Struct ClassicalShadow 

pub struct ClassicalShadow { /* private fields */ }

Classical shadow protocol for efficient property estimation

Implementations

impl ClassicalShadow

pub fn from_measurements( num_qubits: usize, bases: Vec<String>, outcomes: Vec<String>, ) -> Result<Self, QuantumInfoError>

Create a new classical shadow from measurement data

pub fn generate_random_bases( num_qubits: usize, num_snapshots: usize, ) -> Vec<String>

Generate random Pauli measurement bases

pub fn estimate_observable( &self, observable: &str, ) -> Result<f64, QuantumInfoError>

Estimate expectation value of a Pauli observable

Arguments

• observable - Pauli string (e.g., “ZZI”, “XYZ”)

Returns

Estimated expectation value ⟨O⟩

pub fn estimate_observables( &self, observables: &[String], ) -> Result<Vec<f64>, QuantumInfoError>

Estimate multiple observables efficiently

pub fn estimate_fidelity( &self, target: &QuantumState, ) -> Result<f64, QuantumInfoError>

Estimate fidelity with a target pure state

pub fn num_snapshots(&self) -> usize

Get number of snapshots

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for ClassicalShadow

fn clone(&self) -> ClassicalShadow

Returns a duplicate of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for ClassicalShadow

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.