {
    /// Create a new line table for x86-64.
    pub fn new_x86_64() -> Self {
        Self {
            comp_dir: String::new(),
            files: Vec::new(),
            directories: Vec::new(),
            entries: Vec::new(),
            version: 4,
            address_size: 8,
            min_insn_length: 1,
            max_ops_per_insn: 1,
            default_is_stmt: true,
            line_base: -5,
            line_range: 14,
            opcode_base: 13,
            standard_opcode_lengths: vec![0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
        }
    }

    /// Create a new line table for x86-32.
    pub fn new_x86_32() -> Self {
        let mut tbl = Self::new_x86_64();
        tbl.address_size = 4;
        tbl
    }

    /// Set the compilation directory.
    pub fn set_comp_dir(&mut self, dir: &str) {
        self.comp_dir = dir.to_string();
    }

    /// Add a source file.
    pub fn add_file(&mut self, name: &str, dir_index: u32) -> u32 {
        self.files.push(X86DebugFileEntry::new(name, dir_index));
        self.files.len() as u32
    }

    /// Add an include directory.
    pub fn add_directory(&mut self, path: &str) -> u32 {
        self.directories.push(path.to_string());
        self.directories.len() as u32
    }

    /// Add a line entry.
    pub fn add_entry(&mut self, entry: X86DebugLineEntry) {
        self.entries.push(entry);
    }

    /// Convenience: add a line with address.
    pub fn add_line(&mut self, line: u32, column: u32, file: u32, address: u64) {
        self.add_entry(X86DebugLineEntry {
            line,
            column,
            file,
            address,
            is_stmt: true,
            ..Default::default()
        });
    }

    /// Add an end-of-sequence marker.
    pub fn add_end_sequence(&mut self, address: u64) {
        self.add_entry(X86DebugLineEntry {
            address,
            end_sequence: true,
            ..Default::default()
        });
    }

    /// Add a prologue-end marker.
    pub fn add_prologue_end(&mut self, line: u32, address: u64) {
        self.add_entry(X86DebugLineEntry {
            line,
            address,
            prologue_end: true,
            ..Default::default()
        });
    }

    /// Add an epilogue-begin marker.
    pub fn add_epilogue_begin(&mut self, line: u32, address: u64) {
        self.add_entry(X86DebugLineEntry {
            line,
            address,
            epilogue_begin: true,
            ..Default::default()
        });
    }

    /// Emit the line table as raw bytes.
    pub fn emit(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut data = Vec::new();

        // Unit length (placeholder, filled later)
        let length_offset = data.len();
        data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 4]);

        // Version
        data.extend_from_slice(&self.version.to_le_bytes());

        // Header length (placeholder)
        let header_length_offset = data.len();
        data.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 4]);

        // Minimum instruction length
        data.push(self.min_insn_length);

        // DWARF 4: maximum operations per instruction
        if self.version >= 4 {
            data.push(self.max_ops_per_insn);
        }

        // Default is_stmt
        data.push(if self.default_is_stmt { 1 } else { 0 });

        // Line base
        data.push(self.line_base as u8);

        // Line range
        data.push(self.line_range);

        // Opcode base
        data.push(self.opcode_base);

        // Standard opcode lengths
        data.extend_from_slice(&self.standard_opcode_lengths);

        // Include directories
        for dir in &self.directories {
            data.extend_from_slice(dir.as_bytes());
            data.push(0);
        }
        data.push(0); // null terminator

        // File entries
        for file in &self.files {
            data.extend_from_slice(file.name.as_bytes());
            data.push(0);
            data.extend_from_slice(&file.directory_index.to_le_bytes());
            data.extend_from_slice(&file.mod_time.to_le_bytes());
            data.extend_from_slice(&file.length.to_le_bytes());
        }
        data.push(0); // null terminator

        // Line number program
        let program_start = data.len();

        // Emit line entries as DW_LNS statements
        let mut prev_address: u64 = 0;
        let mut prev_file: u32 = 1;
        let mut prev_line: u32 = 1;
        let mut prev_column: u32 = 0;

        for entry in &self.entries {
            if entry.end_sequence {
                // Set address
                data.push(0); // DW_LNE_set_address
                data.extend_from_slice(&entry.address.to_le_bytes());
                // End sequence
                data.push(0);
                data.push(1);
                data.push(1); // length of LNE
                              // Reset state machine
                prev_address = 0;
                prev_file = 1;
                prev_line = 1;
                prev_column = 0;
                continue;
            }

            // DW_LNS_set_file if changed
            if entry.file != prev_file {
                data.push(4); // DW_LNS_set_file
                data.extend_from_slice(&entry.file.to_le_bytes());
                prev_file = entry.file;
            }

            // DW_LNS_set_column if changed
            if entry.column != prev_column {
                data.push(5); // DW_LNS_set_column
                data.extend_from_slice(&entry.column.to_le_bytes());
                prev_column = entry.column;
            }

            // Advance PC
            if entry.address != prev_address {
                let delta = entry.address - prev_address;
                data.push(2); // DW_LNS_advance_pc
                              // Simple uleb128
                let mut val = delta;
                loop {
                    let mut byte = (val & 0x7f) as u8;
                    val >>= 7;
                    if val != 0 {
                        byte |= 0x80;
                    }
                    data.push(byte);
                    if val == 0 {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                prev_address = entry.address;
            }

            // Advance line
            if entry.line != prev_line {
                let delta = entry.line as i32 - prev_line as i32;
                data.push(3); // DW_LNS_advance_line
                              // Simple sleb128
                let mut val = delta as i64;
                loop {
                    let mut byte = (val & 0x7f) as u8;
                    val >>= 7;
                    if (val == 0 && byte & 0x40 == 0) || (val == -1 && byte & 0x40 != 0) {
                        data.push(byte);
                        break;
                    } else {
                        byte |= 0x80;
                    }
                    data.push(byte);
                }
                prev_line = entry.line;
            }

            // Emit DW_LNS_copy (opcode 1)
            data.push(1);
        }

        // Update header length
        let header_size = (program_start - header_length_offset - 4) as u32;
        let header_bytes = header_size.to_le_bytes();
        for (i, b) in header_bytes.iter().enumerate() {
            data[header_length_offset + i] = *b;
        }

        // Update unit length
        let unit_size = (data.len() - length_offset - 4) as u32;
        let unit_bytes = unit_size.to_le_bytes();
        for (i, b) in unit_bytes.iter().enumerate() {
            data[length_offset + i] = *b;
        }

        data
    }

    /// Number of source files.
    pub fn file_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.files.len()
    }

    /// Number of line entries.
    pub fn entry_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.entries.len()
    }

    /// Whether the table is empty.
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.entries.is_empty()
    }
}

impl Default for X86DebugLineTable {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new_x86_64()
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Debug Info Entities: Compile Units, Subprograms, Variables, Types
// ============================================================================

/// A DIE (Debugging Information Entry) attribute.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugAttribute {
    pub name: u16,
    pub form: u16,
    pub value: X86DebugAttrValue,
}

/// The value of a DIE attribute.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum X86DebugAttrValue {
    String(String),
    Data1(u8),
    Data2(u16),
    Data4(u32),
    Data8(u64),
    Flag(bool),
    Ref(u32),         // reference to another DIE
    ExprLoc(Vec<u8>), // location expression
    Block(Vec<u8>),   // general block
    UData(u64),
    SData(i64),
    SecOffset(u32),
}

/// A DIE (Debugging Information Entry).
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugDIE {
    pub tag: u16,
    pub attributes: Vec<X86DebugAttribute>,
    pub children: Vec<X86DebugDIE>,
}

impl X86DebugDIE {
    pub fn new(tag: u16) -> Self {
        Self {
            tag,
            attributes: Vec::new(),
            children: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    pub fn add_attr_string(&mut self, name: u16, value: &str) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_string,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::String(value.to_string()),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_attr_data4(&mut self, name: u16, value: u32) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_data4,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::Data4(value),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_attr_data8(&mut self, name: u16, value: u64) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_data8,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::Data8(value),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_attr_addr(&mut self, name: u16, value: u64) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_addr,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::Data8(value),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_attr_flag(&mut self, name: u16, value: bool) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_flag,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::Flag(value),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_attr_ref(&mut self, name: u16, die_offset: u32) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_ref4,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::Ref(die_offset),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_attr_exprloc(&mut self, name: u16, expr: &X86DebugLocationExpr) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_exprloc,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::ExprLoc(expr.bytes.clone()),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_attr_udata(&mut self, name: u16, value: u64) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_udata,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::UData(value),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_attr_sdata(&mut self, name: u16, value: i64) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_sdata,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::SData(value),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_attr_sec_offset(&mut self, name: u16, value: u32) {
        self.attributes.push(X86DebugAttribute {
            name,
            form: dwarf_form::DW_FORM_sec_offset,
            value: X86DebugAttrValue::SecOffset(value),
        });
    }

    pub fn add_child(&mut self, child: X86DebugDIE) {
        self.children.push(child);
    }
}

// ---- Compile Unit ----

/// A DWARF compile unit.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugCompileUnit {
    /// Compilation directory.
    pub comp_dir: String,
    /// Source file name.
    pub file_name: String,
    /// Producer string (e.g., compiler name).
    pub producer: String,
    /// Source language.
    pub language: u16,
    /// Address size.
    pub address_size: u8,
    /// DWARF version.
    pub dwarf_version: u16,
    /// The line table for this unit.
    pub line_table: X86DebugLineTable,
    /// Subprograms defined in this unit.
    pub subprograms: Vec<X86DebugSubprogram>,
    /// Global variables.
    pub global_variables: Vec<X86DebugVariable>,
    /// Section offset of this unit within .debug_info.
    pub section_offset: u64,
    /// Low PC of this unit.
    pub low_pc: u64,
    /// High PC of this unit.
    pub high_pc: u64,
    /// Whether to use DWARF 5 line table format.
    pub use_dwarf5_line: bool,
}

impl X86DebugCompileUnit {
    pub fn new_x86_64(file: &str, comp_dir: &str, producer: &str) -> Self {
        Self {
            comp_dir: comp_dir.to_string(),
            file_name: file.to_string(),
            producer: producer.to_string(),
            language: dwarf_lang::DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_17,
            address_size: 8,
            dwarf_version: 4,
            line_table: X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64(),
            subprograms: Vec::new(),
            global_variables: Vec::new(),
            section_offset: 0,
            low_pc: 0,
            high_pc: 0,
            use_dwarf5_line: false,
        }
    }

    pub fn new_x86_32(file: &str, comp_dir: &str, producer: &str) -> Self {
        let mut cu = Self::new_x86_64(file, comp_dir, producer);
        cu.address_size = 4;
        cu.line_table = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_32();
        cu
    }

    /// Set the language.
    pub fn set_language(&mut self, lang: u16) {
        self.language = lang;
    }

    /// Add a subprogram.
    pub fn add_subprogram(&mut self, sp: X86DebugSubprogram) {
        self.subprograms.push(sp);
    }

    /// Add a global variable.
    pub fn add_global_variable(&mut self, var: X86DebugVariable) {
        self.global_variables.push(var);
    }

    /// Set PC bounds.
    pub fn set_pc_range(&mut self, low_pc: u64, high_pc: u64) {
        self.low_pc = low_pc;
        self.high_pc = high_pc;
    }

    /// Build the top-level compile unit DIE.
    pub fn build_die(&self) -> X86DebugDIE {
        let mut cu_die = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_compile_unit);
        cu_die.add_attr_string(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_name, &self.file_name);
        cu_die.add_attr_string(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_comp_dir, &self.comp_dir);
        cu_die.add_attr_string(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_producer, &self.producer);
        cu_die.add_attr_data4(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_language, self.language as u32);
        cu_die.add_attr_addr(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_low_pc, self.low_pc);
        // High PC as offset from low_pc in DWARF4
        cu_die.add_attr_data8(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_high_pc, self.high_pc - self.low_pc);
        cu_die.add_attr_sec_offset(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_stmt_list, 0); // placeholder
        cu_die
    }

    /// Number of subprograms.
    pub fn subprogram_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.subprograms.len()
    }

    /// Number of global variables.
    pub fn global_var_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.global_variables.len()
    }
}

// ---- Subprogram ----

/// A DWARF subprogram (function).
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugSubprogram {
    /// Function name.
    pub name: String,
    /// Mangled / linkage name.
    pub linkage_name: Option<String>,
    /// Low PC (start of function).
    pub low_pc: u64,
    /// High PC (end of function, exclusive).
    pub high_pc: u64,
    /// Frame base location expression.
    pub frame_base: Option<X86DebugLocationExpr>,
    /// Return type DIE offset.
    pub return_type: Option<u32>,
    /// Formal parameters.
    pub parameters: Vec<X86DebugVariable>,
    /// Local variables.
    pub variables: Vec<X86DebugVariable>,
    /// Lexical blocks.
    pub lexical_blocks: Vec<X86DebugLexicalBlock>,
    /// Inlined subroutines within this function.
    pub inlined_subroutines: Vec<X86DebugInlinedSubroutine>,
    /// Whether the function has external linkage.
    pub is_external: bool,
    /// Inline code.
    pub inline_code: u16,
    /// Declaration file index.
    pub decl_file: u32,
    /// Declaration line.
    pub decl_line: u32,
    /// Declaration column.
    pub decl_column: u32,
    /// Whether this is an artificial subprogram.
    pub is_artificial: bool,
    /// Whether this is a declaration only (not definition).
    pub is_declaration: bool,
    /// Abstract origin DIE offset (for inlined instances).
    pub abstract_origin: Option<u32>,
}

impl X86DebugSubprogram {
    pub fn new(name: &str, low_pc: u64, high_pc: u64) -> Self {
        Self {
            name: name.to_string(),
            linkage_name: None,
            low_pc,
            high_pc,
            frame_base: None,
            return_type: None,
            parameters: Vec::new(),
            variables: Vec::new(),
            lexical_blocks: Vec::new(),
            inlined_subroutines: Vec::new(),
            is_external: false,
            inline_code: dwarf_inline::DW_INL_not_inlined,
            decl_file: 1,
            decl_line: 1,
            decl_column: 0,
            is_artificial: false,
            is_declaration: false,
            abstract_origin: None,
        }
    }

    /// Set the frame base expression.
    pub fn set_frame_base(&mut self, expr: X86DebugLocationExpr) {
        self.frame_base = Some(expr);
    }

    /// Set return type DIE offset.
    pub fn set_return_type(&mut self, offset: u32) {
        self.return_type = Some(offset);
    }

    /// Set linkage name.
    pub fn set_linkage_name(&mut self, name: &str) {
        self.linkage_name = Some(name.to_string());
    }

    /// Add a formal parameter.
    pub fn add_parameter(&mut self, param: X86DebugVariable) {
        self.parameters.push(param);
    }

    /// Add a local variable.
    pub fn add_variable(&mut self, var: X86DebugVariable) {
        self.variables.push(var);
    }

    /// Add a lexical block.
    pub fn add_lexical_block(&mut self, block: X86DebugLexicalBlock) {
        self.lexical_blocks.push(block);
    }

    /// Add an inlined subroutine.
    pub fn add_inlined_subroutine(&mut self, inline: X86DebugInlinedSubroutine) {
        self.inlined_subroutines.push(inline);
    }

    /// Set as an inlined instance.
    pub fn set_inlined(&mut self, code: u16) {
        self.inline_code = code;
    }

    /// Set abstract origin.
    pub fn set_abstract_origin(&mut self, offset: u32) {
        self.abstract_origin = Some(offset);
    }

    /// Compute x86-64 default frame base (DW_OP_call_frame_cfa).
    pub fn compute_x86_64_frame_base(&mut self) {
        let mut fb = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        fb.call_frame_cfa();
        self.frame_base = Some(fb);
    }

    /// Compute x86-32 default frame base.
    pub fn compute_x86_32_frame_base(&mut self) {
        let mut fb = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_32();
        fb.call_frame_cfa();
        self.frame_base = Some(fb);
    }

    /// Build a DIE for this subprogram.
    pub fn build_die(&self) -> X86DebugDIE {
        let mut die = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_subprogram);
        die.add_attr_string(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_name, &self.name);
        die.add_attr_addr(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_low_pc, self.low_pc);
        die.add_attr_data8(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_high_pc, self.high_pc - self.low_pc);
        if let Some(ref ln) = self.linkage_name {
            die.add_attr_string(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_linkage_name, ln);
        }
        if self.is_external {
            die.add_attr_flag(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_external, true);
        }
        if let Some(ref fb) = self.frame_base {
            die.add_attr_exprloc(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_frame_base, fb);
        }
        if let Some(ret) = self.return_type {
            die.add_attr_ref(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_type, ret);
        }
        die
    }
}

// ---- Variable ----

/// A DWARF variable (local, parameter, or global).
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugVariable {
    /// Variable name.
    pub name: String,
    /// DIE tag (DW_TAG_variable or DW_TAG_formal_parameter).
    pub tag: u16,
    /// Type name (for reference).
    pub type_name: Option<String>,
    /// Type DIE offset.
    pub type_offset: Option<u32>,
    /// Location expression.
    pub location: Option<X86DebugLocationExpr>,
    /// Declaration file.
    pub decl_file: u32,
    /// Declaration line.
    pub decl_line: u32,
    /// Declaration column.
    pub decl_column: u32,
    /// Whether external linkage.
    pub is_external: bool,
    /// Whether artificial.
    pub is_artificial: bool,
}

impl X86DebugVariable {
    pub fn new(name: &str, tag: u16) -> Self {
        Self {
            name: name.to_string(),
            tag,
            type_name: None,
            type_offset: None,
            location: None,
            decl_file: 1,
            decl_line: 0,
            decl_column: 0,
            is_external: false,
            is_artificial: false,
        }
    }

    /// Create a new formal parameter.
    pub fn new_parameter(name: &str) -> Self {
        Self::new(name, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_formal_parameter)
    }

    /// Create a new local variable.
    pub fn new_local(name: &str) -> Self {
        Self::new(name, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_variable)
    }

    /// Set the type.
    pub fn set_type(&mut self, type_name: &str, type_offset: u32) {
        self.type_name = Some(type_name.to_string());
        self.type_offset = Some(type_offset);
    }

    /// Set the location expression.
    pub fn set_location(&mut self, loc: X86DebugLocationExpr) {
        self.location = Some(loc);
    }

    /// Build a DIE for this variable.
    pub fn build_die(&self) -> X86DebugDIE {
        let mut die = X86DebugDIE::new(self.tag);
        die.add_attr_string(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_name, &self.name);
        if let Some(off) = self.type_offset {
            die.add_attr_ref(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_type, off);
        }
        if let Some(ref loc) = self.location {
            die.add_attr_exprloc(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_location, loc);
        }
        if self.decl_file > 0 {
            die.add_attr_data4(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_decl_file, self.decl_file);
        }
        if self.decl_line > 0 {
            die.add_attr_data4(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_decl_line, self.decl_line);
        }
        if self.is_artificial {
            die.add_attr_flag(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_artificial, true);
        }
        die
    }
}

// ---- Lexical Block ----

/// A DWARF lexical block (scope).
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugLexicalBlock {
    /// Low PC of the block.
    pub low_pc: u64,
    /// High PC of the block (exclusive).
    pub high_pc: u64,
    /// Variables local to this block.
    pub variables: Vec<X86DebugVariable>,
    /// Nested lexical blocks.
    pub nested_blocks: Vec<X86DebugLexicalBlock>,
}

impl X86DebugLexicalBlock {
    pub fn new(low_pc: u64, high_pc: u64) -> Self {
        Self {
            low_pc,
            high_pc,
            variables: Vec::new(),
            nested_blocks: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Add a variable to this block.
    pub fn add_variable(&mut self, var: X86DebugVariable) {
        self.variables.push(var);
    }

    /// Build a DIE for this lexical block.
    pub fn build_die(&self) -> X86DebugDIE {
        let mut die = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_lexical_block);
        die.add_attr_addr(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_low_pc, self.low_pc);
        die.add_attr_data8(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_high_pc, self.high_pc - self.low_pc);
        for var in &self.variables {
            die.add_child(var.build_die());
        }
        die
    }
}

// ---- Inlined Subroutine ----

/// A DWARF inlined subroutine.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugInlinedSubroutine {
    /// Abstract origin DIE offset (the concrete out-of-line subprogram).
    pub abstract_origin: u32,
    /// Low PC of the inlined instance.
    pub low_pc: u64,
    /// High PC of the inlined instance (exclusive).
    pub high_pc: u64,
    /// Call file.
    pub call_file: u32,
    /// Call line.
    pub call_line: u32,
    /// Call column.
    pub call_column: u32,
    /// Variables specific to this inlined instance.
    pub variables: Vec<X86DebugVariable>,
    /// Lexical blocks within the inlined instance.
    pub lexical_blocks: Vec<X86DebugLexicalBlock>,
}

impl X86DebugInlinedSubroutine {
    pub fn new(abstract_origin: u32, low_pc: u64, high_pc: u64) -> Self {
        Self {
            abstract_origin,
            low_pc,
            high_pc,
            call_file: 1,
            call_line: 0,
            call_column: 0,
            variables: Vec::new(),
            lexical_blocks: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Set the call site.
    pub fn set_call_site(&mut self, file: u32, line: u32, column: u32) {
        self.call_file = file;
        self.call_line = line;
        self.call_column = column;
    }

    /// Build a DIE for this inlined subroutine.
    pub fn build_die(&self) -> X86DebugDIE {
        let mut die = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine);
        die.add_attr_ref(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_abstract_origin, self.abstract_origin);
        die.add_attr_addr(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_low_pc, self.low_pc);
        die.add_attr_data8(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_high_pc, self.high_pc - self.low_pc);
        die.add_attr_data4(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_call_file, self.call_file);
        die.add_attr_data4(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_call_line, self.call_line);
        for var in &self.variables {
            die.add_child(var.build_die());
        }
        for block in &self.lexical_blocks {
            die.add_child(block.build_die());
        }
        die
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Variable Location Tracking (DBG_VALUE)
// ============================================================================

/// A DBG_VALUE instruction recording where a variable lives.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DbgValue {
    /// The variable being tracked.
    pub variable_name: String,
    /// The location expression.
    pub location: X86DebugLocationExpr,
    /// Instruction index this DBG_VALUE annotates.
    pub instruction_index: u32,
    /// Whether this DBG_VALUE is undefined (variable optimized away).
    pub is_undef: bool,
}

impl X86DbgValue {
    pub fn new(var_name: &str, location: X86DebugLocationExpr, inst_idx: u32) -> Self {
        Self {
            variable_name: var_name.to_string(),
            location,
            instruction_index: inst_idx,
            is_undef: false,
        }
    }

    /// Create an undefined DBG_VALUE (variable optimized away).
    pub fn undef(var_name: &str, inst_idx: u32) -> Self {
        Self {
            variable_name: var_name.to_string(),
            location: X86DebugLocationExpr::default(),
            instruction_index: inst_idx,
            is_undef: true,
        }
    }
}

/// A location range for a variable (start and end instruction indices).
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugLocRange {
    pub start_inst: u32,
    pub end_inst: u32,
    pub location: X86DebugLocationExpr,
}

/// Tracks variable locations across a function's instructions.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugVarLocTracker {
    /// Name of the function being tracked.
    pub function_name: String,
    /// Per-variable location ranges.
    pub var_ranges: HashMap<String, Vec<X86DebugLocRange>>,
    /// DBG_VALUE instructions emitted.
    pub dbg_values: Vec<X86DbgValue>,
}

impl X86DebugVarLocTracker {
    pub fn new(func_name: &str) -> Self {
        Self {
            function_name: func_name.to_string(),
            var_ranges: HashMap::new(),
            dbg_values: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Record a DBG_VALUE for a variable at an instruction.
    pub fn record_dbg_value(&mut self, dbg: X86DbgValue) {
        self.dbg_values.push(dbg.clone());
        let ranges = self
            .var_ranges
            .entry(dbg.variable_name.clone())
            .or_insert_with(Vec::new);
        if let Some(last) = ranges.last_mut() {
            last.end_inst = dbg.instruction_index;
        }
        ranges.push(X86DebugLocRange {
            start_inst: dbg.instruction_index,
            end_inst: dbg.instruction_index + 1,
            location: dbg.location,
        });
    }

    /// Register a variable being in a register for an instruction range.
    pub fn register_in_reg(
        &mut self,
        var_name: &str,
        reg_name: &str,
        start_inst: u32,
        end_inst: u32,
        is_64bit: bool,
    ) {
        let mut loc = if is_64bit {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64()
        } else {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_32()
        };
        loc.param_in_register(reg_name);
        let ranges = self
            .var_ranges
            .entry(var_name.to_string())
            .or_insert_with(Vec::new);
        ranges.push(X86DebugLocRange {
            start_inst,
            end_inst,
            location: loc,
        });
    }

    /// Register a variable being on the stack for an instruction range.
    pub fn register_on_stack(
        &mut self,
        var_name: &str,
        frame_offset: i32,
        start_inst: u32,
        end_inst: u32,
        is_64bit: bool,
    ) {
        let mut loc = if is_64bit {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64()
        } else {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_32()
        };
        loc.local_var_below_rbp(frame_offset as i64, is_64bit);
        let ranges = self
            .var_ranges
            .entry(var_name.to_string())
            .or_insert_with(Vec::new);
        ranges.push(X86DebugLocRange {
            start_inst,
            end_inst,
            location: loc,
        });
    }

    /// Get all locations for a variable.
    pub fn get_locations(&self, var_name: &str) -> Option<&Vec<X86DebugLocRange>> {
        self.var_ranges.get(var_name)
    }

    /// Get all tracked variable names.
    pub fn tracked_variables(&self) -> Vec<String> {
        self.var_ranges.keys().cloned().collect()
    }

    /// Number of DBG_VALUEs emitted.
    pub fn dbg_value_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.dbg_values.len()
    }
}

impl Default for X86DebugVarLocTracker {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new("unknown")
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// CodeView Debug Info (Windows)
// ============================================================================

/// A CodeView type record kind.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum X86CVLeafType {
    LF_POINTER = 0x1002,
    LF_MODIFIER = 0x1001,
    LF_PROCEDURE = 0x1008,
    LF_MFUNCTION = 0x1009,
    LF_ARGLIST = 0x1201,
    LF_FIELDLIST = 0x1203,
    LF_STRUCTURE = 0x1505,
    LF_UNION = 0x1506,
    LF_ENUM = 0x1507,
    LF_ARRAY = 0x1508,
    LF_CLASS = 0x1509,
    LF_MEMBER = 0x150d,
    LF_STMEMBER = 0x150e,
    LF_METHOD = 0x150f,
    LF_NESTTYPE = 0x1510,
    LF_ONEMETHOD = 0x1511,
    LF_ENUMERATE = 0x1502,
    LF_BITFIELD = 0x1205,
    LF_METHODLIST = 0x1206,
}

/// A CodeView type record.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86CVTypeRecord {
    pub leaf: u16,
    pub data: Vec<u8>,
}

/// A CodeView symbol record kind.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum X86CVSymbolKind {
    S_COMPILE3 = 0x113c,
    S_OBJNAME = 0x1101,
    S_GPROC32 = 0x1110,
    S_GPROC32_ID = 0x1146,
    S_LPROC32 = 0x110f,
    S_LPROC32_ID = 0x1147,
    S_END = 0x0006,
    S_BLOCK32 = 0x1103,
    S_LABEL32 = 0x1105,
    S_REGREL32 = 0x1111,
    S_CONSTANT = 0x1107,
    S_UDT = 0x1108,
    S_LDATA32 = 0x110c,
    S_GDATA32 = 0x110d,
    S_PUB32 = 0x110e,
    S_LTHREAD32 = 0x1112,
    S_GTHREAD32 = 0x1113,
    S_FRAMEPROC = 0x1012,
    S_FRAMECOOKIE = 0x1135,
    S_CALLSITEINFO = 0x1139,
    S_HEAPALLOCSITE = 0x1140,
    S_INLINESITE = 0x114d,
    S_INLINESITE_END = 0x114e,
    S_DEFRANGE_REGISTER = 0x1141,
    S_DEFRANGE_FRAMEPOINTER_REL = 0x1142,
}

/// A CodeView symbol record.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86CVSymbolRecord {
    pub kind: u16,
    pub data: Vec<u8>,
}

/// A CodeView line number entry.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86CVLineEntry {
    pub offset: u32,     // offset from function start
    pub line_start: u32, // line number
}

/// A CodeView line table for a section.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86CVLineTable {
    pub section_index: u32,
    pub entries: Vec<X86CVLineEntry>,
    pub file_checksums: Vec<(String, Vec<u8>)>,
    pub source_files: Vec<String>,
}

impl X86CVLineTable {
    pub fn new(section_index: u32) -> Self {
        Self {
            section_index,
            entries: Vec::new(),
            file_checksums: Vec::new(),
            source_files: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Add a line entry.
    pub fn add_line(&mut self, offset: u32, line: u32) {
        self.entries.push(X86CVLineEntry {
            offset,
            line_start: line,
        });
    }

    /// Add a source file.
    pub fn add_source_file(&mut self, path: &str) {
        if !self.source_files.iter().any(|f| f == path) {
            self.source_files.push(path.to_string());
        }
    }

    /// Number of line entries.
    pub fn entry_count(&self) -> usize {
        self.entries.len()
    }

    /// Whether the line table is empty.
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.entries.is_empty()
    }
}

impl Default for X86CVLineTable {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new(1)
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// X86DebugCodeGen — Top-level Orchestrator
// ============================================================================

/// The top-level X86 debug info codegen orchestrator.
///
/// Manages DWARF debug info generation from IR: compile units,
/// subprograms, variables, types, lexical blocks, inlined subroutines,
/// location expressions, variable location tracking (DBG_VALUE),
/// line tables, and CodeView debug info for Windows.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct X86DebugCodeGen {
    /// All compile units being generated.
    pub compile_units: Vec<X86DebugCompileUnit>,
    /// Current compile unit index.
    pub current_cu: usize,
    /// Per-function variable location trackers.
    pub var_loc_trackers: HashMap<String, X86DebugVarLocTracker>,
    /// CodeView type records.
    pub cv_type_records: Vec<X86CVTypeRecord>,
    /// CodeView symbol records.
    pub cv_symbol_records: Vec<X86CVSymbolRecord>,
    /// CodeView line tables.
    pub cv_line_tables: Vec<X86CVLineTable>,
    /// Target triple.
    pub target_triple: String,
    /// Whether generating 64-bit code.
    pub is_64bit: bool,
    /// Whether generating CodeView (Windows) debug info.
    pub use_codeview: bool,
    /// Statistics.
    pub stats: X86DebugCodeGenStats,
}

/// Codegen statistics.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct X86DebugCodeGenStats {
    pub compile_units: u64,
    pub subprograms: u64,
    pub variables: u64,
    pub line_entries: u64,
    pub dbg_values: u64,
    pub lexical_blocks: u64,
    pub inlined_subroutines: u64,
    pub cv_types: u64,
    pub cv_symbols: u64,
}

impl X86DebugCodeGen {
    /// Create a new debug codegen instance for x86-64.
    pub fn new_x86_64() -> Self {
        Self {
            compile_units: Vec::new(),
            current_cu: 0,
            var_loc_trackers: HashMap::new(),
            cv_type_records: Vec::new(),
            cv_symbol_records: Vec::new(),
            cv_line_tables: Vec::new(),
            target_triple: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
            is_64bit: true,
            use_codeview: false,
            stats: X86DebugCodeGenStats::default(),
        }
    }

    /// Create a new debug codegen instance for x86-32.
    pub fn new_x86_32() -> Self {
        Self {
            target_triple: "i386-unknown-linux-gnu".to_string(),
            is_64bit: false,
            ..Self::new_x86_64()
        }
    }

    /// Configure for Windows/MSVC target (CodeView).
    pub fn as_windows(&mut self) {
        self.target_triple = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc".to_string();
        self.use_codeview = true;
    }

    // ---- Compile Unit Management ----

    /// Create a new compile unit and make it current.
    pub fn create_compile_unit(
        &mut self,
        file: &str,
        comp_dir: &str,
        producer: &str,
    ) -> &mut X86DebugCompileUnit {
        let cu = if self.is_64bit {
            X86DebugCompileUnit::new_x86_64(file, comp_dir, producer)
        } else {
            X86DebugCompileUnit::new_x86_32(file, comp_dir, producer)
        };
        self.compile_units.push(cu);
        self.current_cu = self.compile_units.len() - 1;
        self.stats.compile_units += 1;
        &mut self.compile_units[self.current_cu]
    }

    /// Get the current compile unit.
    pub fn current_compile_unit(&self) -> Option<&X86DebugCompileUnit> {
        self.compile_units.get(self.current_cu)
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to the current compile unit.
    pub fn current_compile_unit_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut X86DebugCompileUnit> {
        self.compile_units.get_mut(self.current_cu)
    }

    // ---- Subprogram Management ----

    /// Add a subprogram to the current compile unit.
    pub fn add_subprogram(&mut self, name: &str, low_pc: u64, high_pc: u64) {
        let mut sp = X86DebugSubprogram::new(name, low_pc, high_pc);
        if self.is_64bit {
            sp.compute_x86_64_frame_base();
        } else {
            sp.compute_x86_32_frame_base();
        }
        sp.is_external = true;
        if let Some(cu) = self.current_compile_unit_mut() {
            cu.add_subprogram(sp);
            self.stats.subprograms += 1;
        }
    }

    /// Add a local variable to the most recently added subprogram.
    pub fn add_local_variable(
        &mut self,
        var_name: &str,
        frame_offset: i32,
        type_name: &str,
        _type_offset: u32,
    ) {
        let mut var = X86DebugVariable::new_local(var_name);
        var.set_type(type_name, _type_offset);
        let mut loc = if self.is_64bit {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64()
        } else {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_32()
        };
        loc.local_var_below_rbp(frame_offset as i64, self.is_64bit);
        var.set_location(loc);

        if let Some(cu) = self.current_compile_unit_mut() {
            if let Some(sp) = cu.subprograms.last_mut() {
                sp.add_variable(var);
                self.stats.variables += 1;
            }
        }
    }

    /// Add a parameter to the most recently added subprogram.
    pub fn add_parameter(
        &mut self,
        param_name: &str,
        reg_name: &str,
        type_name: &str,
        type_offset: u32,
    ) {
        let mut var = X86DebugVariable::new_parameter(param_name);
        var.set_type(type_name, type_offset);
        let mut loc = if self.is_64bit {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64()
        } else {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_32()
        };
        loc.param_in_register(reg_name);
        var.set_location(loc);

        if let Some(cu) = self.current_compile_unit_mut() {
            if let Some(sp) = cu.subprograms.last_mut() {
                sp.add_parameter(var);
            }
        }
    }

    // ---- Variable Location Tracking ----

    /// Begin tracking variable locations for a function.
    pub fn begin_function(&mut self, func_name: &str) {
        self.var_loc_trackers
            .insert(func_name.to_string(), X86DebugVarLocTracker::new(func_name));
    }

    /// Record a DBG_VALUE for a variable.
    pub fn record_dbg_value(
        &mut self,
        func_name: &str,
        var_name: &str,
        location: X86DebugLocationExpr,
        inst_idx: u32,
    ) {
        if let Some(tracker) = self.var_loc_trackers.get_mut(func_name) {
            tracker.record_dbg_value(X86DbgValue::new(var_name, location, inst_idx));
            self.stats.dbg_values += 1;
        }
    }

    /// Record a variable being in a register.
    pub fn track_var_in_reg(
        &mut self,
        func_name: &str,
        var_name: &str,
        reg_name: &str,
        start_inst: u32,
        end_inst: u32,
    ) {
        if let Some(tracker) = self.var_loc_trackers.get_mut(func_name) {
            tracker.register_in_reg(var_name, reg_name, start_inst, end_inst, self.is_64bit);
        }
    }

    /// Record a variable being on the stack.
    pub fn track_var_on_stack(
        &mut self,
        func_name: &str,
        var_name: &str,
        frame_offset: i32,
        start_inst: u32,
        end_inst: u32,
    ) {
        if let Some(tracker) = self.var_loc_trackers.get_mut(func_name) {
            tracker.register_on_stack(var_name, frame_offset, start_inst, end_inst, self.is_64bit);
        }
    }

    /// Finish tracking for a function.
    pub fn end_function(&mut self, func_name: &str) -> Option<X86DebugVarLocTracker> {
        self.var_loc_trackers.remove(func_name)
    }

    // ---- Line Table ----

    /// Add a source line entry to the current compile unit's line table.
    pub fn add_line_entry(&mut self, line: u32, column: u32, file: u32, address: u64) {
        if let Some(cu) = self.current_compile_unit_mut() {
            cu.line_table.add_line(line, column, file, address);
            self.stats.line_entries += 1;
        }
    }

    /// Add a line table file to the current compile unit.
    pub fn add_line_file(&mut self, name: &str, dir_index: u32) -> u32 {
        if let Some(cu) = self.current_compile_unit_mut() {
            cu.line_table.add_file(name, dir_index)
        } else {
            0
        }
    }

    /// Add a line table directory to the current compile unit.
    pub fn add_line_directory(&mut self, path: &str) -> u32 {
        if let Some(cu) = self.current_compile_unit_mut() {
            cu.line_table.add_directory(path)
        } else {
            0
        }
    }

    // ---- Lexical Blocks ----

    /// Add a lexical block to the last subprogram.
    pub fn add_lexical_block(&mut self, low_pc: u64, high_pc: u64) {
        let block = X86DebugLexicalBlock::new(low_pc, high_pc);
        if let Some(cu) = self.current_compile_unit_mut() {
            if let Some(sp) = cu.subprograms.last_mut() {
                sp.add_lexical_block(block);
                self.stats.lexical_blocks += 1;
            }
        }
    }

    // ---- Inlined Subroutines ----

    /// Add an inlined subroutine to the last subprogram.
    pub fn add_inlined_subroutine(
        &mut self,
        abstract_origin: u32,
        low_pc: u64,
        high_pc: u64,
        call_file: u32,
        call_line: u32,
    ) {
        let mut inline = X86DebugInlinedSubroutine::new(abstract_origin, low_pc, high_pc);
        inline.set_call_site(call_file, call_line, 0);
        if let Some(cu) = self.current_compile_unit_mut() {
            if let Some(sp) = cu.subprograms.last_mut() {
                sp.add_inlined_subroutine(inline);
                self.stats.inlined_subroutines += 1;
            }
        }
    }

    // ---- CodeView ----

    /// Add a CodeView type record.
    pub fn cv_add_type_record(&mut self, leaf: u16, data: Vec<u8>) {
        self.cv_type_records.push(X86CVTypeRecord { leaf, data });
        self.stats.cv_types += 1;
    }

    /// Add a CodeView symbol record.
    pub fn cv_add_symbol_record(&mut self, kind: u16, data: Vec<u8>) {
        self.cv_symbol_records
            .push(X86CVSymbolRecord { kind, data });
        self.stats.cv_symbols += 1;
    }

    /// Create a new CodeView line table.
    pub fn cv_create_line_table(&mut self, section_index: u32) -> usize {
        self.cv_line_tables.push(X86CVLineTable::new(section_index));
        self.cv_line_tables.len() - 1
    }

    /// Add a CodeView line entry.
    pub fn cv_add_line_entry(&mut self, table_idx: usize, offset: u32, line: u32) {
        if let Some(table) = self.cv_line_tables.get_mut(table_idx) {
            table.add_line(offset, line);
            self.stats.line_entries += 1;
        }
    }

    // ---- Global Variables ----

    /// Add a global variable to the current compile unit.
    pub fn add_global_variable(
        &mut self,
        name: &str,
        address: u64,
        type_name: &str,
        type_offset: u32,
    ) {
        let mut var = X86DebugVariable::new(name, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_variable);
        var.is_external = true;
        var.set_type(type_name, type_offset);
        let mut loc = if self.is_64bit {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64()
        } else {
            X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_32()
        };
        loc.addr(address);
        var.set_location(loc);

        if let Some(cu) = self.current_compile_unit_mut() {
            cu.add_global_variable(var);
        }
    }

    // ---- Statistics ----

    /// Get codegen statistics.
    pub fn get_stats(&self) -> &X86DebugCodeGenStats {
        &self.stats
    }

    /// Reset all state.
    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.compile_units.clear();
        self.current_cu = 0;
        self.var_loc_trackers.clear();
        self.cv_type_records.clear();
        self.cv_symbol_records.clear();
        self.cv_line_tables.clear();
        self.stats = X86DebugCodeGenStats::default();
    }
}

impl Default for X86DebugCodeGen {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new_x86_64()
    }
}

// ============================================================================
// Tests
// ============================================================================

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    // --- Location Expression Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_new_x86_64() {
        let expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        assert_eq!(expr.address_size, 8);
        assert!(expr.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_new_x86_32() {
        let expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_32();
        assert_eq!(expr.address_size, 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_addr() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.addr(0x401000);
        assert!(!expr.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_addr);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_deref() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.deref();
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_deref);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_reg_compact() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.reg(5); // RDI
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_reg0 + 5);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_reg_extended() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.reg(50); // needs regx
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_regx);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_breg() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.breg(6, -8); // RBP-8
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_breg0 + 6);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_fbreg() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.fbreg(-16);
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_fbreg);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_piece() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.reg(0).piece(4);
        assert!(expr.as_bytes().contains(&dwarf_op::DW_OP_piece));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_bit_piece() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.reg(0).bit_piece(32, 0);
        assert!(expr.as_bytes().contains(&dwarf_op::DW_OP_bit_piece));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_stack_value() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.stack_value();
        assert!(!expr.is_location);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_implicit_value() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.implicit_value(&[0x42, 0x43]);
        assert!(!expr.is_location);
        assert!(expr.as_bytes().contains(&0x42));
        assert!(expr.as_bytes().contains(&0x43));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_arithmetic() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.plus();
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_plus);
        expr.minus();
        expr.mul();
        expr.div();
        expr.and();
        expr.or();
        expr.xor();
        expr.shl();
        expr.shr();
        assert!(!expr.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_comparisons() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.reg(0);
        // Just ensure all arithmetic ops can be appended without panic
        expr.plus_uconst(42);
        expr.dup();
        expr.drop();
        expr.over();
        expr.swap();
        expr.rot();
        expr.pick(2);
        expr.nop();
        assert!(!expr.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_clear() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.addr(0x1000);
        expr.clear();
        assert!(expr.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_rbp_offset() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.rbp_offset_64(-8);
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_breg0 + 6);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_in_rax() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.in_rax();
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_reg0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_in_xmm() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.in_xmm(5);
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_reg0 + 22); // XMM0 = 17, +5 = 22
    }

    // --- Register Mapping Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_x86_64_reg_to_dwarf() {
        assert_eq!(x86_64_reg_to_dwarf("rax"), Some(0));
        assert_eq!(x86_64_reg_to_dwarf("rbp"), Some(6));
        assert_eq!(x86_64_reg_to_dwarf("rsp"), Some(7));
        assert_eq!(x86_64_reg_to_dwarf("r15"), Some(15));
        assert_eq!(x86_64_reg_to_dwarf("rip"), Some(16));
        assert_eq!(x86_64_reg_to_dwarf("nonexistent"), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_x86_32_reg_to_dwarf() {
        assert_eq!(x86_32_reg_to_dwarf("eax"), Some(0));
        assert_eq!(x86_32_reg_to_dwarf("ebp"), Some(5));
        assert_eq!(x86_32_reg_to_dwarf("ebx"), Some(3));
        assert_eq!(x86_32_reg_to_dwarf("nonexistent"), None);
    }

    // --- Line Table Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_new_64() {
        let tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        assert_eq!(tbl.address_size, 8);
        assert_eq!(tbl.version, 4);
        assert!(tbl.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_new_32() {
        let tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_32();
        assert_eq!(tbl.address_size, 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_add_file() {
        let mut tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        let idx = tbl.add_file("test.cpp", 0);
        assert_eq!(idx, 1);
        assert_eq!(tbl.file_count(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_add_directory() {
        let mut tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        let idx = tbl.add_directory("/home/user/src");
        assert_eq!(idx, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_add_entry() {
        let mut tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        tbl.add_line(10, 5, 1, 0x401000);
        tbl.add_line(11, 5, 1, 0x401004);
        assert_eq!(tbl.entry_count(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_add_end_sequence() {
        let mut tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        tbl.add_end_sequence(0x401008);
        assert_eq!(tbl.entry_count(), 1);
        assert!(tbl.entries[0].end_sequence);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_emit_non_empty() {
        let mut tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        tbl.add_line(5, 0, 1, 0x1000);
        tbl.add_line(6, 0, 1, 0x1004);
        let data = tbl.emit();
        assert!(!data.is_empty());
        // Should start with unit length, version, etc.
        assert!(data.len() > 10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_emit_empty() {
        let tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        let data = tbl.emit();
        assert!(!data.is_empty());
    }

    // --- DIE Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_die_new() {
        let die = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_compile_unit);
        assert_eq!(die.tag, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_compile_unit);
        assert!(die.attributes.is_empty());
        assert!(die.children.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_die_add_attributes() {
        let mut die = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_subprogram);
        die.add_attr_string(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_name, "main");
        die.add_attr_data4(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_decl_line, 42);
        die.add_attr_flag(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_external, true);
        assert_eq!(die.attributes.len(), 3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_die_add_child() {
        let mut parent = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_compile_unit);
        let child = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_subprogram);
        parent.add_child(child);
        assert_eq!(parent.children.len(), 1);
    }

    // --- Compile Unit Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_cu_new_x86_64() {
        let cu = X86DebugCompileUnit::new_x86_64("main.cpp", "/src", "mycc");
        assert_eq!(cu.file_name, "main.cpp");
        assert_eq!(cu.comp_dir, "/src");
        assert_eq!(cu.producer, "mycc");
        assert_eq!(cu.address_size, 8);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cu_new_x86_32() {
        let cu = X86DebugCompileUnit::new_x86_32("test.c", "/src", "gcc");
        assert_eq!(cu.address_size, 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cu_set_language() {
        let mut cu = X86DebugCompileUnit::new_x86_64("f.c", ".", "cc");
        cu.set_language(dwarf_lang::DW_LANG_C11);
        assert_eq!(cu.language, dwarf_lang::DW_LANG_C11);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cu_add_subprogram() {
        let mut cu = X86DebugCompileUnit::new_x86_64("f.c", ".", "cc");
        cu.add_subprogram(X86DebugSubprogram::new("foo", 0x1000, 0x1100));
        assert_eq!(cu.subprogram_count(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cu_add_global_variable() {
        let mut cu = X86DebugCompileUnit::new_x86_64("f.c", ".", "cc");
        cu.add_global_variable(X86DebugVariable::new_local("g_var"));
        assert_eq!(cu.global_var_count(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cu_build_die() {
        let mut cu = X86DebugCompileUnit::new_x86_64("test.c", "/tmp", "clang");
        cu.set_pc_range(0x4000, 0x5000);
        let die = cu.build_die();
        assert_eq!(die.tag, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_compile_unit);
        assert!(die.attributes.len() >= 4);
    }

    // --- Subprogram Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_subprogram_new() {
        let sp = X86DebugSubprogram::new("myfunc", 0x1000, 0x1200);
        assert_eq!(sp.name, "myfunc");
        assert_eq!(sp.low_pc, 0x1000);
        assert_eq!(sp.high_pc, 0x1200);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_subprogram_with_variables() {
        let mut sp = X86DebugSubprogram::new("calc", 0x2000, 0x2100);
        sp.add_variable(X86DebugVariable::new_local("x"));
        sp.add_parameter(X86DebugVariable::new_parameter("n"));
        assert_eq!(sp.variables.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(sp.parameters.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_subprogram_set_frame_base() {
        let mut sp = X86DebugSubprogram::new("fn", 0x1000, 0x1100);
        let mut fb = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        fb.call_frame_cfa();
        sp.set_frame_base(fb);
        assert!(sp.frame_base.is_some());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_subprogram_compute_frame_base() {
        let mut sp = X86DebugSubprogram::new("fn", 0x1000, 0x1100);
        sp.compute_x86_64_frame_base();
        assert!(sp.frame_base.is_some());
        let fb = sp.frame_base.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(fb.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_call_frame_cfa);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_subprogram_set_linkage_name() {
        let mut sp = X86DebugSubprogram::new("fn", 0x1000, 0x1100);
        sp.set_linkage_name("_Z2fnv");
        assert_eq!(sp.linkage_name, Some("_Z2fnv".to_string()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_subprogram_build_die() {
        let mut sp = X86DebugSubprogram::new("main", 0x4000, 0x4100);
        sp.compute_x86_64_frame_base();
        sp.set_linkage_name("_Z4mainv");
        let die = sp.build_die();
        assert_eq!(die.tag, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_subprogram);
        assert!(die
            .attributes
            .iter()
            .any(|a| a.name == dwarf_attr::DW_AT_name));
    }

    // --- Variable Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_variable_new_local() {
        let var = X86DebugVariable::new_local("counter");
        assert_eq!(var.tag, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_variable);
        assert_eq!(var.name, "counter");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_variable_new_parameter() {
        let var = X86DebugVariable::new_parameter("argc");
        assert_eq!(var.tag, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_formal_parameter);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_variable_set_type() {
        let mut var = X86DebugVariable::new_local("x");
        var.set_type("int", 42);
        assert_eq!(var.type_name, Some("int".to_string()));
        assert_eq!(var.type_offset, Some(42));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_variable_set_location() {
        let mut var = X86DebugVariable::new_local("x");
        let mut loc = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        loc.rbp_offset_64(-4);
        var.set_location(loc);
        assert!(var.location.is_some());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_variable_build_die() {
        let mut var = X86DebugVariable::new_local("x");
        var.set_type("int", 10);
        let mut loc = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        loc.rbp_offset_64(-4);
        var.set_location(loc);
        let die = var.build_die();
        assert_eq!(die.tag, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_variable);
    }

    // --- Lexical Block Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_lexical_block_new() {
        let block = X86DebugLexicalBlock::new(0x4000, 0x4100);
        assert_eq!(block.low_pc, 0x4000);
        assert_eq!(block.high_pc, 0x4100);
        assert!(block.variables.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_lexical_block_add_variable() {
        let mut block = X86DebugLexicalBlock::new(0x4000, 0x4100);
        block.add_variable(X86DebugVariable::new_local("tmp"));
        assert_eq!(block.variables.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_lexical_block_build_die() {
        let mut block = X86DebugLexicalBlock::new(0x4000, 0x4100);
        block.add_variable(X86DebugVariable::new_local("v"));
        let die = block.build_die();
        assert_eq!(die.tag, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_lexical_block);
        assert_eq!(die.children.len(), 1);
    }

    // --- Inlined Subroutine Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_inlined_subroutine_new() {
        let inline = X86DebugInlinedSubroutine::new(42, 0x5000, 0x5100);
        assert_eq!(inline.abstract_origin, 42);
        assert_eq!(inline.low_pc, 0x5000);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_inlined_subroutine_set_call_site() {
        let mut inline = X86DebugInlinedSubroutine::new(42, 0x5000, 0x5100);
        inline.set_call_site(1, 100, 5);
        assert_eq!(inline.call_file, 1);
        assert_eq!(inline.call_line, 100);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_inlined_subroutine_build_die() {
        let mut inline = X86DebugInlinedSubroutine::new(42, 0x5000, 0x5100);
        inline.set_call_site(1, 100, 5);
        let die = inline.build_die();
        assert_eq!(die.tag, dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine);
    }

    // --- Var Loc Tracker Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_var_loc_tracker_new() {
        let tracker = X86DebugVarLocTracker::new("test_func");
        assert_eq!(tracker.function_name, "test_func");
        assert!(tracker.var_ranges.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_var_loc_tracker_record_dbg_value() {
        let mut tracker = X86DebugVarLocTracker::new("f");
        let loc = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        tracker.record_dbg_value(X86DbgValue::new("x", loc.clone(), 0));
        tracker.record_dbg_value(X86DbgValue::new("x", loc, 1));
        assert_eq!(tracker.dbg_value_count(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_var_loc_tracker_register_in_reg() {
        let mut tracker = X86DebugVarLocTracker::new("f");
        tracker.register_in_reg("y", "rax", 0, 10, true);
        assert_eq!(tracker.tracked_variables(), vec!["y"]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_var_loc_tracker_register_on_stack() {
        let mut tracker = X86DebugVarLocTracker::new("f");
        tracker.register_on_stack("z", -8, 0, 10, true);
        assert!(tracker.get_locations("z").is_some());
    }

    // --- CodeView Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_cv_line_table_new() {
        let tbl = X86CVLineTable::new(1);
        assert_eq!(tbl.section_index, 1);
        assert!(tbl.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cv_line_table_add_line() {
        let mut tbl = X86CVLineTable::new(1);
        tbl.add_line(0, 10);
        tbl.add_line(4, 12);
        assert_eq!(tbl.entry_count(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cv_line_table_add_source_file() {
        let mut tbl = X86CVLineTable::new(1);
        tbl.add_source_file("main.cpp");
        tbl.add_source_file("main.cpp"); // duplicate
        assert_eq!(tbl.source_files.len(), 1);
    }

    // --- X86DebugCodeGen Tests ---

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_new_x86_64() {
        let dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        assert!(dc.is_64bit);
        assert!(!dc.use_codeview);
        assert_eq!(dc.compile_units.len(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_new_x86_32() {
        let dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_32();
        assert!(!dc.is_64bit);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_as_windows() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.as_windows();
        assert!(dc.use_codeview);
        assert!(dc.target_triple.contains("windows"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_create_compile_unit() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("test.c", "/build", "mycc");
        assert_eq!(dc.compile_units.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.compile_units, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_add_subprogram() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("test.c", ".", "cc");
        dc.add_subprogram("main", 0x4000, 0x4100);
        let cu = dc.current_compile_unit().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(cu.subprogram_count(), 1);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.subprograms, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_add_local_variable() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("t.c", ".", "cc");
        dc.add_subprogram("f", 0x1000, 0x1100);
        dc.add_local_variable("x", -4, "int", 10);
        let cu = dc.current_compile_unit().unwrap();
        let sp = &cu.subprograms[0];
        assert_eq!(sp.variables.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.variables, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_add_parameter() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("p.c", ".", "cc");
        dc.add_subprogram("g", 0x2000, 0x2100);
        dc.add_parameter("argc", "rdi", "int", 10);
        let cu = dc.current_compile_unit().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(cu.subprograms[0].parameters.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_add_line_entry() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("lines.c", ".", "cc");
        dc.add_line_entry(10, 5, 1, 0x5000);
        dc.add_line_entry(11, 5, 1, 0x5004);
        let cu = dc.current_compile_unit().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(cu.line_table.entry_count(), 2);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.line_entries, 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_add_line_file() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("f.c", ".", "cc");
        let idx = dc.add_line_file("f.c", 0);
        assert_eq!(idx, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_add_line_directory() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("f.c", ".", "cc");
        let idx = dc.add_line_directory("/include");
        assert_eq!(idx, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_add_lexical_block() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("b.c", ".", "cc");
        dc.add_subprogram("loop", 0x3000, 0x3100);
        dc.add_lexical_block(0x3020, 0x3080);
        let cu = dc.current_compile_unit().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(cu.subprograms[0].lexical_blocks.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.lexical_blocks, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_add_inlined_subroutine() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("i.c", ".", "cc");
        dc.add_subprogram("outer", 0x4000, 0x4200);
        dc.add_inlined_subroutine(100, 0x4100, 0x4150, 1, 5);
        let cu = dc.current_compile_unit().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(cu.subprograms[0].inlined_subroutines.len(), 1);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.inlined_subroutines, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_add_global_variable() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("g.c", ".", "cc");
        dc.add_global_variable("global_counter", 0x600000, "int", 10);
        let cu = dc.current_compile_unit().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(cu.global_var_count(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_variable_location_tracking() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.begin_function("work");

        let mut loc = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        loc.rbp_offset_64(-8);
        dc.record_dbg_value("work", "result", loc.clone(), 0);

        dc.track_var_in_reg("work", "tmp", "rax", 2, 8);
        dc.track_var_on_stack("work", "buf", -16, 0, 10);

        let tracker = dc.end_function("work").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(tracker.tracked_variables().len(), 3);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.dbg_values, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_codeview_types() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.as_windows();
        dc.cv_add_type_record(0x1002, vec![0x01, 0x02]);
        dc.cv_add_symbol_record(0x1110, vec![0x03]);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.cv_types, 1);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.cv_symbols, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_codeview_line_table() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.as_windows();
        let idx = dc.cv_create_line_table(1);
        dc.cv_add_line_entry(idx, 0, 5);
        dc.cv_add_line_entry(idx, 4, 6);
        assert_eq!(dc.cv_line_tables[idx].entry_count(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_get_stats() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("s.c", ".", "cc");
        dc.add_subprogram("f", 0x1000, 0x1100);
        let stats = dc.get_stats();
        assert_eq!(stats.compile_units, 1);
        assert_eq!(stats.subprograms, 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_reset() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        dc.create_compile_unit("t.c", ".", "cc");
        dc.add_subprogram("f", 0x1000, 0x1100);
        dc.reset();
        assert_eq!(dc.compile_units.len(), 0);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.compile_units, 0);
        assert_eq!(dc.stats.subprograms, 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_codegen_end_to_end() {
        let mut dc = X86DebugCodeGen::new_x86_64();
        let cu = dc.create_compile_unit("app.cpp", "/project", "X86DebugCompiler 1.0");

        dc.add_line_directory("/usr/include");
        dc.add_line_file("app.cpp", 0);
        dc.add_line_file("header.h", 1);

        dc.add_subprogram("main", 0x401000, 0x401200);
        dc.add_parameter("argc", "rdi", "int", 1);
        dc.add_parameter("argv", "rsi", "char**", 2);
        dc.add_local_variable("result", -4, "int", 1);
        dc.add_local_variable("buffer", -64, "char[64]", 3);

        dc.add_line_entry(3, 1, 1, 0x401000);
        dc.add_line_entry(4, 5, 1, 0x401010);
        dc.add_line_entry(5, 5, 1, 0x401020);

        dc.add_lexical_block(0x401010, 0x401050);
        dc.add_inlined_subroutine(10, 0x401100, 0x401180, 1, 4);

        cu.set_pc_range(0x401000, 0x401200);

        assert_eq!(cu.subprogram_count(), 1);
        assert_eq!(cu.line_table.entry_count(), 3);
        assert_eq!(cu.line_table.file_count(), 2);
        assert_eq!(cu.subprograms[0].inlined_subroutines.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_dwarf_constants() {
        assert_eq!(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_compile_unit, 0x11);
        assert_eq!(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_subprogram, 0x2e);
        assert_eq!(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_name, 0x03);
        assert_eq!(dwarf_op::DW_OP_addr, 0x03);
        assert_eq!(dwarf_lang::DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_17, 0x002e);
        assert_eq!(x86_64_dwarf_reg::RBP, 6);
        assert_eq!(x86_64_dwarf_reg::XMM0, 17);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_entry_value() {
        let mut inner = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        inner.reg(0);
        let mut outer = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        outer.entry_value(&inner);
        assert!(outer.bytes.contains(&dwarf_op::DW_OP_entry_value));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_form_tls_address() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.reg(0).form_tls_address();
        assert!(expr.bytes.contains(&dwarf_op::DW_OP_form_tls_address));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_call_frame_cfa() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.call_frame_cfa();
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_call_frame_cfa);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_param_in_register() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.param_in_register("rdi");
        assert_eq!(expr.bytes[0], dwarf_op::DW_OP_reg0 + 5); // RDI
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_param_on_stack() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.call_frame_cfa();
        expr.plus_uconst(16);
        // Just testing no panic
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_convert_reinterpret() {
        let mut expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        expr.reg(0);
        expr.convert(100);
        expr.reinterpret(200);
        assert!(expr.bytes.contains(&dwarf_op::DW_OP_convert));
        assert!(expr.bytes.contains(&dwarf_op::DW_OP_reinterpret));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_loc_expr_default() {
        let expr = X86DebugLocationExpr::default();
        assert_eq!(expr.address_size, 8);
        assert!(expr.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_prologue_end() {
        let mut tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        tbl.add_prologue_end(2, 0x1000);
        assert!(tbl.entries[0].prologue_end);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_epilogue_begin() {
        let mut tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        tbl.add_epilogue_begin(10, 0x2000);
        assert!(tbl.entries[0].epilogue_begin);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_die_add_attr_exprloc() {
        let mut die = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_variable);
        let mut loc = X86DebugLocationExpr::new_x86_64();
        loc.rbp_offset_64(-8);
        die.add_attr_exprloc(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_location, &loc);
        assert_eq!(die.attributes.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_die_add_attr_udata_sdata() {
        let mut die = X86DebugDIE::new(dwarf_tag::DW_TAG_enumerator);
        die.add_attr_udata(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_const_value, 42);
        die.add_attr_sdata(dwarf_attr::DW_AT_const_value, -1);
        assert_eq!(die.attributes.len(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_table_set_comp_dir() {
        let mut tbl = X86DebugLineTable::new_x86_64();
        tbl.set_comp_dir("/home/project");
        assert_eq!(tbl.comp_dir, "/home/project");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_db_value_undef() {
        let dbg = X86DbgValue::undef("opt_out", 5);
        assert!(dbg.is_undef);
        assert_eq!(dbg.variable_name, "opt_out");
        assert_eq!(dbg.instruction_index, 5);
    }
}