Struct Pong 

pub struct Pong { /* private fields */ }

Single-player Pong: agent controls left paddle, rule-based opponent on right.

Snapshot semantics

clone_state / restore_state capture ball state, paddles, scores and step counter, but not the thread-local RNG used by serve (the random ball direction/height sampled after every score). Trajectories that do not score (no ball exiting through either edge) are fully reproducible after restore_state; scoring steps will redraw a new random serve and so are not reproduced bit-for-bit.

Implementations

impl Pong

pub fn new() -> Self

Construct a new Pong environment with the ball served toward the agent.

pub fn get_state(&self) -> [f32; 6]

Raw rendering state: [ball_x, ball_y, left_y, right_y, left_score, right_score]

pub fn step_two(&mut self, left_action: i64, right_action: i64) -> StepResult

Step the environment with explicit actions for both paddles.

Unlike Environment::step, which drives the right paddle with a rule-based tracker (see OPPONENT_SPEED), this method takes a direct action for the right paddle. Both action arguments use the same encoding as Environment::step: 0 = up, 1 = stay, 2 = down.

Used by self-play training where the right paddle is controlled by a frozen policy snapshot rather than the heuristic. Ball physics, collisions, scoring, and termination are otherwise identical to Environment::step.

Trait Implementations

impl Default for Pong

fn default() -> Self

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl Environment for Pong

type Action = i64

Action type accepted by Environment::step.

type State = PongState

Snapshot type for this env. For fully deterministic envs without internal RNG, this is the complete env state and restore_state reproduces every subsequent step exactly. For envs that consume an internal RNG (e.g. ball serve direction, food placement), the snapshot captures the simulation step but not the RNG; see the env-level documentation for which fields are preserved.

fn reset(&mut self)

Reset the environment and return initial observation

fn get_observation(&self) -> Vec<f32>

Get the current observation

fn step(&mut self, action: i64) -> StepResult

Step the environment with an action

fn observation_space(&self) -> SpaceInfo

Get the observation space dimensions

fn action_space(&self) -> SpaceInfo

Get the action space dimensions

fn render(&self) -> Vec<u8>

Render the current environment state

fn close(&mut self)

Close the environment

fn clone_state(&self) -> PongState

Snapshot the current env state for later restoration.

fn restore_state(&mut self, state: &PongState)

Restore the env to a previously-snapshotted state.