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DedupMergeIterator

Struct DedupMergeIterator 

Source
pub struct DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>
where K: Ord, I: Iterator<Item = DedupEntry<K, V>>,
{ /* private fields */ }

Implementations§

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impl<K, V, I> DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>
where K: Ord, I: Iterator<Item = DedupEntry<K, V>>,

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pub fn new<S: IntoIterator<Item = I>>(streams: S) -> Self

Examples found in repository?
examples/sample_app.rs (line 197)
184fn compact_last_prices() {
185    use subms_merge_iterator::{DedupEntry, DedupMergeIterator};
186    println!("\n== dedup: compact the last-price rows ==");
187    let flushed = PRICE_FLUSHED
188        .iter()
189        .map(|&(k, v)| DedupEntry::new(k, v))
190        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
191    let memtable = PRICE_MEMTABLE
192        .iter()
193        .map(|&(k, v)| DedupEntry::new(k, v))
194        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
195
196    let compacted: Vec<(&str, i64)> =
197        DedupMergeIterator::new([flushed.into_iter(), memtable.into_iter()])
198            .map(|e| (e.key, e.value))
199            .collect();
200    println!("  compacted last prices: {compacted:?}");
201    assert_eq!(compacted, vec![("AAPL", 152), ("MSFT", 300)]);
202}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/perf_features.rs (line 350)
258fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
259    let path = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
260        .join("..")
261        .join(".subms")
262        .join("features")
263        .join("rust.json");
264    let existing = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap_or_default();
265    let mut manifest = SubMsFeatureManifest::load_str("rust", &existing);
266    // Stamp the box these numbers came from. The bench runs wherever it is
267    // invoked, so an unstamped manifest is indistinguishable from a fleet
268    // capture; the renderer will not publish one it cannot attribute.
269    let (source, instance) = SubMsP99Source::from_env();
270    manifest.set_p99_source(source, instance.as_deref());
271
272    // The baseline: a plain merge step with no feature enabled. Every feature
273    // decorates this step, so it is what they are classified against. Swept as
274    // well as measured, because a base that itself drifted with size would make
275    // every feature's flat reading meaningless.
276    let base_sw = sweep("base/next", |n| {
277        per_element(|| MergeIterator::new(plain_streams(n)), n, true)
278    });
279    let base_p50 = base_sw[base_sw.len() - 1].1;
280    eprintln!("base next p50: {base_p50}ns/element");
281
282    // ---------- seek-to: skip forward past a key ----------
283    #[cfg(feature = "seek-to")]
284    {
285        let sw = sweep("seek-to/seek", |n| seek_only(n, true));
286        let (cat, reason) = classify_feature(&sw, Some(base_p50), None);
287
288        let mut p99 = BTreeMap::new();
289        p99.insert("seek".to_string(), seek_only(CANON, false));
290        p99.insert("next_after_seek".to_string(), seek_then_next(CANON, false));
291        manifest.set_feature("seek-to", cat, &p99, &reason);
292    }
293
294    // ---------- reverse: descending merge + seek_for_prev ----------
295    #[cfg(feature = "reverse")]
296    {
297        let sw = sweep("reverse/next", |n| {
298            per_element(|| ReverseMergeIterator::new(descending_streams(n)), n, true)
299        });
300        let (cat, reason) = classify_feature(&sw, Some(base_p50), None);
301
302        let mut p99 = BTreeMap::new();
303        p99.insert(
304            "reverse_next".to_string(),
305            per_element(
306                || ReverseMergeIterator::new(descending_streams(CANON)),
307                CANON,
308                false,
309            ),
310        );
311        p99.insert(
312            "seek_for_prev".to_string(),
313            seek_for_prev_only(CANON, false),
314        );
315        manifest.set_feature("reverse", cat, &p99, &reason);
316    }
317
318    // ---------- tombstones: delete markers mask same-key entries ----------
319    #[cfg(feature = "tombstones")]
320    {
321        // Every 8th key is a tombstone, so one next in eight pops twice and
322        // loops to find the next live key. The decoration is per element.
323        let sw = sweep("tombstones/next", |n| {
324            per_element(
325                || TombstoneMergeIterator::new(tombstone_streams(n)),
326                n / 8 * 7,
327                true,
328            )
329        });
330        let (cat, reason) = classify_feature(&sw, Some(base_p50), None);
331
332        let mut p99 = BTreeMap::new();
333        p99.insert(
334            "tombstones_next".to_string(),
335            per_element(
336                || TombstoneMergeIterator::new(tombstone_streams(CANON)),
337                CANON / 8 * 7,
338                false,
339            ),
340        );
341        manifest.set_feature("tombstones", cat, &p99, &reason);
342    }
343
344    // ---------- dedup: collapse equal keys, latest source wins ----------
345    #[cfg(feature = "dedup")]
346    {
347        // Halved key space, so every key is carried by two sources and every
348        // next pops twice: the collapse path runs on every element yielded.
349        let sw = sweep("dedup/next", |n| {
350            per_element(|| DedupMergeIterator::new(dedup_streams(n)), n / 2, true)
351        });
352        let (cat, reason) = classify_feature(&sw, Some(base_p50), None);
353
354        let mut p99 = BTreeMap::new();
355        p99.insert(
356            "dedup_next".to_string(),
357            per_element(
358                || DedupMergeIterator::new(dedup_streams(CANON)),
359                CANON / 2,
360                false,
361            ),
362        );
363        manifest.set_feature("dedup", cat, &p99, &reason);
364    }
365
366    // ---------- priority: explicit per-source precedence on key tie ----------
367    #[cfg(feature = "priority")]
368    {
369        // Same collide-on-halved-keys shape as dedup, plus a priority field in
370        // the heap comparison, so the two figures are directly comparable.
371        let sw = sweep("priority/next", |n| {
372            per_element(
373                || PriorityMergeIterator::new(priority_sources(n)),
374                n / 2,
375                true,
376            )
377        });
378        let (cat, reason) = classify_feature(&sw, Some(base_p50), None);
379
380        let mut p99 = BTreeMap::new();
381        p99.insert(
382            "priority_next".to_string(),
383            per_element(
384                || PriorityMergeIterator::new(priority_sources(CANON)),
385                CANON / 2,
386                false,
387            ),
388        );
389        manifest.set_feature("priority", cat, &p99, &reason);
390    }
391
392    std::fs::create_dir_all(path.parent().unwrap())?;
393    std::fs::write(&path, manifest.to_json())?;
394    io::stdout().write_all(manifest.to_json().as_bytes())?;
395    Ok(())
396}

Trait Implementations§

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impl<K, V, I> Iterator for DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>
where K: Ord, I: Iterator<Item = DedupEntry<K, V>>,

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type Item = DedupEntry<K, V>

The type of the elements being iterated over.
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fn next(&mut self) -> Option<DedupEntry<K, V>>

Advances the iterator and returns the next value. Read more
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fn next_chunk<const N: usize>( &mut self, ) -> Result<[Self::Item; N], IntoIter<Self::Item, N>>
where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_next_chunk)
Advances the iterator and returns an array containing the next N values. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn count(self) -> usize
where Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn last(self) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator, returning the last element. Read more
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fn advance_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)
Advances the iterator by n elements. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn nth(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item>

Returns the nth element of the iterator. Read more
1.28.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn chain<U>(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn zip<U>(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator,

‘Zips up’ two iterators into a single iterator of pairs. Read more
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fn intersperse(self, separator: Self::Item) -> Intersperse<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)
Creates a new iterator which places a copy of separator between items of the original iterator. Read more
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fn intersperse_with<G>(self, separator: G) -> IntersperseWith<Self, G>
where Self: Sized, G: FnMut() -> Self::Item,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)
Creates a new iterator which places an item generated by separator between items of the original iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> B,

Takes a closure and creates an iterator which calls that closure on each element. Read more
1.21.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn for_each<F>(self, f: F)
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item),

Calls a closure on each element of an iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Filter<Self, P>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be yielded. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn filter_map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both filters and maps. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which can use the peek and peek_mut methods to look at the next element of the iterator without consuming it. See their documentation for more information. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn skip_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that skips elements based on a predicate. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn take_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that yields elements based on a predicate. Read more
1.57.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn map_while<B, P>(self, predicate: P) -> MapWhile<Self, P>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both yields elements based on a predicate and maps. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that skips the first n elements. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that yields the first n elements, or fewer if the underlying iterator ends sooner. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn scan<St, B, F>(self, initial_state: St, f: F) -> Scan<Self, St, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&mut St, Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

An iterator adapter which, like fold, holds internal state, but unlike fold, produces a new iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F>
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,

Creates an iterator that works like map, but flattens nested structure. Read more
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fn map_windows<F, R, const N: usize>(self, f: F) -> MapWindows<Self, F, N>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&[Self::Item; N]) -> R,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_map_windows)
Calls the given function f for each contiguous window of size N over self and returns an iterator over the outputs of f. Like slice::windows(), the windows during mapping overlap as well. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which ends after the first None. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item),

Does something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Iterator. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn collect<B>(self) -> B
where B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Transforms an iterator into a collection. Read more
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fn collect_into<E>(self, collection: &mut E) -> &mut E
where E: Extend<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_collect_into)
Collects all the items from an iterator into a collection. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B)
where Self: Sized, B: Default + Extend<Self::Item>, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it. Read more
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fn is_partitioned<P>(self, predicate: P) -> bool
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)
Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Read more
1.27.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value. Read more
1.27.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = ()>,

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn fold<B, F>(self, init: B, f: F) -> B
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,

Folds every element into an accumulator by applying an operation, returning the final result. Read more
1.51.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn reduce<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item,

Reduces the elements to a single one, by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. Read more
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fn try_reduce<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<<R as Try>::Output>>>::TryType
where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = Self::Item>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_reduce)
Reduces the elements to a single one by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. If the closure returns a failure, the failure is propagated back to the caller immediately. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn find<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate. Read more
1.30.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option<B>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result. Read more
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fn try_find<R>( &mut self, f: impl FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<Self::Item>>>::TryType
where Self: Sized, R: Try<Output = bool>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_find)
Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first true result or the first error. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn position<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element in an iterator, returning its index. Read more
1.6.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn max_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value from the specified function. Read more
1.15.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.6.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn min_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value from the specified function. Read more
1.15.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> (FromA, FromB)
where FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = (A, B)>,

Converts an iterator of pairs into a pair of containers. Read more
1.36.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn copied<'a, T>(self) -> Copied<Self>
where T: Copy + 'a, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which copies all of its elements. Read more
1.0.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn cloned<'a, T>(self) -> Cloned<Self>
where T: Clone + 'a, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which clones all of its elements. Read more
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fn array_chunks<const N: usize>(self) -> ArrayChunks<Self, N>
where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_array_chunks)
Returns an iterator over N elements of the iterator at a time. Read more
1.11.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn sum<S>(self) -> S
where Self: Sized, S: Sum<Self::Item>,

Sums the elements of an iterator. Read more
1.11.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn product<P>(self) -> P
where Self: Sized, P: Product<Self::Item>,

Iterates over the entire iterator, multiplying all the elements. Read more
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fn cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, cmp: F) -> Ordering
where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Ordering,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)
Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn partial_cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Option<Ordering>
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Lexicographically compares the PartialOrd elements of this Iterator with those of another. The comparison works like short-circuit evaluation, returning a result without comparing the remaining elements. As soon as an order can be determined, the evaluation stops and a result is returned. Read more
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fn partial_cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, partial_cmp: F) -> Option<Ordering>
where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Option<Ordering>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)
Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn eq<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another. Read more
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fn eq_by<I, F>(self, other: I, eq: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)
Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another with respect to the specified equality function. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn ne<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are not equal to those of another. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn lt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less than those of another. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn le<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less or equal to those of another. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn gt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than those of another. Read more
1.5.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn ge<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than or equal to those of another. Read more
1.82.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function. Read more
1.82.0 (const: unstable) · Source§

fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, f: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K, K: PartialOrd,

Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function. Read more

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl<K, V, I> Freeze for DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>

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impl<K, V, I> RefUnwindSafe for DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>

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impl<K, V, I> Send for DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>
where I: Send, K: Send, V: Send,

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impl<K, V, I> Sync for DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>
where I: Sync, K: Sync, V: Sync,

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impl<K, V, I> Unpin for DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>
where I: Unpin, K: Unpin, V: Unpin,

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impl<K, V, I> UnsafeUnpin for DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>

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impl<K, V, I> UnwindSafe for DedupMergeIterator<K, V, I>
where I: UnwindSafe, K: UnwindSafe, V: UnwindSafe,

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<I> IntoIterator for I
where I: Iterator,

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type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.
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type IntoIter = I

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?
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fn into_iter(self) -> I

Creates an iterator from a value. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.