Crate sp_runtime

Substrate Runtime Primitives.

This crate, among other things, contains a large library of types and utilities that are used in the Substrate runtime, but are not particularly FRAME-oriented.

Block, Header and Extrinsics

Most notable, this crate contains some of the types and trait that enable important communication between the client and the runtime. This includes:

• A set of traits to declare what any block/header/extrinsic type should provide.
  • traits::Block, traits::Header, traits::Extrinsic
• A set of types that implement these traits, whilst still providing a high degree of configurability via generics.
  • generic::Block, generic::Header, generic::UncheckedExtrinsic and generic::CheckedExtrinsic

Runtime API Types

This crate also contains some types that are often used in conjuncture with Runtime APIs. Most notable:

• ApplyExtrinsicResult, and DispatchOutcome, which dictate how the client and runtime communicate about the success or failure of an extrinsic.
• transaction_validity, which dictates how the client and runtime communicate about the validity of an extrinsic while still in the transaction-queue.

Re-exports

• pub use generic::Digest;
• pub use generic::DigestItem;

Modules

• biguint
  Re-export big_uint stuff. Infinite precision unsigned integer for substrate runtime.
• bounded_btree_map
  Re-export bounded_vec and bounded_btree_map macros only when std is enabled. Traits, types and structs to support a bounded BTreeMap.
• bounded_vec
  Re-export bounded_vec and bounded_btree_map macros only when std is enabled. Traits, types and structs to support putting a bounded vector into storage, as a raw value, map or a double map.
• curve
  Provides some utilities to define a piecewise linear function.
• generic
  Generic implementations of crate::traits::Header, crate::traits::Block and crate::traits::Extrinsic.
• helpers_128bit
  Re-export 128 bit helpers. Some helper functions to work with 128bit numbers. Note that the functionality provided here is only sensible to use with 128bit numbers because for smaller sizes, you can always rely on assumptions of a bigger type (u128) being available, or simply create a per-thing and use the multiplication implementation provided there.
• key_types
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. Known key types; this also functions as a global registry of key types for projects wishing to avoid collisions with each other.
• legacy
  Runtime types that existed in old API versions.
• offchain
  A collection of higher lever helpers for offchain calls.
• runtime_logger
  A logger that can be used to log from the runtime.
• testing
  Testing utilities.
• traits
  Primitives for the runtime modules.
• transaction_validity
  Transaction validity interface.
• type_with_default
  Provides a type that wraps another type and provides a default value.

Macros

• assert_eq_error_rate
  Checks that $x is equal to $y with an error rate of $error.
• assert_eq_error_rate_float
  Same as assert_eq_error_rate, but intended to be used with floating point number, or generally those who do not have over/underflow potentials.
• bounded_btree_map
  Re-export bounded_vec and bounded_btree_map macros only when std is enabled. Build a bounded btree-map from the given literals.
• bounded_vec
  Re-export bounded_vec and bounded_btree_map macros only when std is enabled. Build a bounded vec from the given literals.
• count
  Calls a given macro a number of times with a set of fixed params and an incrementing numeral. e.g.
• create_runtime_str
  Create a const RuntimeString.
• format_runtime_string
  Convenience macro to use the format! interface to get a RuntimeString::Owned
• impl_opaque_keys
  Implement OpaqueKeys for a described struct.
• morph_types
  Create a Morph and/or TryMorph impls with a simple closure-like expression.

Structs

• AccountId32
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. An opaque 32-byte cryptographic identifier.
• AnySignature
  Signature verify that can work with any known signature types..
• BoundedBTreeMap
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. A bounded map based on a B-Tree.
• BoundedBTreeSet
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. A bounded set based on a B-Tree.
• BoundedSlice
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. A bounded slice.
• BoundedVec
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. A bounded vector.
• CryptoTypeId
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. An identifier for a specific cryptographic algorithm used by a key pair
• DispatchErrorWithPostInfo
  Result of a Dispatchable which contains the DispatchResult and additional information about the Dispatchable that is only known post dispatch.
• FixedI64
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A fixed point number representation in the range. Fixed Point 64 bits signed, range = [-9223372036.854775808, 9223372036.854775807]
• FixedI128
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A fixed point number representation in the range. Fixed Point 128 bits signed, range = [-170141183460469231731.687303715884105728, 170141183460469231731.687303715884105727]
• FixedU64
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A fixed point number representation in the range. Fixed Point 64 bits unsigned, range = [0.000000000, 18446744073.709551615]
• FixedU128
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A fixed point number representation in the range. Fixed Point 128 bits unsigned, range = [0.000000000000000000, 340282366920938463463.374607431768211455]
• Justifications
  Collection of justifications for a given block, multiple justifications may be provided by different consensus engines for the same block.
• KeyTypeId
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. An identifier for a type of cryptographic key.
• ModuleError
  Reason why a pallet call failed.
• OpaqueExtrinsic
  Simple blob to hold an extrinsic without committing to its format and ensure it is serialized correctly.
• OpaqueValue
  Simple blob that hold a value in an encoded form without committing to its type.
• PerU16
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A fixed point representation of a number in the range [0, 1].
• Perbill
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A fixed point representation of a number in the range [0, 1].
• Percent
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A fixed point representation of a number in the range [0, 1].
• Permill
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A fixed point representation of a number in the range [0, 1].
• Perquintill
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A fixed point representation of a number in the range [0, 1].
• Rational128
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. A wrapper for any rational number with a 128 bit numerator and denominator.
• Storage
  Struct containing data needed for a storage.
• StorageChild
  Child trie storage data.
• WeakBoundedVec
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. A weakly bounded vector.

Enums

• ArithmeticError
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. Arithmetic errors.
• DispatchError
  Reason why a dispatch call failed.
• Either
  The enum Either with variants Left and Right is a general purpose sum type with two cases.
• ExtrinsicInclusionMode
  Confines the kind of extrinsics that can be included in a block.
• MultiAddress
  A multi-format address wrapper for on-chain accounts.
• MultiSignature
  Signature verify that can work with any known signature types.
• MultiSigner
  Public key for any known crypto algorithm.
• Rounding
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. The rounding method to use for unsigned quantities.
• RuntimeString
  A string that wraps a &'static str in the runtime and String/Vec<u8> on decode.
• StateVersion
  Different possible state version.
• TokenError
  Description of what went wrong when trying to complete an operation on a token.
• TransactionOutcome
  Describes on what should happen with a storage transaction.
• TransactionalError
  Errors related to transactional storage layers.

Constants

• MAX_MODULE_ERROR_ENCODED_SIZE
  The number of bytes of the module-specific error field defined in ModuleError. In FRAME, this is the maximum encoded size of a pallet error type.

Traits

• BoundToRuntimeAppPublic
  Something that is bound to a fixed RuntimeAppPublic.
• BuildModuleGenesisStorageDeprecated
  Something that can build the genesis storage of a module.
• BuildStorage
  Complex storage builder stuff.
• CryptoType
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. Type which has a particular kind of crypto associated with it.
• Deserialize
  A data structure that can be deserialized from any data format supported by Serde.
• DeserializeOwned
  A data structure that can be deserialized without borrowing any data from the deserializer.
• FixedPointNumber
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. Something that implements a decimal fixed point number.
• FixedPointOperand
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. Integer types that can be used to interact with FixedPointNumber implementations.
• PerThing
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. Something that implements a fixed point ration with an arbitrary granularity X, as parts per X.
• RuntimeAppPublic
  Runtime interface for an application’s public key.
• SaturatedConversion
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. Convenience type to work around the highly unergonomic syntax needed to invoke the functions of overloaded generic traits, in this case SaturatedFrom and SaturatedInto.
• Serialize
  A data structure that can be serialized into any data format supported by Serde.
• TypeId
  Re-export this since it’s part of the API of this crate. Provide a simple 4 byte identifier for a type.

Functions

• print
  Print something that implements Printable from the runtime.
• str_array
  Utility function to declare string literals backed by an array of length N.
• verify_encoded_lazy
  Verify a signature on an encoded value in a lazy manner. This can be an optimization if the signature scheme has an “unsigned” escape hash.

Type Aliases

• ApplyExtrinsicResult
  The result of applying of an extrinsic.
• ApplyExtrinsicResultWithInfo
  Same as ApplyExtrinsicResult but augmented with PostDispatchInfo on success.
• ConsensusEngineId
  Consensus engine unique ID.
• DispatchOutcome
  This type specifies the outcome of dispatching a call to a module.
• DispatchResult
  This is the legacy return type of Dispatchable. It is still exposed for compatibility reasons. The new return type is DispatchResultWithInfo. FRAME runtimes should use frame_support::dispatch::DispatchResult.
• DispatchResultWithInfo
  Return type of a Dispatchable which contains the DispatchResult and additional information about the Dispatchable that is only known post dispatch.
• EncodedJustification
  The encoded justification specific to a consensus engine.
• InnerOf
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. Get the inner type of a PerThing.
• Justification
  An abstraction over justification for a block’s validity under a consensus algorithm.
• TryRuntimeError
  The error type used as return type in try runtime hooks.
• UpperOf
  Re-export top-level arithmetic stuff. Get the upper type of a PerThing.

Derive Macros

• Deserialize
• RuntimeDebug
  Re-export RuntimeDebug, to avoid dependency clutter.
• Serialize