Struct twilio_async::io::BufWriter

pub struct BufWriter<W> where
    W: Write,  { /* fields omitted */ }

Wraps a writer and buffers its output.

It can be excessively inefficient to work directly with something that implements Write. For example, every call to write on TcpStream results in a system call. A BufWriter keeps an in-memory buffer of data and writes it to an underlying writer in large, infrequent batches.

BufWriter can improve the speed of programs that make small and repeated write calls to the same file or network socket. It does not help when writing very large amounts at once, or writing just one or a few times. It also provides no advantage when writing to a destination that is in memory, like a Vec<u8>.

When the BufWriter is dropped, the contents of its buffer will be written out. However, any errors that happen in the process of flushing the buffer when the writer is dropped will be ignored. Code that wishes to handle such errors must manually call flush before the writer is dropped.

Examples

Let's write the numbers one through ten to a TcpStream:

use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::net::TcpStream;

let mut stream = TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap();

for i in 0..10 {
    stream.write(&[i+1]).unwrap();
}

Because we're not buffering, we write each one in turn, incurring the overhead of a system call per byte written. We can fix this with a BufWriter:

use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::io::BufWriter;
use std::net::TcpStream;

let mut stream = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());

for i in 0..10 {
    stream.write(&[i+1]).unwrap();
}

By wrapping the stream with a BufWriter, these ten writes are all grouped together by the buffer, and will all be written out in one system call when the stream is dropped.

Methods

impl<W> BufWriter<W> where
    W: Write, 

Important traits for BufWriter<W>

impl<W> Write for BufWriter<W> where
    W: Write, 

pub fn new(inner: W) -> BufWriter<W>

Creates a new BufWriter with a default buffer capacity. The default is currently 8 KB, but may change in the future.

Examples

use std::io::BufWriter;
use std::net::TcpStream;

let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());

Important traits for BufWriter<W>

impl<W> Write for BufWriter<W> where
    W: Write, 

pub fn with_capacity(cap: usize, inner: W) -> BufWriter<W>

Creates a new BufWriter with the specified buffer capacity.

Examples

Creating a buffer with a buffer of a hundred bytes.

use std::io::BufWriter;
use std::net::TcpStream;

let stream = TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap();
let mut buffer = BufWriter::with_capacity(100, stream);

Important traits for &'a mut W

impl<'a, W> Write for &'a mut W where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<'a, R> Read for &'a mut R where
    R: Read + ?Sized, 

pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &W

Gets a reference to the underlying writer.

Examples

use std::io::BufWriter;
use std::net::TcpStream;

let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());

// we can use reference just like buffer
let reference = buffer.get_ref();

Important traits for &'a mut W

impl<'a, W> Write for &'a mut W where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<'a, R> Read for &'a mut R where
    R: Read + ?Sized, 

pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut W

Gets a mutable reference to the underlying writer.

It is inadvisable to directly write to the underlying writer.

Examples

use std::io::BufWriter;
use std::net::TcpStream;

let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());

// we can use reference just like buffer
let reference = buffer.get_mut();

Important traits for &'a mut [u8]

impl<'a> Write for &'a mut [u8]impl<'a> Read for &'a [u8]

pub fn buffer(&self) -> &[u8]

🔬 This is a nightly-only experimental API. (bufreader_buffer)

Returns a reference to the internally buffered data.

Examples

use std::io::BufWriter;
use std::net::TcpStream;

let buf_writer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());

// See how many bytes are currently buffered
let bytes_buffered = buf_writer.buffer().len();

pub fn into_inner(self) -> Result<W, IntoInnerError<BufWriter<W>>>

Unwraps this BufWriter, returning the underlying writer.

The buffer is written out before returning the writer.

Errors

An Err will be returned if an error occurs while flushing the buffer.

Examples

use std::io::BufWriter;
use std::net::TcpStream;

let mut buffer = BufWriter::new(TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:34254").unwrap());

// unwrap the TcpStream and flush the buffer
let stream = buffer.into_inner().unwrap();

Trait Implementations

impl<W> Seek for BufWriter<W> where
    W: Write + Seek, 

fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64, Error>

Seek to the offset, in bytes, in the underlying writer.

Seeking always writes out the internal buffer before seeking.

impl<W> Write for BufWriter<W> where
    W: Write, 

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Flush this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination.

fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.

fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.

Important traits for &'a mut W

impl<'a, W> Write for &'a mut W where
    W: Write + ?Sized, impl<'a, R> Read for &'a mut R where
    R: Read + ?Sized, 

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

Creates a "by reference" adaptor for this instance of Write.

impl<W> Drop for BufWriter<W> where
    W: Write, 

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.

impl<W> Debug for BufWriter<W> where
    W: Write + Debug, 

fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> AsyncWrite for BufWriter<T> where
    T: AsyncWrite, 

fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Result<Async<()>, Error>

Initiates or attempts to shut down this writer, returning success when the I/O connection has completely shut down.

fn poll_write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<Async<usize>, Error>

Attempt to write bytes from buf into the object.

fn poll_flush(&mut self) -> Result<Async<()>, Error>

Attempt to flush the object, ensuring that any buffered data reach their destination.

fn write_buf<B>(&mut self, buf: &mut B) -> Result<Async<usize>, Error> where
    B: Buf, 

Write a Buf into this value, returning how many bytes were written.