Crate tokio_postgres

An asynchronous, pipelined, PostgreSQL client.

Example

use tokio_postgres::{NoTls, Error};

#[tokio::main] // By default, tokio_postgres uses the tokio crate as its runtime.
async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
    // Connect to the database.
    let (client, connection) =
        tokio_postgres::connect("host=localhost user=postgres", NoTls).await?;

    // The connection object performs the actual communication with the database,
    // so spawn it off to run on its own.
    tokio::spawn(async move {
        if let Err(e) = connection.await {
            eprintln!("connection error: {}", e);
        }
    });

    // Now we can execute a simple statement that just returns its parameter.
    let rows = client
        .query("SELECT $1::TEXT", &[&"hello world"])
        .await?;

    // And then check that we got back the same string we sent over.
    let value: &str = rows[0].get(0);
    assert_eq!(value, "hello world");

    Ok(())
}

Behavior

Calling a method like Client::query on its own does nothing. The associated request is not sent to the database until the future returned by the method is first polled. Requests are executed in the order that they are first polled, not in the order that their futures are created.

Pipelining

The client supports pipelined requests. Pipelining can improve performance in use cases in which multiple, independent queries need to be executed. In a traditional workflow, each query is sent to the server after the previous query completes. In contrast, pipelining allows the client to send all of the queries to the server up front, minimizing time spent by one side waiting for the other to finish sending data:

            Sequential                              Pipelined
| Client         | Server          |    | Client         | Server          |
|----------------|-----------------|    |----------------|-----------------|
| send query 1   |                 |    | send query 1   |                 |
|                | process query 1 |    | send query 2   | process query 1 |
| receive rows 1 |                 |    | send query 3   | process query 2 |
| send query 2   |                 |    | receive rows 1 | process query 3 |
|                | process query 2 |    | receive rows 2 |                 |
| receive rows 2 |                 |    | receive rows 3 |                 |
| send query 3   |                 |
|                | process query 3 |
| receive rows 3 |                 |

In both cases, the PostgreSQL server is executing the queries sequentially - pipelining just allows both sides of the connection to work concurrently when possible.

Pipelining happens automatically when futures are polled concurrently (for example, by using the futures join combinator):

use futures_util::future;
use std::future::Future;
use tokio_postgres::{Client, Error, Statement};

async fn pipelined_prepare(
    client: &Client,
) -> Result<(Statement, Statement), Error>
{
    future::try_join(
        client.prepare("SELECT * FROM foo"),
        client.prepare("INSERT INTO bar (id, name) VALUES ($1, $2)")
    ).await
}

Runtime

The client works with arbitrary AsyncRead + AsyncWrite streams. Convenience APIs are provided to handle the connection process, but these are gated by the runtime Cargo feature, which is enabled by default. If disabled, all dependence on the tokio runtime is removed.

SSL/TLS support

TLS support is implemented via external libraries. Client::connect and Config::connect take a TLS implementation as an argument. The NoTls type in this crate can be used when TLS is not required. Otherwise, the postgres-openssl and postgres-native-tls crates provide implementations backed by the openssl and native-tls crates, respectively.

Features

The following features can be enabled from Cargo.toml:

Feature	Description	Extra dependencies	Default
runtime	Enable convenience API for the connection process based on the tokio crate.	tokio 1.0 with the features net and time	yes
array-impls	Enables ToSql and FromSql trait impls for arrays	-	no
with-bit-vec-0_6	Enable support for the bit-vec crate.	bit-vec 0.6	no
with-chrono-0_4	Enable support for the chrono crate.	chrono 0.4	no
with-eui48-0_4	Enable support for the 0.4 version of the eui48 crate. This is deprecated and will be removed.	eui48 0.4	no
with-eui48-1	Enable support for the 1.0 version of the eui48 crate.	eui48 1.0	no
with-geo-types-0_6	Enable support for the 0.6 version of the geo-types crate.	geo-types 0.6	no
with-geo-types-0_7	Enable support for the 0.7 version of the geo-types crate.	geo-types 0.7	no
with-jiff-0_1	Enable support for the 0.1 version of the jiff crate.	jiff 0.1	no
with-serde_json-1	Enable support for the serde_json crate.	serde_json 1.0	no
with-uuid-0_8	Enable support for the uuid crate.	uuid 0.8	no
with-uuid-1	Enable support for the uuid crate.	uuid 1.0	no
with-time-0_2	Enable support for the 0.2 version of the time crate.	time 0.2	no
with-time-0_3	Enable support for the 0.3 version of the time crate.	time 0.3	no

Re-exports

pub use crate::config::Config;

pub use crate::error::Error;

pub use crate::row::Row;

pub use crate::row::SimpleQueryRow;

pub use crate::tls::NoTls;

Modules

binary_copy

Utilities for working with the PostgreSQL binary copy format.

config

Connection configuration.

error

Errors.

row

Rows.

tls

TLS support.

types

Types.

Structs

CancelToken

The capability to request cancellation of in-progress queries on a connection.

Client

An asynchronous PostgreSQL client.

Column

Information about a column of a query.

Connection

A connection to a PostgreSQL database.

CopyInSink

A sink for COPY ... FROM STDIN query data.

CopyOutStream

A stream of COPY ... TO STDOUT query data.

Notification

An asynchronous notification.

Portal

A portal.

RowStream

A stream of table rows.

SimpleColumn

Information about a column of a single query row.

SimpleQueryStream

A stream of simple query results.

Socket

The standard stream type used by the crate.

Statement

A prepared statement.

Transaction

A representation of a PostgreSQL database transaction.

TransactionBuilder

A builder for database transactions.

Enums

AsyncMessage

An asynchronous message from the server.

IsolationLevel

The isolation level of a database transaction.

SimpleQueryMessage

Message returned by the SimpleQuery stream.

Traits

GenericClient

A trait allowing abstraction over connections and transactions.

ToStatement

A trait abstracting over prepared and unprepared statements.

Functions

connect

A convenience function which parses a connection string and connects to the database.