Struct tracking_params::Cleaned

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pub struct Cleaned(_);

Expand description

A cleaned URL.

This is a wrapper around and Deref into url::Url that also overriedes the ToString to prevent extra = at the end of the URL when the query string does not have any value.

eg.https://example.com/?json turns to https://example.com/?json= when ToString is called on the Url type.

Methods from Deref<Target = Url>§

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pub fn join(&self, input: &str) -> Result<Url, ParseError>

Parse a string as an URL, with this URL as the base URL.

The inverse of this is make_relative.

Note: a trailing slash is significant. Without it, the last path component is considered to be a “file” name to be removed to get at the “directory” that is used as the base:

Examples

use url::Url;

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html")?;
let url = base.join("c.png")?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/a/c.png");  // Not /a/b.html/c.png

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?;
let url = base.join("c.png")?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/a/b/c.png");

Errors

If the function can not parse an URL from the given string with this URL as the base URL, a ParseError variant will be returned.

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pub fn make_relative(&self, url: &Url) -> Option<String>

Creates a relative URL if possible, with this URL as the base URL.

This is the inverse of join.

Examples

use url::Url;

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html")?;
let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/c.png")?;
let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("c.png"));

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?;
let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/c.png")?;
let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("c.png"));

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?;
let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/d/c.png")?;
let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("../d/c.png"));

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html?c=d")?;
let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html?e=f")?;
let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("?e=f"));

Errors

If this URL can’t be a base for the given URL, None is returned. This is for example the case if the scheme, host or port are not the same.

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pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str

Return the serialization of this URL.

This is fast since that serialization is already stored in the Url struct.

pub fn origin(&self) -> Origin

Return the origin of this URL (https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#origin)

Note: this returns an opaque origin for file: URLs, which causes url.origin() != url.origin().

pub fn scheme(&self) -> &str

Return the scheme of this URL, lower-cased, as an ASCII string without the ‘:’ delimiter.

pub fn has_authority(&self) -> bool

Return whether the URL has an ‘authority’, which can contain a username, password, host, and port number.

URLs that do not are either path-only like unix:/run/foo.socket or cannot-be-a-base like data:text/plain,Stuff.

pub fn cannot_be_a_base(&self) -> bool

Return whether this URL is a cannot-be-a-base URL, meaning that parsing a relative URL string with this URL as the base will return an error.

This is the case if the scheme and : delimiter are not followed by a / slash, as is typically the case of data: and mailto: URLs.

pub fn username(&self) -> &str

Return the username for this URL (typically the empty string) as a percent-encoded ASCII string.

pub fn password(&self) -> Option<&str>

Return the password for this URL, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.

pub fn has_host(&self) -> bool

Equivalent to url.host().is_some().

pub fn host_str(&self) -> Option<&str>

Return the string representation of the host (domain or IP address) for this URL, if any.

Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs. IPv6 addresses are given between [ and ] brackets.

Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of data: and mailto:) and some file: URLs don’t have a host.

pub fn host(&self) -> Option<Host<&str>>

Return the parsed representation of the host for this URL. Non-ASCII domain labels are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs.

Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of data: and mailto:) and some file: URLs don’t have a host.

pub fn domain(&self) -> Option<&str>

If this URL has a host and it is a domain name (not an IP address), return it. Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/")?;
assert_eq!(url.domain(), None);

let url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
assert_eq!(url.domain(), None);

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/")?;
assert_eq!(url.domain(), Some("example.com"));

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pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u16>

Return the port number for this URL, if any.

Note that default port numbers are never reflected by the serialization, use the port_or_known_default() method if you want a default port number returned.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.port(), None);

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com:443/")?;
assert_eq!(url.port(), None);

let url = Url::parse("ssh://example.com:22")?;
assert_eq!(url.port(), Some(22));

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pub fn port_or_known_default(&self) -> Option<u16>

Return the port number for this URL, or the default port number if it is known.

This method only knows the default port number of the http, https, ws, wss and ftp schemes.

For URLs in these schemes, this method always returns Some(_). For other schemes, it is the same as Url::port().

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("foo://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), None);

let url = Url::parse("foo://example.com:1456")?;
assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(1456));

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(443));

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pub fn socket_addrs(
&self,
default_port_number: impl Fn() -> Option<u16>
) -> Result<Vec<SocketAddr, Global>, Error>

Resolve a URL’s host and port number to SocketAddr.

If the URL has the default port number of a scheme that is unknown to this library, default_port_number provides an opportunity to provide the actual port number. In non-example code this should be implemented either simply as || None, or by matching on the URL’s .scheme().

If the host is a domain, it is resolved using the standard library’s DNS support.

Examples

let url = url::Url::parse("https://example.net/").unwrap();
let addrs = url.socket_addrs(|| None).unwrap();
std::net::TcpStream::connect(&*addrs)

/// With application-specific known default port numbers
fn socket_addrs(url: url::Url) -> std::io::Result<Vec<std::net::SocketAddr>> {
    url.socket_addrs(|| match url.scheme() {
        "socks5" | "socks5h" => Some(1080),
        _ => None,
    })
}

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pub fn path(&self) -> &str

Return the path for this URL, as a percent-encoded ASCII string. For cannot-be-a-base URLs, this is an arbitrary string that doesn’t start with ‘/’. For other URLs, this starts with a ‘/’ slash and continues with slash-separated path segments.

Examples

use url::{Url, ParseError};

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/api/versions?page=2")?;
assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/versions");

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.path(), "/");

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/countries/việt nam")?;
assert_eq!(url.path(), "/countries/vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam");

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pub fn path_segments(&self) -> Option<Split<'_, char>>

Unless this URL is cannot-be-a-base, return an iterator of ‘/’ slash-separated path segments, each as a percent-encoded ASCII string.

Return None for cannot-be-a-base URLs.

When Some is returned, the iterator always contains at least one string (which may be empty).

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/foo/bar")?;
let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("foo"));
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("bar"));
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None);

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some(""));
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None);

let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,HelloWorld")?;
assert!(url.path_segments().is_none());

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/countries/việt nam")?;
let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("countries"));
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam"));

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pub fn query(&self) -> Option<&str>

Return this URL’s query string, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.

Examples

use url::Url;

fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products?page=2")?;
let query = url.query();
assert_eq!(query, Some("page=2"));

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products")?;
let query = url.query();
assert!(query.is_none());

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/?country=español")?;
let query = url.query();
assert_eq!(query, Some("country=espa%C3%B1ol"));

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pub fn query_pairs(&self) -> Parse<'_>

Parse the URL’s query string, if any, as application/x-www-form-urlencoded and return an iterator of (key, value) pairs.

Examples

use std::borrow::Cow;

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products?page=2&sort=desc")?;
let mut pairs = url.query_pairs();

assert_eq!(pairs.count(), 2);

assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("page"), Cow::Borrowed("2"))));
assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("sort"), Cow::Borrowed("desc"))));

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pub fn fragment(&self) -> Option<&str>

Return this URL’s fragment identifier, if any.

A fragment is the part of the URL after the # symbol. The fragment is optional and, if present, contains a fragment identifier that identifies a secondary resource, such as a section heading of a document.

In HTML, the fragment identifier is usually the id attribute of a an element that is scrolled to on load. Browsers typically will not send the fragment portion of a URL to the server.

Note: the parser did not percent-encode this component, but the input may have been percent-encoded already.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv#row=4")?;

assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("row=4"));

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv#cell=4,1-6,2")?;

assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));

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pub fn to_file_path(&self) -> Result<PathBuf, ()>

Assuming the URL is in the file scheme or similar, convert its path to an absolute std::path::Path.

Note: This does not actually check the URL’s scheme, and may give nonsensical results for other schemes. It is the user’s responsibility to check the URL’s scheme before calling this.

let path = url.to_file_path();

Returns Err if the host is neither empty nor "localhost" (except on Windows, where file: URLs may have a non-local host), or if Path::new_opt() returns None. (That is, if the percent-decoded path contains a NUL byte or, for a Windows path, is not UTF-8.)

Struct tracking_params::Cleaned

Methods from Deref<Target = Url>§

pub fn join(&self, input: &str) -> Result<Url, ParseError>

pub fn make_relative(&self, url: &Url) -> Option<String>

pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str

pub fn origin(&self) -> Origin

pub fn scheme(&self) -> &str

pub fn has_authority(&self) -> bool

pub fn cannot_be_a_base(&self) -> bool

pub fn username(&self) -> &str

pub fn password(&self) -> Option<&str>

pub fn has_host(&self) -> bool

pub fn host_str(&self) -> Option<&str>

pub fn host(&self) -> Option<Host<&str>>

pub fn domain(&self) -> Option<&str>

pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u16>

pub fn port_or_known_default(&self) -> Option<u16>

pub fn socket_addrs( &self, default_port_number: impl Fn() -> Option<u16>) -> Result<Vec<SocketAddr, Global>, Error>

pub fn path(&self) -> &str

pub fn path_segments(&self) -> Option<Split<'_, char>>

pub fn query(&self) -> Option<&str>

pub fn query_pairs(&self) -> Parse<'_>

pub fn fragment(&self) -> Option<&str>

pub fn to_file_path(&self) -> Result<PathBuf, ()>

Trait Implementations§

impl Clone for Cleaned

fn clone(&self) -> Cleaned

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

impl Debug for Cleaned

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

impl Deref for Cleaned

type Target = Url

fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target

impl ToString for Cleaned

fn to_string(&self) -> String

Auto Trait Implementations§

impl RefUnwindSafe for Cleaned

impl Send for Cleaned

impl Sync for Cleaned

impl Unpin for Cleaned

impl UnwindSafe for Cleaned

Blanket Implementations§

impl<T> Any for Twhere T: 'static + ?Sized,

fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

impl<T> Borrow<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

impl<T> From<T> for T

fn from(t: T) -> T

impl<T, U> Into<U> for Twhere U: From<T>,

fn into(self) -> U

impl<T> ToOwned for Twhere T: Clone,

type Owned = T

fn to_owned(&self) -> T

fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for Twhere U: Into<T>,

type Error = Infallible

fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for Twhere U: TryFrom<T>,

type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

pub fn socket_addrs(
&self,
default_port_number: impl Fn() -> Option<u16>
) -> Result<Vec<SocketAddr, Global>, Error>

impl<T> Any for Twhere
T: 'static + ?Sized,

impl<T> Borrow<T> for Twhere
T: ?Sized,

impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere
T: ?Sized,

impl<T, U> Into<U> for Twhere
U: From<T>,

impl<T> ToOwned for Twhere
T: Clone,

impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for Twhere
U: Into<T>,

impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for Twhere
U: TryFrom<T>,