pub trait Display {
// Required method
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>;
}
Expand description
Format trait for an empty format, {}
.
Implementing this trait for a type will automatically implement the
ToString
trait for the type, allowing the usage
of the .to_string()
method. Prefer implementing
the Display
trait for a type, rather than ToString
.
Display
is similar to Debug
, but Display
is for user-facing
output, and so cannot be derived.
For more information on formatters, see the module-level documentation.
§Completeness and parseability
Display
for a type might not necessarily be a lossless or complete representation of the type.
It may omit internal state, precision, or other information the type does not consider important
for user-facing output, as determined by the type. As such, the output of Display
might not be
possible to parse, and even if it is, the result of parsing might not exactly match the original
value.
However, if a type has a lossless Display
implementation whose output is meant to be
conveniently machine-parseable and not just meant for human consumption, then the type may wish
to accept the same format in FromStr
, and document that usage. Having both Display
and
FromStr
implementations where the result of Display
cannot be parsed with FromStr
may
surprise users.
§Internationalization
Because a type can only have one Display
implementation, it is often preferable
to only implement Display
when there is a single most “obvious” way that
values can be formatted as text. This could mean formatting according to the
“invariant” culture and “undefined” locale, or it could mean that the type
display is designed for a specific culture/locale, such as developer logs.
If not all values have a justifiably canonical textual format or if you want
to support alternative formats not covered by the standard set of possible
formatting traits, the most flexible approach is display adapters: methods
like str::escape_default
or Path::display
which create a wrapper
implementing Display
to output the specific display format.
§Examples
Implementing Display
on a type:
use std::fmt;
struct Point {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
impl fmt::Display for Point {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
}
}
let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };
assert_eq!(format!("The origin is: {origin}"), "The origin is: (0, 0)");
Required Methods§
1.0.0 · Sourcefn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
Formats the value using the given formatter.
§Errors
This function should return Err
if, and only if, the provided Formatter
returns Err
.
String formatting is considered an infallible operation; this function only
returns a Result
because writing to the underlying stream might fail and it must
provide a way to propagate the fact that an error has occurred back up the stack.
§Examples
use std::fmt;
struct Position {
longitude: f32,
latitude: f32,
}
impl fmt::Display for Position {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "({}, {})", self.longitude, self.latitude)
}
}
assert_eq!(
"(1.987, 2.983)",
format!("{}", Position { longitude: 1.987, latitude: 2.983, }),
);
Implementors§
impl Display for AbortReason
impl Display for AddressBech32DecodeError
impl Display for AddressBech32EncodeError
impl Display for DateTimeError
impl Display for InvokeError<WasmRuntimeError>
impl Display for Level
impl Display for NonFungibleLocalId
impl Display for ParseBlsPublicKeyError
impl Display for ParseBlsSignatureError
impl Display for ParseComponentAddressError
impl Display for ParseDecimalError
impl Display for ParseEd25519PublicKeyError
impl Display for ParseEd25519SignatureError
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::ParseError
impl Display for ParseGlobalAddressError
impl Display for ParseHashError
impl Display for ParseI192Error
impl Display for ParseI256Error
impl Display for ParseI320Error
impl Display for ParseI384Error
impl Display for ParseI448Error
impl Display for ParseI512Error
impl Display for ParseI768Error
impl Display for ParseInternalAddressError
impl Display for ParseManifestAddressReservationError
impl Display for ParseManifestBlobRefError
impl Display for ParseManifestBucketError
impl Display for ParseManifestDecimalError
impl Display for ParseManifestExpressionError
impl Display for ParseManifestPreciseDecimalError
impl Display for ParseManifestProofError
impl Display for ParseNonFungibleGlobalIdError
impl Display for ParseNonFungibleLocalIdError
impl Display for ParseOwnError
impl Display for ParsePackageAddressError
impl Display for ParsePreciseDecimalError
impl Display for ParseReferenceError
impl Display for ParseResourceAddressError
impl Display for ParseSecp256k1PublicKeyError
impl Display for ParseSecp256k1SignatureError
impl Display for ParseU192Error
impl Display for ParseU256Error
impl Display for ParseU320Error
impl Display for ParseU384Error
impl Display for ParseU448Error
impl Display for ParseU512Error
impl Display for ParseU768Error
impl Display for ParseUtcDateTimeError
impl Display for TransactionHashBech32EncodeError
impl Display for WasmRuntimeError
impl Display for AsciiChar
impl Display for FromBytesWithNulError
impl Display for IpAddr
impl Display for SocketAddr
impl Display for proc_macro::TokenTree
Prints the token tree as a string that is supposed to be losslessly convertible back
into the same token tree (modulo spans), except for possibly TokenTree::Group
s
with Delimiter::None
delimiters and negative numeric literals.
Note: the exact form of the output is subject to change, e.g. there might
be changes in the whitespace used between tokens. Therefore, you should
not do any kind of simple substring matching on the output string (as
produced by to_string
) to implement a proc macro, because that matching
might stop working if such changes happen. Instead, you should work at the
TokenTree
level, e.g. matching against TokenTree::Ident
,
TokenTree::Punct
, or TokenTree::Literal
.
impl Display for VarError
impl Display for std::fs::TryLockError
impl Display for std::io::error::ErrorKind
impl Display for bech32::Error
impl Display for Resolver
impl Display for cargo_toml::error::Error
impl Display for crossbeam_channel::err::RecvTimeoutError
impl Display for crossbeam_channel::err::TryRecvError
impl Display for FromHexError
impl Display for leb128::read::Error
impl Display for PredicateError
impl Display for proc_macro2::TokenTree
Prints the token tree as a string that is supposed to be losslessly
convertible back into the same token tree (modulo spans), except for
possibly TokenTree::Group
s with Delimiter::None
delimiters and negative
numeric literals.
impl Display for radix_transactions::manifest::ast::ValueKind
impl Display for TokenType
impl Display for Token
impl Display for ModuleInfoError
impl Display for Ast
Print a display representation of this Ast.
This does not preserve any of the original whitespace formatting that may have originally been present in the concrete syntax from which this Ast was generated.
This implementation uses constant stack space and heap space proportional
to the size of the Ast
.
impl Display for regex_syntax::ast::ErrorKind
impl Display for regex_syntax::error::Error
impl Display for regex_syntax::hir::ErrorKind
impl Display for regex::error::Error
impl Display for secp256k1::Error
impl Display for serde_json::value::Value
impl Display for CollectionAllocErr
impl Display for toml::value::Value
impl Display for Offset
impl Display for Item
impl Display for toml_edit::ser::Error
impl Display for toml_edit::value::Value
impl Display for Variant
impl Display for wabt::script::Error
impl Display for wasm_opt::integration::Error
impl Display for OptimizationError
impl Display for EnforcedLimitsError
impl Display for wasmi::error::ErrorKind
impl Display for FuncError
impl Display for GlobalError
impl Display for LinkerError
impl Display for MemoryError
impl Display for InstantiationError
impl Display for ReadError
impl Display for FuelError
impl Display for TableError
impl Display for TrapCode
impl Display for UntypedError
impl Display for wasmi_ir::error::Error
impl Display for PrimitiveValType
impl Display for ValType
impl Display for winnow::error::ErrorKind
The Display implementation allows the std::error::Error
implementation
impl Display for StrContext
impl Display for StrContextValue
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::indexmap::GetDisjointMutError
impl Display for Infallible
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::slice::GetDisjointMutError
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::sync::mpmc::RecvTimeoutError
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::sync::mpmc::TryRecvError
impl Display for bool
impl Display for char
impl Display for f16
impl Display for f32
impl Display for f64
impl Display for i8
impl Display for i16
impl Display for i32
impl Display for i64
impl Display for i128
impl Display for isize
impl Display for !
impl Display for str
impl Display for u8
impl Display for u16
impl Display for u32
impl Display for u64
impl Display for u128
impl Display for usize
impl Display for UnorderedKeyError
impl Display for Arguments<'_>
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::fmt::Error
impl Display for ByteString
impl Display for alloc::collections::TryReserveError
impl Display for FromVecWithNulError
impl Display for IntoStringError
impl Display for NulError
impl Display for TryFromSliceError
impl Display for core::ascii::EscapeDefault
impl Display for ByteStr
impl Display for CharTryFromError
impl Display for ParseCharError
impl Display for DecodeUtf16Error
impl Display for core::char::EscapeDebug
impl Display for core::char::EscapeDefault
impl Display for core::char::EscapeUnicode
impl Display for ToLowercase
impl Display for ToUppercase
impl Display for TryFromCharError
impl Display for FromBytesUntilNulError
impl Display for Ipv4Addr
impl Display for Ipv6Addr
Writes an Ipv6Addr, conforming to the canonical style described by RFC 5952.
impl Display for AddrParseError
impl Display for SocketAddrV4
impl Display for SocketAddrV6
impl Display for Location<'_>
impl Display for PanicInfo<'_>
impl Display for PanicMessage<'_>
impl Display for TryFromFloatSecsError
impl Display for ExpandError
impl Display for proc_macro::Group
Prints the group as a string that should be losslessly convertible back
into the same group (modulo spans), except for possibly TokenTree::Group
s
with Delimiter::None
delimiters.
impl Display for proc_macro::Ident
Prints the identifier as a string that should be losslessly convertible back into the same identifier.
impl Display for proc_macro::LexError
impl Display for proc_macro::Literal
Prints the literal as a string that should be losslessly convertible back into the same literal (except for possible rounding for floating point literals).
impl Display for proc_macro::Punct
Prints the punctuation character as a string that should be losslessly convertible back into the same character.
impl Display for proc_macro::TokenStream
Prints the token stream as a string that is supposed to be losslessly convertible back
into the same token stream (modulo spans), except for possibly TokenTree::Group
s
with Delimiter::None
delimiters and negative numeric literals.
Note: the exact form of the output is subject to change, e.g. there might
be changes in the whitespace used between tokens. Therefore, you should
not do any kind of simple substring matching on the output string (as
produced by to_string
) to implement a proc macro, because that matching
might stop working if such changes happen. Instead, you should work at the
TokenTree
level, e.g. matching against TokenTree::Ident
,
TokenTree::Punct
, or TokenTree::Literal
.
impl Display for Backtrace
impl Display for JoinPathsError
impl Display for std::ffi::os_str::Display<'_>
impl Display for WriterPanicked
impl Display for std::io::error::Error
impl Display for PanicHookInfo<'_>
impl Display for std::path::Display<'_>
impl Display for NormalizeError
impl Display for StripPrefixError
impl Display for ExitStatus
impl Display for ExitStatusError
impl Display for AccessError
impl Display for SystemTimeError
impl Display for Reset
impl Display for Style
impl Display for anyhow::Error
impl Display for bitflags::parser::ParseError
impl Display for block_buffer::Error
impl Display for bnum::errors::parseint::ParseIntError
impl Display for bnum::errors::tryfrom::TryFromIntError
impl Display for ColoredString
impl Display for Digest
impl Display for crossbeam_channel::err::RecvError
impl Display for SelectTimeoutError
impl Display for TrySelectError
impl Display for InvalidLength
impl Display for Exception
impl Display for CxxString
impl Display for MacError
impl Display for InvalidBufferSize
impl Display for InvalidOutputSize
impl Display for ed25519::Signature
impl Display for OsStr
impl Display for OsString
impl Display for getrandom::error::Error
impl Display for BigInt
impl Display for BigUint
impl Display for ParseBigIntError
impl Display for num_traits::ParseFloatError
impl Display for proc_macro2::Group
Prints the group as a string that should be losslessly convertible back
into the same group (modulo spans), except for possibly TokenTree::Group
s
with Delimiter::None
delimiters.
impl Display for proc_macro2::Ident
Prints the identifier as a string that should be losslessly convertible back into the same identifier.
impl Display for proc_macro2::LexError
impl Display for proc_macro2::Literal
impl Display for proc_macro2::Punct
Prints the punctuation character as a string that should be losslessly convertible back into the same character.
impl Display for proc_macro2::TokenStream
Prints the token stream as a string that is supposed to be losslessly
convertible back into the same token stream (modulo spans), except for
possibly TokenTree::Group
s with Delimiter::None
delimiters and negative
numeric literals.
impl Display for NibblePath
impl Display for TreeNodeKey
impl Display for regex_automata::meta::error::BuildError
impl Display for regex_automata::nfa::thompson::error::BuildError
impl Display for GroupInfoError
impl Display for UnicodeWordBoundaryError
impl Display for PatternIDError
impl Display for SmallIndexError
impl Display for StateIDError
impl Display for MatchError
impl Display for PatternSetInsertError
impl Display for DeserializeError
impl Display for SerializeError
impl Display for regex_syntax::ast::Error
impl Display for regex_syntax::hir::Error
impl Display for Hir
Print a display representation of this Hir.
The result of this is a valid regular expression pattern string.
This implementation uses constant stack space and heap space proportional
to the size of the Hir
.
impl Display for CaseFoldError
impl Display for UnicodeWordError
impl Display for regex::regex::bytes::Regex
impl Display for regex::regex::string::Regex
impl Display for Errno
impl Display for ParseProfileError
impl Display for SerializedSignature
impl Display for secp256k1::ecdsa::Signature
impl Display for ElligatorSwift
impl Display for InvalidParityValue
impl Display for PublicKey
impl Display for XOnlyPublicKey
impl Display for OutOfRangeError
impl Display for secp256k1::schnorr::Signature
impl Display for Message
impl Display for semver::parse::Error
impl Display for BuildMetadata
impl Display for Comparator
impl Display for Prerelease
impl Display for Version
impl Display for VersionReq
impl Display for serde::de::value::Error
impl Display for serde_json::error::Error
impl Display for Number
impl Display for signature::error::Error
impl Display for syn::error::Error
impl Display for Lifetime
impl Display for LitFloat
impl Display for LitInt
impl Display for PathPersistError
impl Display for toml::de::Error
impl Display for Map<String, Value>
impl Display for toml::ser::Error
impl Display for Date
impl Display for Datetime
impl Display for DatetimeParseError
impl Display for Time
impl Display for Array
impl Display for ArrayOfTables
impl Display for toml_edit::de::Error
impl Display for Document
impl Display for InlineTable
impl Display for InternalString
impl Display for Key
impl Display for TomlError
Displays a TOML parse error
§Example
TOML parse error at line 1, column 10
|
1 | 00:32:00.a999999
| ^
Unexpected a
Expected digit
While parsing a Time
While parsing a Date-Time
impl Display for Table
impl Display for uuid::error::Error
impl Display for Braced
impl Display for Hyphenated
impl Display for Simple
impl Display for Urn
impl Display for NonNilUuid
impl Display for Uuid
impl Display for wabt::Error
impl Display for walkdir::error::Error
impl Display for wasmi::error::Error
impl Display for F32
impl Display for F64
impl Display for Trap
impl Display for wasmparser_nostd::binary_reader::BinaryReaderError
impl Display for wasmparser_nostd::validator::types::KebabStr
impl Display for wasmparser_nostd::validator::types::KebabString
impl Display for wasmparser::binary_reader::BinaryReaderError
impl Display for RefType
impl Display for KebabName
impl Display for wasmparser::validator::names::KebabStr
impl Display for wasmparser::validator::names::KebabString
impl Display for ContextError
impl Display for BStr
impl Display for Bytes
impl Display for Range
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::indexmap::TryReserveError
impl Display for AllocError
impl Display for LayoutError
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::num::ParseFloatError
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::num::ParseIntError
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::num::TryFromIntError
impl Display for ParseBoolError
impl Display for Utf8Error
impl Display for FromUtf8Error
impl Display for FromUtf16Error
impl Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::sync::mpmc::RecvError
impl Display for WouldBlock
impl Display for Bls12381G1PublicKey
impl Display for Bls12381G2Signature
impl Display for BorrowError
impl Display for BorrowMutError
impl Display for Decimal
impl Display for Ed25519PublicKey
impl Display for Ed25519Signature
impl Display for Hash
impl Display for I192
impl Display for I256
impl Display for I320
impl Display for I384
impl Display for I448
impl Display for I512
impl Display for I768
impl Display for PreciseDecimal
impl Display for Secp256k1PublicKey
impl Display for Secp256k1Signature
impl Display for String
impl Display for U192
impl Display for U256
impl Display for U320
impl Display for U384
impl Display for U448
impl Display for U512
impl Display for U768
impl Display for UtcDateTime
impl Display for dyn Expected + '_
impl<'a> Display for Unexpected<'a>
impl<'a> Display for DisplayableManifestValueKind<'a>
impl<'a> Display for ParseBuffer<'a>
impl<'a> Display for EscapeAscii<'a>
impl<'a> Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::str::EscapeDebug<'a>
impl<'a> Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::str::EscapeDefault<'a>
impl<'a> Display for scrypto_test::prelude::rust::str::EscapeUnicode<'a>
impl<'a, 'b, TValue, TContext> Display for ContextDisplayable<'a, TValue, TContext>where
TValue: ContextualDisplay<TContext> + ?Sized,
impl<'a, I> Display for Format<'a, I>
impl<'a, I, F> Display for FormatWith<'a, I, F>
impl<'a, K, V> Display for scrypto_test::prelude::hash_map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V>
impl<'a, K, V, A> Display for scrypto_test::prelude::btree_map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V, A>
impl<'a, K, V, S, A> Display for hashbrown::map::OccupiedError<'a, K, V, S, A>
impl<'a, R, G, T> Display for MappedReentrantMutexGuard<'a, R, G, T>
impl<'a, R, G, T> Display for ReentrantMutexGuard<'a, R, G, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for lock_api::mutex::MappedMutexGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for lock_api::mutex::MutexGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for lock_api::rwlock::MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for lock_api::rwlock::MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for lock_api::rwlock::RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, R, T> Display for lock_api::rwlock::RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>
impl<'a, T> Display for SpinMutexGuard<'a, T>
impl<'a, T> Display for spin::mutex::MutexGuard<'a, T>
impl<'a, V> Display for KeyValueEntryRef<'a, V>where
V: Display + ScryptoEncode,
impl<'k> Display for KeyMut<'k>
impl<'rwlock, T> Display for spin::rwlock::RwLockReadGuard<'rwlock, T>
impl<'rwlock, T, R> Display for RwLockUpgradableGuard<'rwlock, T, R>
impl<'rwlock, T, R> Display for spin::rwlock::RwLockWriteGuard<'rwlock, T, R>
impl<B> Display for Cow<'_, B>
impl<E> Display for PayloadValidationError<E>where
E: CustomExtension,
impl<E> Display for ErrMode<E>where
E: Debug,
impl<E> Display for TypedTraversalError<E>where
E: CustomExtension,
impl<E> Display for Report<E>where
E: Error,
impl<E> Display for CustomEscaped<'_, E>where
E: CustomCharEscaper,
impl<F> Display for FromFn<F>
impl<F> Display for PersistError<F>
impl<I> Display for ExactlyOneError<I>where
I: Iterator,
impl<I> Display for InputError<I>
The Display implementation allows the std::error::Error
implementation