Struct shell_quote::Sh

pub struct Sh;

Quote byte strings for use with /bin/sh.

Notes

The following escapes seem to be “okay”:

\a     alert (bell)
\b     backspace
\f     form feed
\n     new line
\r     carriage return
\t     horizontal tab
\v     vertical tab
\\     backslash
\nnn   the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value nnn

I wasn’t able to find any definitive statement of exactly how Bourne Shell strings should be quoted, mainly because “Bourne Shell” or /bin/sh can refer to many different pieces of software: Bash has a Bourne Shell mode, /bin/sh on Ubuntu is actually Dash, and on macOS 12.3 (and later, and possibly earlier) all bets are off:

sh is a POSIX-compliant command interpreter (shell). It is implemented by re-execing as either bash(1), dash(1), or zsh(1) as determined by the symbolic link located at /private/var/select/sh. If /private/var/select/sh does not exist or does not point to a valid shell, sh will use one of the supported shells.

⚠️ In practice, however, bytes between 0x80 and 0xff inclusive cannot be escaped with \nnn notation. The shell simply ignores these escapes and treats \nnn as a literal string of 4 characters. Hence, in this module, these bytes are reproduced as-is within the quoted string output, with no special escaping.

The code in this module sticks to escape sequences that I consider “standard” by a heuristic known only to me. It operates byte by byte, making no special allowances for multi-byte character sets. In other words, it’s up to the caller to figure out encoding for non-ASCII characters. A significant use case for this code is to quote filenames into scripts, and on *nix variants I understand that filenames are essentially arrays of bytes, even if the OS adds some normalisation and case-insensitivity on top.

If you have some expertise in this area I would love to hear from you.

Implementations

impl Sh

pub fn quote<'a, S: ?Sized + Into<Quotable<'a>>>(s: S) -> Vec<u8>

Quote a string of bytes into a new Vec<u8>.

This will return one of the following:

• The string as-is, if no quoting is necessary.
• A quoted string containing ANSI-C-like escapes, like 'foo\nbar'.

See quote_into for a variant that extends an existing Vec instead of allocating a new one.

Examples

assert_eq!(Sh::quote("foobar"), b"foobar");
assert_eq!(Sh::quote("foo bar"), b"'foo bar'");

pub fn quote_into<'a, S: ?Sized + Into<Quotable<'a>>>(s: S, sout: &mut Vec<u8>)

Quote a string of bytes into an existing Vec<u8>.

See quote for more details.

Examples

let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(128);
Sh::quote_into("foobar", &mut buf);
buf.push(b' ');  // Add a space.
Sh::quote_into("foo bar", &mut buf);
assert_eq!(buf, b"foobar 'foo bar'");

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Sh

fn clone(&self) -> Sh

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Sh

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Copy for Sh

impl Quoter for Sh