# 错误扩展
引用 [graphql-spec](https://spec.graphql.org/June2018/#example-fce18)
> GraphQL 服务可以通过扩展提供错误的附加条目。
> 该条目(如果设置)必须是一个映射作为其值,用于附加错误的其它信息。
## 示例
我建议您查看此 [错误扩展示例](https://github.com/async-graphql/examples/blob/master/actix-web/error-extensions/src/main.rs) 作为快速入门。
## 一般概念
在`Async-graphql`中,所有面向用户的错误都强制转换为`Error`类型,默认情况下会提供
由`std:::fmt::Display`暴露的错误消息。但是,`Error`实际上提供了一个额外的可以扩展错误的信息。
Resolver 函数类似这样:
```rust
# extern crate async_graphql;
# use async_graphql::*;
# struct Query;
# #[Object]
# impl Query {
async fn parse_with_extensions(&self) -> Result<i32, Error> {
Err(Error::new("MyMessage").extend_with(|_, e| e.set("details", "CAN_NOT_FETCH")))
}
# }
```
然后可以返回如下响应:
```json
{
"errors": [
{
"message": "MyMessage",
"locations": [ ... ],
"path": [ ... ],
"extensions": {
"details": "CAN_NOT_FETCH",
}
}
]
}
```
## ErrorExtensions
手动构造新的`Error`很麻烦。这就是为什么`Async-graphql`提供
两个方便特性,可将您的错误转换为适当的`Error`扩展。
扩展任何错误的最简单方法是对错误调用`extend_with`。
这将把任何错误转换为具有给定扩展信息的`Error`。
```rust
# extern crate async_graphql;
# use async_graphql::*;
# struct Query;
use std::num::ParseIntError;
# #[Object]
# impl Query {
async fn parse_with_extensions(&self) -> Result<i32> {
Ok("234a"
.parse()
.map_err(|err: ParseIntError| err.extend_with(|_err, e| e.set("code", 404)))?)
}
# }
```
### 为自定义错误实现 ErrorExtensions
你也可以给自己的错误类型实现`ErrorExtensions`:
```rust
# extern crate async_graphql;
# extern crate thiserror;
# use async_graphql::*;
#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
pub enum MyError {
#[error("Could not find resource")]
NotFound,
#[error("ServerError")]
ServerError(String),
#[error("No Extensions")]
ErrorWithoutExtensions,
}
impl ErrorExtensions for MyError {
// lets define our base extensions
fn extend(&self) -> Error {
Error::new(format!("{}", self)).extend_with(|err, e|
match self {
MyError::NotFound => e.set("code", "NOT_FOUND"),
MyError::ServerError(reason) => e.set("reason", reason.clone()),
MyError::ErrorWithoutExtensions => {}
})
}
}
```
您只需要对错误调用`extend`即可将错误与其提供的扩展信息一起传递,或者通过`extend_with`进一步扩展错误信息。
```rust
# extern crate async_graphql;
# extern crate thiserror;
# use async_graphql::*;
# #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
# pub enum MyError {
# #[error("Could not find resource")]
# NotFound,
#
# #[error("ServerError")]
# ServerError(String),
#
# #[error("No Extensions")]
# ErrorWithoutExtensions,
# }
# struct Query;
# #[Object]
# impl Query {
async fn parse_with_extensions_result(&self) -> Result<i32> {
// Err(MyError::NotFound.extend())
// OR
Err(MyError::NotFound.extend_with(|_, e| e.set("on_the_fly", "some_more_info")))
}
# }
```
```json
{
"errors": [
{
"message": "NotFound",
"locations": [ ... ],
"path": [ ... ],
"extensions": {
"code": "NOT_FOUND",
"on_the_fly": "some_more_info"
}
}
]
}
```
## ResultExt
这个特质使您可以直接在结果上调用`extend_err`。因此上面的代码不再那么冗长。
```rust,ignore
# // @todo figure out why this example does not compile!
# extern crate async_graphql;
use async_graphql::*;
# struct Query;
# #[Object]
# impl Query {
async fn parse_with_extensions(&self) -> Result<i32> {
Ok("234a"
.parse()
.extend_err(|_, e| e.set("code", 404))?)
}
# }
```
### 链式调用
由于对所有`&E where E: std::fmt::Display`实现了`ErrorExtensions`和`ResultsExt`,我们可以将扩展链接在一起。
```rust
# extern crate async_graphql;
use async_graphql::*;
# struct Query;
# #[Object]
# impl Query {
async fn parse_with_extensions(&self) -> Result<i32> {
match "234a".parse() {
Ok(n) => Ok(n),
Err(e) => Err(e
.extend_with(|_, e| e.set("code", 404))
.extend_with(|_, e| e.set("details", "some more info.."))
// keys may also overwrite previous keys...
.extend_with(|_, e| e.set("code", 500))),
}
}
# }
```
响应:
```json
{
"errors": [
{
"message": "MyMessage",
"locations": [ ... ],
"path": [ ... ],
"extensions": {
"details": "some more info...",
"code": 500,
}
}
]
}
```
### 缺陷
Rust 的稳定版本还未提供特化功能,这就是为什么`ErrorExtensions`为`&E where E: std::fmt::Display`实现,代替`E:std::fmt::Display`通过提供一些特化功能。
[Autoref-based stable specialization](https://github.com/dtolnay/case-studies/blob/master/autoref-specialization/README.md).
缺点是下面的代码**不能**编译:
```rust,ignore,does_not_compile
async fn parse_with_extensions_result(&self) -> Result<i32> {
// the trait `error::ErrorExtensions` is not implemented
// for `std::num::ParseIntError`
"234a".parse().extend_err(|_, e| e.set("code", 404))
}
```
但这可以通过编译:
```rust,ignore,does_not_compile
async fn parse_with_extensions_result(&self) -> Result<i32> {
// does work because ErrorExtensions is implemented for &ParseIntError
"234a"
.parse()
.map_err(|ref e: ParseIntError| e.extend_with(|_, e| e.set("code", 404)))
}
```