Struct Error 

pub struct Error {
    pub status: u16,
    pub category: String,
    pub message: String,
    /* private fields */
}

全局 HTTP 错误类型，贯穿整个应用。

category 与 message 始终存在，直接置于结构体上。 可选字段通过 Box<ErrorData> 装箱，将 Err 变体保持在 result_large_err 的 128 字节限制以内。

Fields

status: u16

HTTP 状态码，0 表示未设置，IntoResponse 时回退为 500。

category: String

错误来源模块或分类，如 “cache”、“db”。

message: String

面向用户或日志的错误描述信息。

Implementations

impl Error

pub fn new(message: impl ToString) -> Self

以错误信息创建新的 Error 实例，其余字段均为默认值。

pub fn with_category(self, category: impl ToString) -> Self

设置错误分类（模块来源），支持链式调用。

pub fn with_sub_category(self, sub_category: impl ToString) -> Self

设置错误子分类，支持链式调用。

pub fn with_code(self, code: impl ToString) -> Self

设置业务错误码，支持链式调用。

pub fn with_status(self, status: u16) -> Self

设置 HTTP 状态码，支持链式调用。

pub fn with_exception(self, exception: bool) -> Self

标记是否为需要告警的异常级错误，支持链式调用。

pub fn add_extra(self, value: impl ToString) -> Self

追加一条附加上下文信息，支持链式调用。

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Error

fn clone(&self) -> Error

Returns a duplicate of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Error

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for Error

fn default() -> Error

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl Deref for Error

通过 Deref/DerefMut 将 ErrorData 的可选字段（sub_category、 code、exception、extra）直接暴露在 Error 上，无需手动访问 .data。

type Target = ErrorData

The resulting type after dereferencing.

fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target

Dereferences the value.

impl DerefMut for Error

fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target

Mutably dereferences the value.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Error

fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>

where D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl Display for Error

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Error for Error

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

Returns the lower-level source of this error, if any.

fn description(&self) -> &str

👎Deprecated since 1.42.0:

use the Display impl or to_string()

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎Deprecated since 1.33.0:

replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting

fn provide<'a>(&'a self, request: &mut Request<'a>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (error_generic_member_access)

Provides type-based access to context intended for error reports.

impl IntoResponse for Error

将 Error 转换为带 JSON 响应体和 no-cache 头的 HTTP 响应。

fn into_response(self) -> Response

Create a response.

impl Serialize for Error

序列化为扁平 JSON 对象：{ category, message, sub_category?, … }。

fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>

where S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.