Struct typed_path::Path

#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,{ /* private fields */ }

A slice of a path (akin to str).

This type supports a number of operations for inspecting a path, including breaking the path into its components (separated by / on Unix and by either / or \ on Windows), extracting the file name, determining whether the path is absolute, and so on.

This is an unsized type, meaning that it must always be used behind a pointer like & or Box. For an owned version of this type, see PathBuf.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding,
//       but all encodings work on all operating systems, providing the
//       ability to parse and operate on paths independently of the
//       compiled platform
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("./foo/bar.txt");

let parent = path.parent();
assert_eq!(parent, Some(Path::new("./foo")));

let file_stem = path.file_stem();
assert_eq!(file_stem, Some(b"bar".as_slice()));

let extension = path.extension();
assert_eq!(extension, Some(b"txt".as_slice()));

In addition to explicitly using Encodings, you can also leverage aliases available from the crate to work with paths:

use typed_path::{UnixPath, WindowsPath};

// Same as Path<UnixEncoding>
let path = UnixPath::new("/foo/bar.txt");

// Same as Path<WindowsEncoding>
let path = WindowsPath::new(r"C:\foo\bar.txt");

To mirror the design of Rust’s standard library, you can access the path associated with the compiled rust platform using NativePath, which itself is an alias to one of the other choices:

use typed_path::NativePath;

// On Unix, this would be UnixPath aka Path<UnixEncoding>
// On Windows, this would be WindowsPath aka Path<WindowsEncoding>
let path = NativePath::new("/foo/bar.txt");

Implementations

impl<T> Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

pub fn new<S: AsRef<[u8]> + ?Sized>(s: &S) -> &Self

Directly wraps a byte slice as a Path slice.

This is a cost-free conversion.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt");

You can create Paths from Strings, or even other Paths:

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let string = String::from("foo.txt");
let from_string = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new(&string);
let from_path = Path::new(&from_string);
assert_eq!(from_string, from_path);

There are also handy aliases to the Path with Encoding:

use typed_path::UnixPath;

let string = String::from("foo.txt");
let from_string = UnixPath::new(&string);
let from_path = UnixPath::new(&from_string);
assert_eq!(from_string, from_path);

pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8]

Yields the underlying [[u8]] slice.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let bytes = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt").as_bytes();
assert_eq!(bytes, b"foo.txt");

pub fn to_str(&self) -> Option<&str>

Yields a &str slice if the Path is valid unicode.

This conversion may entail doing a check for UTF-8 validity. Note that validation is performed because non-UTF-8 strings are perfectly valid for some OS.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt");
assert_eq!(path.to_str(), Some("foo.txt"));

pub fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<'_, str>

Converts a Path to a Cow<str>.

Any non-Unicode sequences are replaced with U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.

Examples

Calling to_string_lossy on a Path with valid unicode:

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt");
assert_eq!(path.to_string_lossy(), "foo.txt");

Had path contained invalid unicode, the to_string_lossy call might have returned "fo�.txt".

pub fn to_path_buf(&self) -> PathBuf<T>

Converts a Path to an owned PathBuf.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, PathBuf, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path_buf = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt").to_path_buf();
assert_eq!(path_buf, PathBuf::from("foo.txt"));

pub fn is_absolute(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the Path is absolute, i.e., if it is independent of the current directory.

• On Unix (UnixPath]), a path is absolute if it starts with the root, so is_absolute and has_root are equivalent.

• On Windows (WindowsPath), a path is absolute if it has a prefix and starts with the root: c:\windows is absolute, while c:temp and \temp are not.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
assert!(!Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt").is_absolute());

pub fn is_relative(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the Path is relative, i.e., not absolute.

See is_absolute’s documentation for more details.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
assert!(Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt").is_relative());

pub fn has_root(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the Path has a root.

• On Unix (UnixPath), a path has a root if it begins with /.

• On Windows (WindowsPath), a path has a root if it:

  • has no prefix and begins with a separator, e.g., \windows
  • has a prefix followed by a separator, e.g., c:\windows but not c:windows
  • has any non-disk prefix, e.g., \\server\share

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
assert!(Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/etc/passwd").has_root());

pub fn parent(&self) -> Option<&Self>

Returns the Path without its final component, if there is one.

Returns None if the path terminates in a root or prefix.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/foo/bar");
let parent = path.parent().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parent, Path::new("/foo"));

let grand_parent = parent.parent().unwrap();
assert_eq!(grand_parent, Path::new("/"));
assert_eq!(grand_parent.parent(), None);

pub fn ancestors(&self) -> Ancestors<'_, T>

Produces an iterator over Path and its ancestors.

The iterator will yield the Path that is returned if the parent method is used zero or more times. That means, the iterator will yield &self, &self.parent().unwrap(), &self.parent().unwrap().parent().unwrap() and so on. If the parent method returns None, the iterator will do likewise. The iterator will always yield at least one value, namely &self.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let mut ancestors = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/foo/bar").ancestors();
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("/foo/bar")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("/foo")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("/")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), None);

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let mut ancestors = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("../foo/bar").ancestors();
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("../foo/bar")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("../foo")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("..")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("")));
assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), None);

pub fn file_name(&self) -> Option<&[u8]>

Returns the final component of the Path, if there is one.

If the path is a normal file, this is the file name. If it’s the path of a directory, this is the directory name.

Returns None if the path terminates in ...

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
assert_eq!(Some(b"bin".as_slice()), Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/usr/bin/").file_name());
assert_eq!(Some(b"foo.txt".as_slice()), Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("tmp/foo.txt").file_name());
assert_eq!(Some(b"foo.txt".as_slice()), Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt/.").file_name());
assert_eq!(Some(b"foo.txt".as_slice()), Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt/.//").file_name());
assert_eq!(None, Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.txt/..").file_name());
assert_eq!(None, Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/").file_name());

pub fn strip_prefix<P>(&self, base: P) -> Result<&Path<T>, StripPrefixError>where
    P: AsRef<Path<T>>,

Returns a path that, when joined onto base, yields self.

Errors

If base is not a prefix of self (i.e., starts_with returns false), returns Err.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, PathBuf, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/test/haha/foo.txt");

assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/"), Ok(Path::new("test/haha/foo.txt")));
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test"), Ok(Path::new("haha/foo.txt")));
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test/"), Ok(Path::new("haha/foo.txt")));
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test/haha/foo.txt"), Ok(Path::new("")));
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test/haha/foo.txt/"), Ok(Path::new("")));

assert!(path.strip_prefix("test").is_err());
assert!(path.strip_prefix("/haha").is_err());

let prefix = PathBuf::<UnixEncoding>::from("/test/");
assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix(prefix), Ok(Path::new("haha/foo.txt")));

pub fn starts_with<P>(&self, base: P) -> boolwhere
    P: AsRef<Path<T>>,

Determines whether base is a prefix of self.

Only considers whole path components to match.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/etc/passwd");

assert!(path.starts_with("/etc"));
assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/"));
assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/passwd"));
assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/passwd/")); // extra slash is okay
assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/passwd///")); // multiple extra slashes are okay

assert!(!path.starts_with("/e"));
assert!(!path.starts_with("/etc/passwd.txt"));

assert!(!Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/etc/foo.rs").starts_with("/etc/foo"));

pub fn ends_with<P>(&self, child: P) -> boolwhere
    P: AsRef<Path<T>>,

Determines whether child is a suffix of self.

Only considers whole path components to match.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/etc/resolv.conf");

assert!(path.ends_with("resolv.conf"));
assert!(path.ends_with("etc/resolv.conf"));
assert!(path.ends_with("/etc/resolv.conf"));

assert!(!path.ends_with("/resolv.conf"));
assert!(!path.ends_with("conf")); // use .extension() instead

pub fn file_stem(&self) -> Option<&[u8]>

Extracts the stem (non-extension) portion of self.file_name.

The stem is:

• None, if there is no file name;
• The entire file name if there is no embedded .;
• The entire file name if the file name begins with . and has no other .s within;
• Otherwise, the portion of the file name before the final .

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
assert_eq!(b"foo", Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.rs").file_stem().unwrap());
assert_eq!(b"foo.tar", Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.tar.gz").file_stem().unwrap());

pub fn extension(&self) -> Option<&[u8]>

Extracts the extension of self.file_name, if possible.

The extension is:

• None, if there is no file name;
• None, if there is no embedded .;
• None, if the file name begins with . and has no other .s within;
• Otherwise, the portion of the file name after the final .

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
assert_eq!(b"rs", Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.rs").extension().unwrap());
assert_eq!(b"gz", Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.tar.gz").extension().unwrap());

pub fn join<P: AsRef<Path<T>>>(&self, path: P) -> PathBuf<T>

Creates an owned PathBuf with path adjoined to self.

See PathBuf::push for more details on what it means to adjoin a path.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, PathBuf, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
assert_eq!(
    Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/etc").join("passwd"),
    PathBuf::from("/etc/passwd"),
);

pub fn with_file_name<S: AsRef<[u8]>>(&self, file_name: S) -> PathBuf<T>

Creates an owned PathBuf like self but with the given file name.

See PathBuf::set_file_name for more details.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, PathBuf, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/tmp/foo.txt");
assert_eq!(path.with_file_name("bar.txt"), PathBuf::from("/tmp/bar.txt"));

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/tmp");
assert_eq!(path.with_file_name("var"), PathBuf::from("/var"));

pub fn with_extension<S: AsRef<[u8]>>(&self, extension: S) -> PathBuf<T>

Creates an owned PathBuf like self but with the given extension.

See PathBuf::set_extension for more details.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, PathBuf, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.rs");
assert_eq!(path.with_extension("txt"), PathBuf::from("foo.txt"));

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("foo.tar.gz");
assert_eq!(path.with_extension(""), PathBuf::from("foo.tar"));
assert_eq!(path.with_extension("xz"), PathBuf::from("foo.tar.xz"));
assert_eq!(path.with_extension("").with_extension("txt"), PathBuf::from("foo.txt"));

pub fn components(&self) -> <T as Encoding<'_>>::Components

Produces an iterator over the Components of the path.

When parsing the path, there is a small amount of normalization:

• Repeated separators are ignored, so a/b and a//b both have a and b as components.

• Occurrences of . are normalized away, except if they are at the beginning of the path. For example, a/./b, a/b/, a/b/. and a/b all have a and b as components, but ./a/b starts with an additional CurDir component.

• A trailing slash is normalized away, /a/b and /a/b/ are equivalent.

Note that no other normalization takes place; in particular, a/c and a/b/../c are distinct, to account for the possibility that b is a symbolic link (so its parent isn’t a).

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding, unix::UnixComponent};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let mut components = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/tmp/foo.txt").components();

assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(UnixComponent::RootDir));
assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(UnixComponent::Normal(b"tmp")));
assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(UnixComponent::Normal(b"foo.txt")));
assert_eq!(components.next(), None)

pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, T>

Produces an iterator over the path’s components viewed as [[u8]] slices.

For more information about the particulars of how the path is separated into components, see components.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let mut it = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/tmp/foo.txt").iter();

assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(typed_path::unix::SEPARATOR_STR.as_bytes()));
assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(b"tmp".as_slice()));
assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(b"foo.txt".as_slice()));
assert_eq!(it.next(), None)

pub fn display(&self) -> Display<'_, T>

Returns an object that implements Display for safely printing paths that may contain non-Unicode data. This may perform lossy conversion, depending on the platform. If you would like an implementation which escapes the path please use Debug instead.

Examples

use typed_path::{Path, UnixEncoding};

// NOTE: A path cannot be created on its own without a defined encoding
let path = Path::<UnixEncoding>::new("/tmp/foo.rs");

println!("{}", path.display());

pub fn into_path_buf(self: Box<Path<T>>) -> PathBuf<T>

Converts a Box<Path> into a PathBuf without copying or allocating.

Trait Implementations

impl<T> AsRef<[u8]> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8]

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<OsStr> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &OsStr

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for [u8]where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for Cow<'_, [u8]>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<'a, T> AsRef<Path<T>> for Iter<'a, T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc> + 'a,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for OsStrwhere
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for OsStringwhere
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for PathBuf<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for Stringwhere
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for UnixComponent<'_>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for UnixComponents<'_>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for Vec<u8>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for WindowsComponent<'_>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for WindowsComponents<'_>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> AsRef<Path<T>> for strwhere
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path<T>

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.

impl<T> Borrow<Path<T>> for PathBuf<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn borrow(&self) -> &Path<T>

Immutably borrows from an owned value.

impl<T> Debug for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Display for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'a, T> From<&'a Path<T>> for Cow<'a, Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn from(s: &'a Path<T>) -> Self

Creates a clone-on-write pointer from a reference to Path.

This conversion does not clone or allocate.

impl<T> From<&Path<T>> for Arc<Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn from(path: &Path<T>) -> Self

Converts a Path into an Arc by copying the Path data into a new Arc buffer.

impl<T> From<&Path<T>> for Box<Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn from(path: &Path<T>) -> Self

Creates a boxed Path from a reference.

This will allocate and clone path to it.

impl<T> From<&Path<T>> for Rc<Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn from(path: &Path<T>) -> Self

Converts a Path into an Rc by copying the Path data into a new Rc buffer.

impl<T> From<Cow<'_, Path<T>>> for Box<Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn from(cow: Cow<'_, Path<T>>) -> Box<Path<T>>

Creates a boxed Path from a clone-on-write pointer.

Converting from a Cow::Owned does not clone or allocate.

impl<T> From<PathBuf<T>> for Box<Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn from(p: PathBuf<T>) -> Box<Path<T>>

Converts a PathBuf into a Box<Path>.

This conversion currently should not allocate memory, but this behavior is not guaranteed on all platforms or in all future versions.

impl<T> Hash for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, h: &mut H)

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

type Item = &'a [u8]

The type of the elements being iterated over.

type IntoIter = Iter<'a, T>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value.

impl<T> Ord for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn cmp(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<&'a [u8]> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &&'a [u8]) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<&'a Path<T>> for [u8]where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &&'a Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialEq<&'a Path<T>> for Cow<'b, [u8]>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &&'a Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<&'a Path<T>> for PathBuf<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &&'a Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<&'a Path<T>> for Vec<u8>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &&'a Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialEq<&'b Path<T>> for Cow<'a, Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &&'b Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<[u8]> for &'a Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &[u8]) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<T> PartialEq<[u8]> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &[u8]) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<Cow<'a, [u8]>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Cow<'a, [u8]>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialEq<Cow<'a, Path<T>>> for &'b Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Cow<'a, Path<T>>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<Cow<'a, Path<T>>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Cow<'a, Path<T>>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialEq<Cow<'b, [u8]>> for &'a Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Cow<'b, [u8]>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<Path<T>> for &'a [u8]where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<T> PartialEq<Path<T>> for [u8]where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<Path<T>> for Cow<'a, [u8]>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<Path<T>> for Cow<'a, Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<T> PartialEq<Path<T>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<T> PartialEq<Path<T>> for PathBuf<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<T> PartialEq<Path<T>> for Vec<u8>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<PathBuf<T>> for &'a Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &PathBuf<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<T> PartialEq<PathBuf<T>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &PathBuf<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialEq<Vec<u8, Global>> for &'a Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Vec<u8>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<T> PartialEq<Vec<u8, Global>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn eq(&self, other: &Vec<u8>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<&'a [u8]> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'a [u8]) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<&'a Path<T>> for [u8]where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'a Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialOrd<&'a Path<T>> for Cow<'b, [u8]>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'a Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<&'a Path<T>> for PathBuf<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'a Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<&'a Path<T>> for Vec<u8>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'a Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialOrd<&'b Path<T>> for Cow<'a, Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'b Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<[u8]> for &'a Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &[u8]) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<T> PartialOrd<[u8]> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &[u8]) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, [u8]>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Cow<'a, [u8]>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, Path<T>>> for &'b Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Cow<'a, Path<T>>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, Path<T>>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Cow<'a, Path<T>>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialOrd<Cow<'b, [u8]>> for &'a Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Cow<'b, [u8]>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<Path<T>> for &'a [u8]where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<T> PartialOrd<Path<T>> for [u8]where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<Path<T>> for Cow<'a, [u8]>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<Path<T>> for Cow<'a, Path<T>>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<T> PartialOrd<Path<T>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<T> PartialOrd<Path<T>> for PathBuf<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<T> PartialOrd<Path<T>> for Vec<u8>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Path<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<PathBuf<T>> for &'a Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &PathBuf<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<T> PartialOrd<PathBuf<T>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &PathBuf<T>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<'a, T> PartialOrd<Vec<u8, Global>> for &'a Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Vec<u8>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<T> PartialOrd<Vec<u8, Global>> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Vec<u8>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl<T> ToOwned for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

type Owned = PathBuf<T>

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.

fn to_owned(&self) -> Self::Owned

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning.

fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut Self::Owned)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning.

impl<T> TryAsRef<Path<T>> for StdPathwhere
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn try_as_ref(&self) -> Option<&Path<T>>

Attempts to convert a std::path::Path into a Path, returning a result containing the new path when successful

Examples

use std::path::Path;
use typed_path::{TryAsRef, UnixPath};

let std_path = Path::new("/path/to/file.txt");
let unix_path: &UnixPath = std_path.try_as_ref().unwrap();

impl<T> TryAsRef<Path> for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,

fn try_as_ref(&self) -> Option<&StdPath>

Attempts to convert a Path into a std::path::Path, succeeding if the path is comprised only of valid UTF-8 bytes

Examples

use std::path::Path;
use typed_path::{TryAsRef, UnixPath};

let unix_path = UnixPath::new("/path/to/file.txt");
let std_path: &Path = unix_path.try_as_ref().unwrap();

impl<T> Eq for Path<T>where
    T: for<'enc> Encoding<'enc>,