Struct Transaction 

pub struct Transaction {
    pub signatures: Vec<SignatureBytes>,
    pub message: Message,
}

A Solana transaction

Fields

signatures: Vec<SignatureBytes>

The signatures

message: Message

The message

Implementations

impl Transaction

pub fn new(message: Message) -> Self

Create a new transaction

pub fn add_signature(&mut self, signature: SignatureBytes)

Add a signature to the transaction

pub fn num_required_signatures(&self) -> u8

Get the number of required signatures

pub fn num_readonly_signed_accounts(&self) -> u8

Get the number of read-only signed accounts

pub fn num_readonly_unsigned_accounts(&self) -> u8

Get the number of read-only unsigned accounts

pub fn account_keys(&self) -> &[Pubkey]

Get the account keys

pub fn recent_blockhash(&self) -> &[u8; 32]

Get the recent blockhash

pub fn instructions(&self) -> &[CompiledInstruction]

Get the instructions

pub fn deserialize_with_version(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Self>

Deserialize a transaction from bytes

pub fn serialize_legacy(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>>

Serializes the full transaction into the Solana legacy wire format.

pub fn sign(&mut self, private_keys: &[&[u8]]) -> Result<()>

Sign the transaction with one or more private keys The private keys must correspond to the signing accounts in the same order

Examples found in repository

examples/basic.rs (line 61)

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    println!("🚀 Solana Primitives - Transaction Signing Example");
    println!("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════");

    // Generate a test private key from base58 string
    // ⚠️  WARNING: This is for demonstration only!
    // In production, use proper key generation and secure storage
    let private_key_base58 = "3KSeAx7jkVrjJ2PXjhzVMnJfV3zsyT4ADWtpnHxks5eD";
    let private_key = bs58::decode(private_key_base58).into_vec()?;

    // Generate corresponding public key
    let fee_payer_pubkey_bytes = get_public_key(&private_key)?;
    let fee_payer = Pubkey::new(fee_payer_pubkey_bytes);

    let recipient = Pubkey::from_base58("4fYNw3dojWmQ4dXtSGE9epjRGy9uFrCRgbvGgQBNZCQF")?;

    // Use a dummy blockhash for this example (in production, get from RPC)
    let recent_blockhash = [1u8; 32]; // Use non-zero for visual distinction

    println!("\n📝 Building Transaction:");
    println!("   - Fee payer: {}", fee_payer.to_base58());
    println!("   - Recipient: {}", recipient.to_base58());

    // Create a simple SOL transfer instruction
    let transfer_instruction = transfer(&fee_payer, &recipient, 1_000_000); // 0.001 SOL

    // Build transaction
    let mut tx_builder = TransactionBuilder::new(fee_payer, recent_blockhash);
    tx_builder.add_instruction(transfer_instruction);

    let mut transaction = tx_builder.build()?;

    println!("✅ Unsigned transaction created:");
    println!(
        "   - Instructions: {}",
        transaction.message.instructions.len()
    );
    println!(
        "   - Account keys: {}",
        transaction.message.account_keys.len()
    );
    println!(
        "   - Required signatures: {}",
        transaction.message.header.num_required_signatures
    );
    println!("   - Is signed: {}", transaction.is_signed());

    // Validate transaction size
    transaction.validate_size()?;
    println!("✅ Transaction size validation passed");

    println!("\n🔐 Signing Transaction:");

    // Method 1: Sign the entire transaction at once
    let private_keys = [private_key.as_ref()]; // References to private keys
    transaction.sign(&private_keys)?;

    println!("✅ Transaction signed successfully!");
    println!("   - Is signed: {}", transaction.is_signed());
    println!("   - Signature count: {}", transaction.signatures.len());

    // Display the signature (first 16 bytes for brevity)
    if let Some(first_signature) = transaction.signatures.first() {
        let sig_bytes = first_signature.as_bytes();
        println!("   - First signature: {}...", hex::encode(&sig_bytes[..16]));
    }

    println!("\n📦 Final Transaction:");
    // Serialize the complete signed transaction
    let transaction_bytes = borsh::to_vec(&transaction)?;
    println!("   - Serialized size: {} bytes", transaction_bytes.len());
    println!(
        "   - Base64 encoded: {}",
        base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD.encode(&transaction_bytes)
    );

    // Demonstrate partial signing (useful for multi-sig scenarios)
    println!("\n🔄 Demonstrating Partial Signing:");

    // Create a new transaction builder for partial signing demo
    let mut partial_tx_builder = TransactionBuilder::new(fee_payer, recent_blockhash);
    partial_tx_builder.add_instruction(transfer(&fee_payer, &recipient, 1_000_000));
    let mut partial_tx = partial_tx_builder.build()?;
    println!(
        "   - Before partial sign - Is signed: {}",
        partial_tx.is_signed()
    );

    // Partial sign with specific keys and their corresponding public keys
    let private_keys_for_partial = [private_key.as_ref()];
    let public_keys_for_partial = [fee_payer];
    partial_tx.partial_sign(&private_keys_for_partial, &public_keys_for_partial)?;

    println!("✅ Partial signing completed!");
    println!(
        "   - After partial sign - Is signed: {}",
        partial_tx.is_signed()
    );

    println!("\n🎯 Summary:");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction built using InstructionBuilder");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction validated for size limits");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction signed with private key");
    println!("   ✓ Partial signing demonstrated");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction serialized for network submission");

    println!("\n📡 Next Steps:");
    println!("   - Submit transaction_bytes to Solana RPC endpoint");
    println!("   - Monitor transaction status on-chain");
    println!("   - Handle success/failure responses");

    Ok(())
}

pub fn partial_sign( &mut self, private_keys: &[&[u8]], public_keys: &[Pubkey], ) -> Result<()>

Partially sign the transaction with specific private keys Updates only the signatures for the provided keys based on their public key positions

Examples found in repository

examples/basic.rs (line 97)

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    println!("🚀 Solana Primitives - Transaction Signing Example");
    println!("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════");

    // Generate a test private key from base58 string
    // ⚠️  WARNING: This is for demonstration only!
    // In production, use proper key generation and secure storage
    let private_key_base58 = "3KSeAx7jkVrjJ2PXjhzVMnJfV3zsyT4ADWtpnHxks5eD";
    let private_key = bs58::decode(private_key_base58).into_vec()?;

    // Generate corresponding public key
    let fee_payer_pubkey_bytes = get_public_key(&private_key)?;
    let fee_payer = Pubkey::new(fee_payer_pubkey_bytes);

    let recipient = Pubkey::from_base58("4fYNw3dojWmQ4dXtSGE9epjRGy9uFrCRgbvGgQBNZCQF")?;

    // Use a dummy blockhash for this example (in production, get from RPC)
    let recent_blockhash = [1u8; 32]; // Use non-zero for visual distinction

    println!("\n📝 Building Transaction:");
    println!("   - Fee payer: {}", fee_payer.to_base58());
    println!("   - Recipient: {}", recipient.to_base58());

    // Create a simple SOL transfer instruction
    let transfer_instruction = transfer(&fee_payer, &recipient, 1_000_000); // 0.001 SOL

    // Build transaction
    let mut tx_builder = TransactionBuilder::new(fee_payer, recent_blockhash);
    tx_builder.add_instruction(transfer_instruction);

    let mut transaction = tx_builder.build()?;

    println!("✅ Unsigned transaction created:");
    println!(
        "   - Instructions: {}",
        transaction.message.instructions.len()
    );
    println!(
        "   - Account keys: {}",
        transaction.message.account_keys.len()
    );
    println!(
        "   - Required signatures: {}",
        transaction.message.header.num_required_signatures
    );
    println!("   - Is signed: {}", transaction.is_signed());

    // Validate transaction size
    transaction.validate_size()?;
    println!("✅ Transaction size validation passed");

    println!("\n🔐 Signing Transaction:");

    // Method 1: Sign the entire transaction at once
    let private_keys = [private_key.as_ref()]; // References to private keys
    transaction.sign(&private_keys)?;

    println!("✅ Transaction signed successfully!");
    println!("   - Is signed: {}", transaction.is_signed());
    println!("   - Signature count: {}", transaction.signatures.len());

    // Display the signature (first 16 bytes for brevity)
    if let Some(first_signature) = transaction.signatures.first() {
        let sig_bytes = first_signature.as_bytes();
        println!("   - First signature: {}...", hex::encode(&sig_bytes[..16]));
    }

    println!("\n📦 Final Transaction:");
    // Serialize the complete signed transaction
    let transaction_bytes = borsh::to_vec(&transaction)?;
    println!("   - Serialized size: {} bytes", transaction_bytes.len());
    println!(
        "   - Base64 encoded: {}",
        base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD.encode(&transaction_bytes)
    );

    // Demonstrate partial signing (useful for multi-sig scenarios)
    println!("\n🔄 Demonstrating Partial Signing:");

    // Create a new transaction builder for partial signing demo
    let mut partial_tx_builder = TransactionBuilder::new(fee_payer, recent_blockhash);
    partial_tx_builder.add_instruction(transfer(&fee_payer, &recipient, 1_000_000));
    let mut partial_tx = partial_tx_builder.build()?;
    println!(
        "   - Before partial sign - Is signed: {}",
        partial_tx.is_signed()
    );

    // Partial sign with specific keys and their corresponding public keys
    let private_keys_for_partial = [private_key.as_ref()];
    let public_keys_for_partial = [fee_payer];
    partial_tx.partial_sign(&private_keys_for_partial, &public_keys_for_partial)?;

    println!("✅ Partial signing completed!");
    println!(
        "   - After partial sign - Is signed: {}",
        partial_tx.is_signed()
    );

    println!("\n🎯 Summary:");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction built using InstructionBuilder");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction validated for size limits");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction signed with private key");
    println!("   ✓ Partial signing demonstrated");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction serialized for network submission");

    println!("\n📡 Next Steps:");
    println!("   - Submit transaction_bytes to Solana RPC endpoint");
    println!("   - Monitor transaction status on-chain");
    println!("   - Handle success/failure responses");

    Ok(())
}

pub fn is_signed(&self) -> bool

Check if the transaction has been signed by all required signers

Examples found in repository

examples/basic.rs (line 51)

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    println!("🚀 Solana Primitives - Transaction Signing Example");
    println!("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════");

    // Generate a test private key from base58 string
    // ⚠️  WARNING: This is for demonstration only!
    // In production, use proper key generation and secure storage
    let private_key_base58 = "3KSeAx7jkVrjJ2PXjhzVMnJfV3zsyT4ADWtpnHxks5eD";
    let private_key = bs58::decode(private_key_base58).into_vec()?;

    // Generate corresponding public key
    let fee_payer_pubkey_bytes = get_public_key(&private_key)?;
    let fee_payer = Pubkey::new(fee_payer_pubkey_bytes);

    let recipient = Pubkey::from_base58("4fYNw3dojWmQ4dXtSGE9epjRGy9uFrCRgbvGgQBNZCQF")?;

    // Use a dummy blockhash for this example (in production, get from RPC)
    let recent_blockhash = [1u8; 32]; // Use non-zero for visual distinction

    println!("\n📝 Building Transaction:");
    println!("   - Fee payer: {}", fee_payer.to_base58());
    println!("   - Recipient: {}", recipient.to_base58());

    // Create a simple SOL transfer instruction
    let transfer_instruction = transfer(&fee_payer, &recipient, 1_000_000); // 0.001 SOL

    // Build transaction
    let mut tx_builder = TransactionBuilder::new(fee_payer, recent_blockhash);
    tx_builder.add_instruction(transfer_instruction);

    let mut transaction = tx_builder.build()?;

    println!("✅ Unsigned transaction created:");
    println!(
        "   - Instructions: {}",
        transaction.message.instructions.len()
    );
    println!(
        "   - Account keys: {}",
        transaction.message.account_keys.len()
    );
    println!(
        "   - Required signatures: {}",
        transaction.message.header.num_required_signatures
    );
    println!("   - Is signed: {}", transaction.is_signed());

    // Validate transaction size
    transaction.validate_size()?;
    println!("✅ Transaction size validation passed");

    println!("\n🔐 Signing Transaction:");

    // Method 1: Sign the entire transaction at once
    let private_keys = [private_key.as_ref()]; // References to private keys
    transaction.sign(&private_keys)?;

    println!("✅ Transaction signed successfully!");
    println!("   - Is signed: {}", transaction.is_signed());
    println!("   - Signature count: {}", transaction.signatures.len());

    // Display the signature (first 16 bytes for brevity)
    if let Some(first_signature) = transaction.signatures.first() {
        let sig_bytes = first_signature.as_bytes();
        println!("   - First signature: {}...", hex::encode(&sig_bytes[..16]));
    }

    println!("\n📦 Final Transaction:");
    // Serialize the complete signed transaction
    let transaction_bytes = borsh::to_vec(&transaction)?;
    println!("   - Serialized size: {} bytes", transaction_bytes.len());
    println!(
        "   - Base64 encoded: {}",
        base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD.encode(&transaction_bytes)
    );

    // Demonstrate partial signing (useful for multi-sig scenarios)
    println!("\n🔄 Demonstrating Partial Signing:");

    // Create a new transaction builder for partial signing demo
    let mut partial_tx_builder = TransactionBuilder::new(fee_payer, recent_blockhash);
    partial_tx_builder.add_instruction(transfer(&fee_payer, &recipient, 1_000_000));
    let mut partial_tx = partial_tx_builder.build()?;
    println!(
        "   - Before partial sign - Is signed: {}",
        partial_tx.is_signed()
    );

    // Partial sign with specific keys and their corresponding public keys
    let private_keys_for_partial = [private_key.as_ref()];
    let public_keys_for_partial = [fee_payer];
    partial_tx.partial_sign(&private_keys_for_partial, &public_keys_for_partial)?;

    println!("✅ Partial signing completed!");
    println!(
        "   - After partial sign - Is signed: {}",
        partial_tx.is_signed()
    );

    println!("\n🎯 Summary:");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction built using InstructionBuilder");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction validated for size limits");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction signed with private key");
    println!("   ✓ Partial signing demonstrated");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction serialized for network submission");

    println!("\n📡 Next Steps:");
    println!("   - Submit transaction_bytes to Solana RPC endpoint");
    println!("   - Monitor transaction status on-chain");
    println!("   - Handle success/failure responses");

    Ok(())
}

pub fn validate_size(&self) -> Result<()>

Validate transaction size is within limits (1232 bytes)

Examples found in repository

examples/basic.rs (line 54)

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    println!("🚀 Solana Primitives - Transaction Signing Example");
    println!("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════");

    // Generate a test private key from base58 string
    // ⚠️  WARNING: This is for demonstration only!
    // In production, use proper key generation and secure storage
    let private_key_base58 = "3KSeAx7jkVrjJ2PXjhzVMnJfV3zsyT4ADWtpnHxks5eD";
    let private_key = bs58::decode(private_key_base58).into_vec()?;

    // Generate corresponding public key
    let fee_payer_pubkey_bytes = get_public_key(&private_key)?;
    let fee_payer = Pubkey::new(fee_payer_pubkey_bytes);

    let recipient = Pubkey::from_base58("4fYNw3dojWmQ4dXtSGE9epjRGy9uFrCRgbvGgQBNZCQF")?;

    // Use a dummy blockhash for this example (in production, get from RPC)
    let recent_blockhash = [1u8; 32]; // Use non-zero for visual distinction

    println!("\n📝 Building Transaction:");
    println!("   - Fee payer: {}", fee_payer.to_base58());
    println!("   - Recipient: {}", recipient.to_base58());

    // Create a simple SOL transfer instruction
    let transfer_instruction = transfer(&fee_payer, &recipient, 1_000_000); // 0.001 SOL

    // Build transaction
    let mut tx_builder = TransactionBuilder::new(fee_payer, recent_blockhash);
    tx_builder.add_instruction(transfer_instruction);

    let mut transaction = tx_builder.build()?;

    println!("✅ Unsigned transaction created:");
    println!(
        "   - Instructions: {}",
        transaction.message.instructions.len()
    );
    println!(
        "   - Account keys: {}",
        transaction.message.account_keys.len()
    );
    println!(
        "   - Required signatures: {}",
        transaction.message.header.num_required_signatures
    );
    println!("   - Is signed: {}", transaction.is_signed());

    // Validate transaction size
    transaction.validate_size()?;
    println!("✅ Transaction size validation passed");

    println!("\n🔐 Signing Transaction:");

    // Method 1: Sign the entire transaction at once
    let private_keys = [private_key.as_ref()]; // References to private keys
    transaction.sign(&private_keys)?;

    println!("✅ Transaction signed successfully!");
    println!("   - Is signed: {}", transaction.is_signed());
    println!("   - Signature count: {}", transaction.signatures.len());

    // Display the signature (first 16 bytes for brevity)
    if let Some(first_signature) = transaction.signatures.first() {
        let sig_bytes = first_signature.as_bytes();
        println!("   - First signature: {}...", hex::encode(&sig_bytes[..16]));
    }

    println!("\n📦 Final Transaction:");
    // Serialize the complete signed transaction
    let transaction_bytes = borsh::to_vec(&transaction)?;
    println!("   - Serialized size: {} bytes", transaction_bytes.len());
    println!(
        "   - Base64 encoded: {}",
        base64::prelude::BASE64_STANDARD.encode(&transaction_bytes)
    );

    // Demonstrate partial signing (useful for multi-sig scenarios)
    println!("\n🔄 Demonstrating Partial Signing:");

    // Create a new transaction builder for partial signing demo
    let mut partial_tx_builder = TransactionBuilder::new(fee_payer, recent_blockhash);
    partial_tx_builder.add_instruction(transfer(&fee_payer, &recipient, 1_000_000));
    let mut partial_tx = partial_tx_builder.build()?;
    println!(
        "   - Before partial sign - Is signed: {}",
        partial_tx.is_signed()
    );

    // Partial sign with specific keys and their corresponding public keys
    let private_keys_for_partial = [private_key.as_ref()];
    let public_keys_for_partial = [fee_payer];
    partial_tx.partial_sign(&private_keys_for_partial, &public_keys_for_partial)?;

    println!("✅ Partial signing completed!");
    println!(
        "   - After partial sign - Is signed: {}",
        partial_tx.is_signed()
    );

    println!("\n🎯 Summary:");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction built using InstructionBuilder");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction validated for size limits");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction signed with private key");
    println!("   ✓ Partial signing demonstrated");
    println!("   ✓ Transaction serialized for network submission");

    println!("\n📡 Next Steps:");
    println!("   - Submit transaction_bytes to Solana RPC endpoint");
    println!("   - Monitor transaction status on-chain");
    println!("   - Handle success/failure responses");

    Ok(())
}

Trait Implementations

impl BorshDeserialize for Transaction

fn deserialize_reader<__R: Read>(reader: &mut __R) -> Result<Self, Error>

fn deserialize(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error>

Deserializes this instance from a given slice of bytes. Updates the buffer to point at the remaining bytes.

fn try_from_slice(v: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error>

Deserialize this instance from a slice of bytes.

fn try_from_reader<R>(reader: &mut R) -> Result<Self, Error>

where R: Read,

impl BorshSerialize for Transaction

fn serialize<__W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut __W) -> Result<(), Error>

impl Clone for Transaction

fn clone(&self) -> Transaction

Returns a duplicate of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Transaction

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Transaction

fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> Result<Self, __D::Error>

where __D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl Serialize for Transaction

fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>

where __S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.