1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
/*
Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 David Harvey (zn_poly)
Copyright (C) 2013 William Hart
This file is part of FLINT.
FLINT is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) as published
by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version. See <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "mpn_extras.h"
#include "nmod_vec.h"
#include "nmod_poly.h"
/*
Multiplication/squaring using Kronecker substitution at 2^b, -2^b,
2^(-b) and -2^(-b).
*/
void
_nmod_poly_mul_KS4(nn_ptr res, nn_srcptr op1, slong n1,
nn_srcptr op2, slong n2, nmod_t mod)
{
int sqr, v3m_neg;
ulong bits, b, w, a1, a2, a3;
slong n1o, n1e, n2o, n2e, n3o, n3e, n3, k1, k2, k3;
nn_ptr v1_buf0, v2_buf0, v1_buf1, v2_buf1, v1_buf2, v2_buf2, v1_buf3, v2_buf3, v1_buf4, v2_buf4;
nn_ptr v1on, v1en, v1pn, v1mn, v2on, v2en, v2pn, v2mn, v3on, v3en, v3pn, v3mn;
nn_ptr v1or, v1er, v1pr, v1mr, v2or, v2er, v2pr, v2mr, v3or, v3er, v3pr, v3mr;
nn_ptr z, zn, zr;
TMP_INIT;
if (n2 == 1)
{
/* code below needs n2 > 1, so fall back on scalar multiplication */
_nmod_vec_scalar_mul_nmod(res, op1, n1, op2[0], mod);
return;
}
TMP_START;
sqr = (op1 == op2 && n1 == n2);
/* bits in each output coefficient */
bits = 2 * (FLINT_BITS - mod.norm) + FLINT_CLOG2(n2);
/*
we're evaluating at x = B, -B, 1/B, -1/B,
where B = 2^b, and b = ceil(bits / 4)
*/
b = (bits + 3) / 4;
/* number of ulongs required to store each base-B^2 digit */
w = (2*b - 1)/FLINT_BITS + 1;
/*
Write f1(x) = f1e(x^2) + x * f1o(x^2)
f2(x) = f2e(x^2) + x * f2o(x^2)
h(x) = he(x^2) + x * ho(x^2)
"e" = even, "o" = odd
*/
n1o = n1 / 2;
n1e = n1 - n1o;
n2o = n2 / 2;
n2e = n2 - n2o;
n3 = n1 + n2 - 1; /* length of h */
n3o = n3 / 2;
n3e = n3 - n3o;
/*
Put k1 = number of limbs needed to store f1(B) and |f1(-B)|.
In f1(B), the leading coefficient starts at bit position b * (n1 - 1)
and has length 2b, and the coefficients overlap so we need an extra bit
for the carry: this gives (n1 + 1) * b + 1 bits. Ditto for f2.
*/
k1 = ((n1 + 1) * b)/FLINT_BITS + 1;
k2 = ((n2 + 1) * b)/FLINT_BITS + 1;
k3 = k1 + k2;
/* allocate space */
v1_buf0 = TMP_ALLOC(sizeof(ulong) * 5 * k3); /* k1 limbs */
v2_buf0 = v1_buf0 + k1; /* k2 limbs */
v1_buf1 = v2_buf0 + k2; /* k1 limbs */
v2_buf1 = v1_buf1 + k1; /* k2 limbs */
v1_buf2 = v2_buf1 + k2; /* k1 limbs */
v2_buf2 = v1_buf2 + k1; /* k2 limbs */
v1_buf3 = v2_buf2 + k2; /* k1 limbs */
v2_buf3 = v1_buf3 + k1; /* k2 limbs */
v1_buf4 = v2_buf3 + k2; /* k1 limbs */
v2_buf4 = v1_buf4 + k1; /* k2 limbs */
/*
arrange overlapping buffers to minimise memory use
"p" = plus, "m" = minus
"n" = normal order, "r" = reciprocal order
*/
v1en = v1_buf0;
v1on = v1_buf1;
v1pn = v1_buf2;
v1mn = v1_buf0;
v2en = v2_buf0;
v2on = v2_buf1;
v2pn = v2_buf2;
v2mn = v2_buf0;
v3pn = v1_buf1;
v3mn = v1_buf2;
v3en = v1_buf0;
v3on = v1_buf1;
v1er = v1_buf2;
v1or = v1_buf3;
v1pr = v1_buf4;
v1mr = v1_buf2;
v2er = v2_buf2;
v2or = v2_buf3;
v2pr = v2_buf4;
v2mr = v2_buf2;
v3pr = v1_buf3;
v3mr = v1_buf4;
v3er = v1_buf2;
v3or = v1_buf3;
z = TMP_ALLOC(sizeof(ulong) * 2*w*(n3e + 1));
zn = z;
zr = z + w*(n3e + 1);
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
"normal" evaluation points
*/
if (!sqr)
{
/* multiplication version */
/*
evaluate f1e(B^2) and B * f1o(B^2)
We need max(2 * b*n1e, 2 * b*n1o + b) bits for this packing step,
which is safe since (n1 + 1) * b + 1 >= max(2 * b*n1e, 2 * b*n1o + b).
Ditto for f2 below.
*/
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v1en, op1, n1e, 2, 2 * b, 0, k1);
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v1on, op1 + 1, n1o, 2, 2 * b, b, k1);
/*
compute f1(B) = f1e(B^2) + B * f1o(B^2)
and |f1(-B)| = |f1e(B^2) - B * f1o(B^2)|
*/
mpn_add_n (v1pn, v1en, v1on, k1);
v3m_neg = flint_mpn_signed_sub_n(v1mn, v1en, v1on, k1);
/* evaluate f2e(B^2) and B * f2o(B^2) */
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v2en, op2, n2e, 2, 2 * b, 0, k2);
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v2on, op2 + 1, n2o, 2, 2 * b, b, k2);
/*
compute f2(B) = f2e(B^2) + B * f2o(B^2)
and |f2(-B)| = |f2e(B^2) - B * f2o(B^2)|
*/
mpn_add_n(v2pn, v2en, v2on, k2);
v3m_neg ^= flint_mpn_signed_sub_n(v2mn, v2en, v2on, k2);
/*
compute h(B) = f1(B) * f2(B)
and |h(-B)| = |f1(-B)| * |f2(-B)|
hn_neg is set if h(-B) is negative
*/
flint_mpn_mul(v3pn, v1pn, k1, v2pn, k2);
flint_mpn_mul(v3mn, v1mn, k1, v2mn, k2);
}
else
{
/* squaring version */
/* evaluate f1e(B^2) and B * f1o(B^2) */
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v1en, op1, n1e, 2, 2 * b, 0, k1);
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v1on, op1 + 1, n1o, 2, 2 * b, b, k1);
/*
compute f1(B) = f1e(B^2) + B * f1o(B^2)
and |f1(-B)| = |f1e(B^2) - B * f1o(B^2)|
*/
mpn_add_n (v1pn, v1en, v1on, k1);
flint_mpn_signed_sub_n(v1mn, v1en, v1on, k1);
/*
compute h(B) = f1(B)^2
and h(-B) = |f1(-B)|^2
hn_neg is cleared since h(-B) is never negative
*/
flint_mpn_sqr(v3pn, v1pn, k1);
flint_mpn_sqr(v3mn, v1mn, k1);
v3m_neg = 0;
}
/*
Each coefficient of h(B) is up to 4b bits long, so h(B) needs at most
((n1 + n2 + 2) * b + 1) bits. (The extra +1 is to accommodate carries
generated by overlapping coefficients.) The buffer has at least
((n1 + n2 + 2) * b + 2) bits. Therefore we can safely store 2*h(B) etc.
*/
/*
compute 2 * he(B^2) = h(B) + h(-B)
and B * 2 * ho(B^2) = h(B) - h(-B)
*/
if (v3m_neg)
{
mpn_sub_n(v3en, v3pn, v3mn, k3);
mpn_add_n (v3on, v3pn, v3mn, k3);
}
else
{
mpn_add_n (v3en, v3pn, v3mn, k3);
mpn_sub_n (v3on, v3pn, v3mn, k3);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
"reciprocal" evaluation points
*/
/*
correction factors to take into account that if a polynomial has even
length, its even and odd coefficients are swapped when the polynomial
is reversed
*/
a1 = (n1 & 1) ? 0 : b;
a2 = (n2 & 1) ? 0 : b;
a3 = (n3 & 1) ? 0 : b;
if (!sqr)
{
/* multiplication version */
/* evaluate B^(n1-1) * f1e(1/B^2) and B^(n1-2) * f1o(1/B^2) */
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v1er, op1 + 2*(n1e - 1), n1e, -2, 2 * b, a1, k1);
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v1or, op1 + 1 + 2*(n1o - 1), n1o, -2, 2 * b, b - a1, k1);
/*
compute B^(n1-1) * f1(1/B) =
B^(n1-1) * f1e(1/B^2) + B^(n1-2) * f1o(1/B^2)
and |B^(n1-1) * f1(-1/B)| =
|B^(n1-1) * f1e(1/B^2) - B^(n1-2) * f1o(1/B^2)|
*/
mpn_add_n(v1pr, v1er, v1or, k1);
v3m_neg = flint_mpn_signed_sub_n(v1mr, v1er, v1or, k1);
/* evaluate B^(n2-1) * f2e(1/B^2) and B^(n2-2) * f2o(1/B^2) */
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v2er, op2 + 2*(n2e - 1), n2e, -2, 2 * b, a2, k2);
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v2or, op2 + 1 + 2*(n2o - 1), n2o, -2, 2 * b, b - a2, k2);
/*
compute B^(n2-1) * f2(1/B) =
B^(n2-1) * f2e(1/B^2) + B^(n2-2) * f2o(1/B^2)
and |B^(n1-1) * f2(-1/B)| =
|B^(n2-1) * f2e(1/B^2) - B^(n2-2) * f2o(1/B^2)|
*/
mpn_add_n (v2pr, v2er, v2or, k2);
v3m_neg ^= flint_mpn_signed_sub_n(v2mr, v2er, v2or, k2);
/*
compute B^(n3-1) * h(1/B) =
(B^(n1-1) * f1(1/B)) * (B^(n2-1) * f2(1/B))
and |B^(n3-1) * h(-1/B)| =
|B^(n1-1) * f1(-1/B)| * |B^(n2-1) * f2(-1/B)|
hr_neg is set if h(-1/B) is negative
*/
flint_mpn_mul(v3pr, v1pr, k1, v2pr, k2);
flint_mpn_mul(v3mr, v1mr, k1, v2mr, k2);
}
else
{
/* squaring version */
/* evaluate B^(n1-1) * f1e(1/B^2) and B^(n1-2) * f1o(1/B^2) */
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v1er, op1 + 2*(n1e - 1), n1e, -2, 2 * b, a1, k1);
_nmod_poly_KS2_pack(v1or, op1 + 1 + 2*(n1o - 1), n1o, -2, 2 * b, b - a1, k1);
/*
compute B^(n1-1) * f1(1/B) =
B^(n1-1) * f1e(1/B^2) + B^(n1-2) * f1o(1/B^2)
and |B^(n1-1) * f1(-1/B)| =
|B^(n1-1) * f1e(1/B^2) - B^(n1-2) * f1o(1/B^2)|
*/
mpn_add_n(v1pr, v1er, v1or, k1);
flint_mpn_signed_sub_n(v1mr, v1er, v1or, k1);
/*
compute B^(n3-1) * h(1/B) = (B^(n1-1) * f1(1/B))^2
and B^(n3-1) * h(-1/B) = |B^(n1-1) * f1(-1/B)|^2
hr_neg is cleared since h(-1/B) is never negative
*/
flint_mpn_sqr(v3pr, v1pr, k1);
flint_mpn_sqr(v3mr, v1mr, k1);
v3m_neg = 0;
}
/*
compute 2 * B^(n3-1) * he(1/B^2)
= B^(n3-1) * h(1/B) + B^(n3-1) * h(-1/B)
and 2 * B^(n3-2) * ho(1/B^2)
= B^(n3-1) * h(1/B) - B^(n3-1) * h(-1/B)
*/
if (v3m_neg)
{
mpn_sub_n(v3er, v3pr, v3mr, k3);
mpn_add_n(v3or, v3pr, v3mr, k3);
}
else
{
mpn_add_n (v3er, v3pr, v3mr, k3);
mpn_sub_n (v3or, v3pr, v3mr, k3);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
combine "normal" and "reciprocal" information
*/
/* decompose he(B^2) and B^(2*(n3e-1)) * he(1/B^2) into base-B^2 digits */
_nmod_poly_KS2_unpack(zn, v3en, n3e + 1, 2 * b, 1);
_nmod_poly_KS2_unpack(zr, v3er, n3e + 1, 2 * b, a3 + 1);
/* combine he(B^2) and he(1/B^2) information to get even coefficients of h */
_nmod_poly_KS2_recover_reduce(res, 2, zn, zr, n3e, 2 * b, mod);
/* decompose ho(B^2) and B^(2*(n3o-1)) * ho(1/B^2) into base-B^2 digits */
_nmod_poly_KS2_unpack(zn, v3on, n3o + 1, 2 * b, b + 1);
_nmod_poly_KS2_unpack(zr, v3or, n3o + 1, 2 * b, b - a3 + 1);
/* combine ho(B^2) and ho(1/B^2) information to get odd coefficients of h */
_nmod_poly_KS2_recover_reduce(res + 1, 2, zn, zr, n3o, 2 * b, mod);
TMP_END;
}
void
nmod_poly_mul_KS4(nmod_poly_t res,
const nmod_poly_t poly1, const nmod_poly_t poly2)
{
slong len_out;
if ((poly1->length == 0) || (poly2->length == 0))
{
nmod_poly_zero(res);
return;
}
len_out = poly1->length + poly2->length - 1;
if (res == poly1 || res == poly2)
{
nmod_poly_t temp;
nmod_poly_init2_preinv(temp, poly1->mod.n, poly1->mod.ninv, len_out);
if (poly1->length >= poly2->length)
_nmod_poly_mul_KS4(temp->coeffs, poly1->coeffs, poly1->length,
poly2->coeffs, poly2->length,
poly1->mod);
else
_nmod_poly_mul_KS4(temp->coeffs, poly2->coeffs, poly2->length,
poly1->coeffs, poly1->length,
poly1->mod);
nmod_poly_swap(res, temp);
nmod_poly_clear(temp);
}
else
{
nmod_poly_fit_length(res, len_out);
if (poly1->length >= poly2->length)
_nmod_poly_mul_KS4(res->coeffs, poly1->coeffs, poly1->length,
poly2->coeffs, poly2->length,
poly1->mod);
else
_nmod_poly_mul_KS4(res->coeffs, poly2->coeffs, poly2->length,
poly1->coeffs, poly1->length,
poly1->mod);
}
res->length = len_out;
_nmod_poly_normalise(res);
}