Struct Sphere 

pub struct Sphere {
    pub radius: f64,
}

A sphere of given radius

Fields

radius: f64

Implementations

impl Sphere

pub fn gaussian_curvature(&self) -> f64

Gaussian curvature K = 1/R^2 (constant)

pub fn euler_characteristic(&self) -> i32

Euler characteristic χ = 2

pub fn area(&self) -> f64

Surface area = 4πR²

pub fn first_fundamental_form_equator(&self) -> FirstFundamentalForm

First fundamental form at any point (E=R², F=0, G=R² sin²θ) Using standard spherical coords (θ=polar, φ=azimuthal), at θ=π/2: G=R²

pub fn second_fundamental_form_equator(&self) -> SecondFundamentalForm

Second fundamental form at equator: L=R, M=0, N=R