Struct Buffer

pub struct Buffer { /* private fields */ }

Handle to a GPU-accessible buffer.

Created with Device::create_buffer or DeviceExt::create_buffer_init.

Corresponds to WebGPU GPUBuffer.

A Buffer’s bytes have “interior mutability”: functions like Queue::write_buffer or mapping a buffer for writing only require a &Buffer, not a &mut Buffer, even though they modify its contents. wgpu prevents simultaneous reads and writes of buffer contents using run-time checks.

Mapping buffers

If a Buffer is created with the appropriate usage, it can be mapped: you can make its contents accessible to the CPU as an ordinary &[u8] or &mut [u8] slice of bytes. Buffers created with the mapped_at_creation flag set are also mapped initially.

Depending on the hardware, the buffer could be memory shared between CPU and GPU, so that the CPU has direct access to the same bytes the GPU will consult; or it may be ordinary CPU memory, whose contents the system must copy to/from the GPU as needed. This crate’s API is designed to work the same way in either case: at any given time, a buffer is either mapped and available to the CPU, or unmapped and ready for use by the GPU, but never both. This makes it impossible for either side to observe changes by the other immediately, and any necessary transfers can be carried out when the buffer transitions from one state to the other.

There are two ways to map a buffer:

• If BufferDescriptor::mapped_at_creation is true, then the entire buffer is mapped when it is created. This is the easiest way to initialize a new buffer. You can set mapped_at_creation on any kind of buffer, regardless of its usage flags.

• If the buffer’s usage includes the MAP_READ or MAP_WRITE flags, then you can call buffer.slice(range).map_async(mode, callback) to map the portion of buffer given by range. This waits for the GPU to finish using the buffer, and invokes callback as soon as the buffer is safe for the CPU to access.

Once a buffer is mapped:

• You can call buffer.slice(range).get_mapped_range() to obtain a BufferView, which dereferences to a &[u8] that you can use to read the buffer’s contents.

• Or, you can call buffer.slice(range).get_mapped_range_mut() to obtain a BufferViewMut, which dereferences to a &mut [u8] that you can use to read and write the buffer’s contents.

The given range must fall within the mapped portion of the buffer. If you attempt to access overlapping ranges, even for shared access only, these methods panic.

While a buffer is mapped, you may not submit any commands to the GPU that access it. You may record command buffers that use the buffer, but if you submit them while the buffer is mapped, submission will panic.

When you are done using the buffer on the CPU, you must call Buffer::unmap to make it available for use by the GPU again. All BufferView and BufferViewMut views referring to the buffer must be dropped before you unmap it; otherwise, Buffer::unmap will panic.

Example

If buffer was created with BufferUsages::MAP_WRITE, we could fill it with f32 values like this:

let buffer = std::sync::Arc::new(buffer);
let capturable = buffer.clone();
buffer.slice(..).map_async(wgpu::MapMode::Write, move |result| {
    if result.is_ok() {
        let mut view = capturable.slice(..).get_mapped_range_mut();
        let floats: &mut [f32] = bytemuck::cast_slice_mut(&mut view);
        floats.fill(42.0);
        drop(view);
        capturable.unmap();
    }
});

This code takes the following steps:

• First, it moves buffer into an Arc, and makes a clone for capture by the callback passed to map_async. Since a map_async callback may be invoked from another thread, interaction between the callback and the thread calling map_async generally requires some sort of shared heap data like this. In real code, the Arc would probably own some larger structure that itself owns buffer.

• Then, it calls Buffer::slice to make a BufferSlice referring to the buffer’s entire contents.

• Next, it calls BufferSlice::map_async to request that the bytes to which the slice refers be made accessible to the CPU (“mapped”). This may entail waiting for previously enqueued operations on buffer to finish. Although map_async itself always returns immediately, it saves the callback function to be invoked later.

• When some later call to Device::poll or Instance::poll_all (not shown in this example) determines that the buffer is mapped and ready for the CPU to use, it invokes the callback function.

• The callback function calls Buffer::slice and then BufferSlice::get_mapped_range_mut to obtain a BufferViewMut, which dereferences to a &mut [u8] slice referring to the buffer’s bytes.

• It then uses the bytemuck crate to turn the &mut [u8] into a &mut [f32], and calls the slice fill method to fill the buffer with a useful value.

• Finally, the callback drops the view and calls Buffer::unmap to unmap the buffer. In real code, the callback would also need to do some sort of synchronization to let the rest of the program know that it has completed its work.

If using map_async directly is awkward, you may find it more convenient to use Queue::write_buffer and util::DownloadBuffer::read_buffer. However, those each have their own tradeoffs; the asynchronous nature of GPU execution makes it hard to avoid friction altogether.

Mapping buffers on the web

When compiled to WebAssembly and running in a browser content process, wgpu implements its API in terms of the browser’s WebGPU implementation. In this context, wgpu is further isolated from the GPU:

• Depending on the browser’s WebGPU implementation, mapping and unmapping buffers probably entails copies between WebAssembly linear memory and the graphics driver’s buffers.

• All modern web browsers isolate web content in its own sandboxed process, which can only interact with the GPU via interprocess communication (IPC). Although most browsers’ IPC systems use shared memory for large data transfers, there will still probably need to be copies into and out of the shared memory buffers.

All of these copies contribute to the cost of buffer mapping in this configuration.

Implementations

impl Buffer

pub fn as_entire_binding(&self) -> BindingResource<'_>

Return the binding view of the entire buffer.

pub fn as_entire_buffer_binding(&self) -> BufferBinding<'_>

Return the binding view of the entire buffer.

pub unsafe fn as_hal<A: HalApi, F: FnOnce(Option<&A::Buffer>) -> R, R>( &self, hal_buffer_callback: F, ) -> R

Available on wgpu_core only.

Returns the inner hal Buffer using a callback. The hal buffer will be None if the backend type argument does not match with this wgpu Buffer

Safety

• The raw handle obtained from the hal Buffer must not be manually destroyed

pub fn slice<S: RangeBounds<BufferAddress>>(&self, bounds: S) -> BufferSlice<'_>

Return a slice of a Buffer’s bytes.

Return a BufferSlice referring to the portion of self’s contents indicated by bounds. Regardless of what sort of data self stores, bounds start and end are given in bytes.

A BufferSlice can be used to supply vertex and index data, or to map buffer contents for access from the CPU. See the BufferSlice documentation for details.

The range argument can be half or fully unbounded: for example, buffer.slice(..) refers to the entire buffer, and buffer.slice(n..) refers to the portion starting at the nth byte and extending to the end of the buffer.

pub fn unmap(&self)

Flushes any pending write operations and unmaps the buffer from host memory.

pub fn destroy(&self)

Destroy the associated native resources as soon as possible.

pub fn size(&self) -> BufferAddress

Returns the length of the buffer allocation in bytes.

This is always equal to the size that was specified when creating the buffer.

pub fn usage(&self) -> BufferUsages

Returns the allowed usages for this Buffer.

This is always equal to the usage that was specified when creating the buffer.

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Buffer

fn clone(&self) -> Buffer

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Buffer

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Hash for Buffer

fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl Ord for Buffer

fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl PartialEq for Buffer

fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl PartialOrd for Buffer

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl Eq for Buffer