kira 0.12.0

/*!

# Kira

Kira is a backend-agnostic library to create expressive audio for games. It provides
tweens for smoothly adjusting properties of sounds, a flexible [mixer](track)
for applying [effects](effect) to audio, a [clock] system for precisely timing audio events,
and [spatial audio](crate::track#spatial-tracks) support.

To get started, create an [`AudioManager`] and use it to [play](AudioManager::play) a
[`StaticSoundData`](crate::sound::static_sound::StaticSoundData) or
[`StreamingSoundData`](crate::sound::streaming::StreamingSoundData).

## Examples

Playing a sound multiple times simultaneously:

```rust, no_run
# extern crate kira;
#
use kira::{
	AudioManager, AudioManagerSettings, DefaultBackend,
	sound::static_sound::{StaticSoundData, StaticSoundSettings},
};

// Create an audio manager. This plays sounds and manages resources.
let mut manager = AudioManager::<DefaultBackend>::new(AudioManagerSettings::default())?;
let sound_data = StaticSoundData::from_file("sound.ogg")?;
manager.play(sound_data.clone())?;
// After a couple seconds...
manager.play(sound_data.clone())?;
// Cloning the sound data will not use any extra memory.
# Result::<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>::Ok(())
```

Gradually speeding up a sound over time:

```rust, no_run
# extern crate kira;
#
use std::time::Duration;

use kira::{
	AudioManager, AudioManagerSettings, DefaultBackend,
	sound::static_sound::{StaticSoundData, StaticSoundSettings},
	Tween,
};

let mut manager = AudioManager::<DefaultBackend>::new(AudioManagerSettings::default())?;
let sound_data = StaticSoundData::from_file("sound.ogg")?;
let mut sound = manager.play(sound_data)?;
// Start smoothly adjusting the playback rate parameter.
sound.set_playback_rate(
	2.0,
	Tween {
		duration: Duration::from_secs(3),
		..Default::default()
	},
);
# Result::<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>::Ok(())
```

Playing a sound with a low-pass filter applied (this makes the
audio sound muffled):

```rust, no_run
# extern crate kira;
#
use kira::{
	AudioManager, AudioManagerSettings, DefaultBackend,
	sound::static_sound::{StaticSoundData, StaticSoundSettings},
	track::TrackBuilder,
	effect::filter::FilterBuilder,
};

let mut manager = AudioManager::<DefaultBackend>::new(AudioManagerSettings::default())?;
// Create a mixer sub-track with a filter.
let mut track = manager.add_sub_track({
	let mut builder = TrackBuilder::new();
	builder.add_effect(FilterBuilder::new().cutoff(1000.0));
	builder
})?;
// Play the sound on the track.
let sound_data = StaticSoundData::from_file("sound.ogg")?;
track.play(sound_data)?;
# Result::<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>::Ok(())
```

Playing sounds in time with a musical beat:

```rust, no_run
# extern crate kira;
#
use kira::{
	AudioManager, AudioManagerSettings, DefaultBackend,
	sound::static_sound::{StaticSoundData, StaticSoundSettings},
	clock::ClockSpeed,
};

const TEMPO: f64 = 120.0;

let mut manager = AudioManager::<DefaultBackend>::new(AudioManagerSettings::default())?;
// Create a clock that ticks 120 times per second. In this case,
// each tick is one musical beat. We can use a tick to represent any
// arbitrary amount of time.
let mut clock = manager.add_clock(ClockSpeed::TicksPerMinute(TEMPO))?;
// Play a sound 2 ticks (beats) from now.
let sound_data_1 = StaticSoundData::from_file("sound1.ogg")?
	.start_time(clock.time() + 2);
manager.play(sound_data_1)?;
// Play a different sound 4 ticks (beats) from now.
let sound_data_2 = StaticSoundData::from_file("sound2.ogg")?
	.start_time(clock.time() + 4);
manager.play(sound_data_2)?;
// Start the clock.
clock.start();
# Result::<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>::Ok(())
```

## Features

The Kira crate has the following feature flags:

- `cpal` (enabled by default) - enables the cpal backend and makes it the default for
  audio managers. This allows Kira to talk to the operating system to output audio. Most
  users should leave this enabled.
- `symphonia` (enabled by default) - allows loading and streaming audio from common
  audio formats, like MP3 and WAV.
	- Audio formats: `aiff`, `caf`, `isomp4`, `mkv`, `ogg`, `wav` - these correspond to the
	  Symphonia features of the same name
	- Audio codecs: `aac`, `adpcm`, `alac`, `he-aac`, `he-aac-v2`, `flac`, `mp1`, `mp2`, `mp3`,
	  `mpa`, `opus', `pcm`, `vorbis`, `wavpack` - these correspond to the Symphonia features
	  of the same name
	- `mp3`, `ogg`, `vorbis`, `flac`, `wav`, and `pcm` are enabled by default.
	- [See Symphonia's documentation for more information about these flags.](https://github.com/pdeljanov/Symphonia?tab=readme-ov-file#formats-demuxers)
- `serde` - adds `Serialize` and `Deserialize` implementations for the following types:
	- [`Capacities`]
	- [`ClockSpeed`](crate::clock::ClockSpeed)
	- [`DistortionKind`](crate::effect::distortion::DistortionKind)
	- [`Easing`]
	- [`EndPosition`](crate::sound::EndPosition)
	- [`EqFilterKind`](crate::effect::eq_filter::EqFilterKind)
	- [`FilterMode`](crate::effect::filter::FilterMode)
	- [`Frame`]
	- [`Mapping`]
	- [`PlaybackPosition`](crate::sound::PlaybackPosition)
	- [`PlaybackRate`]
	- [`PlaybackState`](crate::sound::PlaybackState)
	- [`Region`](crate::sound::Region)
	- [`Decibels`]
	- [`Waveform`](crate::modulator::lfo::Waveform)
- `assert_no_alloc` - uses the [`assert_no_alloc`](https://crates.io/crates/assert_no_alloc) crate
  to cause panics if memory is allocated or deallocated on the audio thread. This is mainly useful
  for people developing Kira itself.

## Performance using the `dev` profile

By default, Rust programs run with the `dev` profile are not optimized. This can
lead to poor performance of audio playback and long loading times for audio
files. You can alleviate this by building Kira and its audio-related
dependencies with a higher optimization level. Add the following to your
Cargo.toml:

```toml
[profile.dev.package.kira]
opt-level = 3

[profile.dev.package.cpal]
opt-level = 3

[profile.dev.package.symphonia]
opt-level = 3

[profile.dev.package.symphonia-bundle-mp3]
opt-level = 3

[profile.dev.package.symphonia-format-ogg]
opt-level = 3

[profile.dev.package.symphonia-codec-vorbis]
opt-level = 3

[profile.dev.package.symphonia-bundle-flac]
opt-level = 3

[profile.dev.package.symphonia-format-wav]
opt-level = 3

[profile.dev.package.symphonia-codec-pcm]
opt-level = 3
```

You can also build all of your projects with a higher optimization level by
using this snippet instead:

```toml
[profile.dev.package."*"]
opt-level = 3
```

Building dependencies with a higher optimization level does increase compile
times, but only when compiling your project from scratch. If you only make
changes to your crate, you're not recompiling the dependencies, so you don't
suffer from the longer compilation step in that case. Building dependencies
optimized and the main crate unoptimized can be a good balance of performance
and compile times for games.
*/

#![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
#![allow(clippy::collapsible_if)]
#![allow(clippy::collapsible_else_if)]
#![allow(clippy::doc_lazy_continuation)]
#![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#![allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
#![warn(clippy::todo)]
#![warn(missing_docs)]
#![allow(clippy::tabs_in_doc_comments)]

pub mod backend;
pub mod clock;
pub mod command;
mod decibels;
pub mod effect;
mod error;
mod frame;
pub mod info;
pub mod listener;
mod manager;
mod mix;
pub mod modulator;
mod panning;
mod parameter;
mod playback_rate;
mod playback_state_manager;
mod semitones;
pub mod sound;
mod start_time;
#[cfg(test)]
mod test_helpers;
pub mod track;
mod tween;
mod value;

pub use backend::DefaultBackend;
pub use decibels::*;
pub use error::*;
pub use frame::*;
pub use manager::*;
pub use mix::*;
pub use panning::*;
pub use parameter::*;
pub use pastey;
pub use playback_rate::*;
pub use semitones::*;
pub use start_time::*;
pub use tween::*;
pub use value::*;