Struct winter_math::fields::f62::BaseElement

pub struct BaseElement(_);

Represents base field element in the field.

Internal values are stored in Montgomery representation and can be in the range [0; 2M). The backing type is u64.

Implementations

impl BaseElement

pub const fn new(value: u64) -> BaseElement

Creates a new field element from the provided value; the value is converted into Montgomery representation.

Trait Implementations

impl Add<BaseElement> for BaseElement

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the + operator.

fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self

Performs the + operation.

impl AddAssign<BaseElement> for BaseElement

fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self)

Performs the += operation.

impl AsBytes for BaseElement

fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8]

Returns a byte representation of self.

impl Clone for BaseElement

fn clone(&self) -> BaseElement

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for BaseElement

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for BaseElement

fn default() -> BaseElement

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl Deserializable for BaseElement

fn read_from<R: ByteReader>(
    source: &mut R
) -> Result<Self, DeserializationError>

Reads a sequence of bytes from the provided source, attempts to deserialize these bytes into Self, and returns the result.

fn read_batch_from<R>(
    source: &mut R,
    num_elements: usize
) -> Result<Vec<Self, Global>, DeserializationError> where
    R: ByteReader, 

Reads a sequence of bytes from the provided source, attempts to deserialize these bytes into a vector with the specified number of Self elements, and returns the result.

impl Display for BaseElement

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Div<BaseElement> for BaseElement

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the / operator.

fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self

Performs the / operation.

impl DivAssign<BaseElement> for BaseElement

fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self)

Performs the /= operation.

impl FieldElement for BaseElement

type PositiveInteger = u64

A type defining positive integers big enough to describe a field modulus for Self::BaseField with no loss of precision.

type BaseField = Self

Base field type for this finite field. For prime fields, BaseField should be set to Self.

const ZERO: Self

The additive identity.

const ONE: Self

The multiplicative identity.

const ELEMENT_BYTES: usize

Number of bytes needed to encode an element

const IS_MALLEABLE: bool

True if internal representation of an element can be redundant - i.e., multiple internal representations map to the same canonical representation.

fn exp(self, power: Self::PositiveInteger) -> Self

Exponentiates this field element by power parameter.

fn inv(self) -> Self

Returns a multiplicative inverse of this field element. If this element is ZERO, ZERO is returned.

fn conjugate(&self) -> Self

Returns a conjugate of this field element.

fn rand() -> Self

Returns a cryptographically-secure random element drawn uniformly from the entire field.

fn from_random_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<Self>

Returns a field element if the set of bytes forms a valid field element, otherwise returns None. The element is expected to be in canonical representation. This function is primarily intended for sampling random field elements from a hash function output.

fn elements_into_bytes(elements: Vec<Self>) -> Vec<u8>

Converts a vector of field elements into a vector of bytes. The elements may be in the internal representation rather than in the canonical representation. This conversion is intended to be zero-copy (i.e. by re-interpreting the underlying memory).

fn elements_as_bytes(elements: &[Self]) -> &[u8]

Converts a list of elements into a list of bytes. The elements may be in the internal representation rather than in the canonical representation. This conversion is intended to be zero-copy (i.e. by re-interpreting the underlying memory).

unsafe fn bytes_as_elements(
    bytes: &[u8]
) -> Result<&[Self], DeserializationError>

Converts a list of bytes into a list of field elements. The elements are assumed to encoded in the internal representation rather than in the canonical representation. The conversion is intended to be zero-copy (i.e. by re-interpreting the underlying memory).

fn zeroed_vector(n: usize) -> Vec<Self>

Returns a vector of length n initialized with all ZERO elements.

fn prng_vector(seed: [u8; 32], n: usize) -> Vec<Self>

Returns a vector of n pseudo-random elements drawn uniformly from the entire field based on the provided seed.

fn normalize(&mut self)

Normalizes internal representation of this element.

fn double(self) -> Self

Returns this field element added to itself.

fn square(self) -> Self

Returns this field element raised to power 2.

fn cube(self) -> Self

Returns this field element raised to power 3.

impl From<[u8; 8]> for BaseElement

fn from(bytes: [u8; 8]) -> Self

Converts the value encoded in an array of 8 bytes into a field element. The bytes are assumed to encode the element in the canonical representation in little-endian byte order. If the value is greater than or equal to the field modulus, modular reduction is silently preformed.

impl From<u128> for BaseElement

fn from(value: u128) -> Self

Converts a 128-bit value into a filed element. If the value is greater than or equal to the field modulus, modular reduction is silently preformed.

impl From<u16> for BaseElement

fn from(value: u16) -> Self

Converts a 16-bit value into a filed element.

impl From<u32> for BaseElement

fn from(value: u32) -> Self

Converts a 32-bit value into a filed element.

impl From<u64> for BaseElement

fn from(value: u64) -> Self

Converts a 64-bit value into a filed element. If the value is greater than or equal to the field modulus, modular reduction is silently preformed.

impl From<u8> for BaseElement

fn from(value: u8) -> Self

Converts an 8-bit value into a filed element.

impl Mul<BaseElement> for BaseElement

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self

Performs the * operation.

impl MulAssign<BaseElement> for BaseElement

fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self)

Performs the *= operation.

impl Neg for BaseElement

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn neg(self) -> Self

Performs the unary - operation.

impl PartialEq<BaseElement> for BaseElement

fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl Serializable for BaseElement

fn write_into<W: ByteWriter>(&self, target: &mut W)

Serializes self into bytes and writes these bytes into the target.

fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8, Global>

Serializes self into a vector of bytes.

fn write_batch_into<W>(source: &[Self], target: &mut W) where
    W: ByteWriter, 

Serializes all elements of the source and writes these bytes into the target.

fn get_size_hint(&self) -> usize

Returns an estimate of how many bytes are needed to represent self.

impl StarkField for BaseElement

const MODULUS: Self::PositiveInteger

sage: MODULUS = 2^62 - 111 * 2^39 + 1
sage: GF(MODULUS).is_prime_field()
True
sage: GF(MODULUS).order()
4611624995532046337

const GENERATOR: Self

sage: GF(MODULUS).primitive_element()
3

const TWO_ADICITY: u32

sage: is_odd((MODULUS - 1) / 2^39)
True

const TWO_ADIC_ROOT_OF_UNITY: Self

sage: k = (MODULUS - 1) / 2^39
sage: GF(MODULUS).primitive_element()^k
4421547261963328785

type QuadExtension = QuadExtensionA<Self>

Type describing quadratic extension of this StarkField.

const MODULUS_BITS: u32

The number of bits needed to represents Self::MODULUS.

fn get_modulus_le_bytes() -> Vec<u8>

Returns byte representation of the field modulus in little-endian byte order.

fn as_int(&self) -> Self::PositiveInteger

Returns a canonical integer representation of the field element.

fn get_root_of_unity(n: u32) -> Self

Returns the root of unity of order 2^n.

impl Sub<BaseElement> for BaseElement

type Output = Self

The resulting type after applying the - operator.

fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self

Performs the - operation.

impl SubAssign<BaseElement> for BaseElement

fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self)

Performs the -= operation.

impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a [u8]> for BaseElement

fn try_from(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error>

Converts a slice of bytes into a field element; returns error if the value encoded in bytes is not a valid field element. The bytes are assumed to encode the element in the canonical representation in little-endian byte order.

type Error = DeserializationError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

impl Copy for BaseElement

impl Eq for BaseElement