pub trait FromIterator<A>: Sized {
// Required method
fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Self
where T: IntoIterator<Item = A>;
}Expand description
Conversion from an Iterator.
By implementing FromIterator for a type, you define how it will be
created from an iterator. This is common for types which describe a
collection of some kind.
If you want to create a collection from the contents of an iterator, the
Iterator::collect() method is preferred. However, when you need to
specify the container type, FromIterator::from_iter() can be more
readable than using a turbofish (e.g. ::<Vec<_>>()). See the
Iterator::collect() documentation for more examples of its use.
See also: IntoIterator.
§Examples
Basic usage:
let five_fives = std::iter::repeat(5).take(5);
let v = Vec::from_iter(five_fives);
assert_eq!(v, vec![5, 5, 5, 5, 5]);Using Iterator::collect() to implicitly use FromIterator:
let five_fives = std::iter::repeat(5).take(5);
let v: Vec<i32> = five_fives.collect();
assert_eq!(v, vec![5, 5, 5, 5, 5]);Using FromIterator::from_iter() as a more readable alternative to
Iterator::collect():
use std::collections::VecDeque;
let first = (0..10).collect::<VecDeque<i32>>();
let second = VecDeque::from_iter(0..10);
assert_eq!(first, second);Implementing FromIterator for your type:
// A sample collection, that's just a wrapper over Vec<T>
#[derive(Debug)]
struct MyCollection(Vec<i32>);
// Let's give it some methods so we can create one and add things
// to it.
impl MyCollection {
fn new() -> MyCollection {
MyCollection(Vec::new())
}
fn add(&mut self, elem: i32) {
self.0.push(elem);
}
}
// and we'll implement FromIterator
impl FromIterator<i32> for MyCollection {
fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item=i32>>(iter: I) -> Self {
let mut c = MyCollection::new();
for i in iter {
c.add(i);
}
c
}
}
// Now we can make a new iterator...
let iter = (0..5).into_iter();
// ... and make a MyCollection out of it
let c = MyCollection::from_iter(iter);
assert_eq!(c.0, vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);
// collect works too!
let iter = (0..5).into_iter();
let c: MyCollection = iter.collect();
assert_eq!(c.0, vec![0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);Required Methods§
1.0.0 · Sourcefn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Selfwhere
T: IntoIterator<Item = A>,
fn from_iter<T>(iter: T) -> Selfwhere
T: IntoIterator<Item = A>,
Creates a value from an iterator.
See the module-level documentation for more.
§Examples
let five_fives = std::iter::repeat(5).take(5);
let v = Vec::from_iter(five_fives);
assert_eq!(v, vec![5, 5, 5, 5, 5]);Dyn Compatibility§
This trait is not dyn compatible.
In older versions of Rust, dyn compatibility was called "object safety".
Implementors§
impl FromIterator<(String, Value)> for otter_nodejs_tests::tera::Map<String, Value>
impl FromIterator<(String, Value)> for otter_nodejs_tests::toml::map::Map<String, Value>
impl FromIterator<Weekday> for WeekdaySet
impl FromIterator<AsciiChar> for String
no_global_oom_handling only.impl FromIterator<Signal> for SigSet
signal only.impl FromIterator<char> for Box<str>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl FromIterator<char> for ByteString
impl FromIterator<char> for String
no_global_oom_handling only.impl FromIterator<char> for BString
impl FromIterator<u8> for ByteString
impl FromIterator<u8> for BString
impl FromIterator<u8> for Bytes
impl FromIterator<u8> for BytesMut
impl FromIterator<()> for ()
Collapses all unit items from an iterator into one.
This is more useful when combined with higher-level abstractions, like
collecting to a Result<(), E> where you only care about errors:
use std::io::*;
let data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let res: Result<()> = data.iter()
.map(|x| writeln!(stdout(), "{x}"))
.collect();
assert!(res.is_ok());impl FromIterator<AtFlags> for otter_nodejs_tests::nix::fcntl::AtFlags
impl FromIterator<FallocateFlags> for otter_nodejs_tests::nix::fcntl::FallocateFlags
impl FromIterator<FdFlag> for otter_nodejs_tests::nix::fcntl::FdFlag
impl FromIterator<OFlag> for OFlag
impl FromIterator<RenameFlags> for otter_nodejs_tests::nix::fcntl::RenameFlags
impl FromIterator<SealFlag> for SealFlag
impl FromIterator<SpliceFFlags> for SpliceFFlags
impl FromIterator<DeleteModuleFlags> for DeleteModuleFlags
impl FromIterator<ModuleInitFlags> for ModuleInitFlags
impl FromIterator<MntFlags> for MntFlags
impl FromIterator<MsFlags> for otter_nodejs_tests::nix::mount::MsFlags
impl FromIterator<FdFlag> for otter_nodejs_tests::nix::mqueue::FdFlag
impl FromIterator<MQ_OFlag> for MQ_OFlag
impl FromIterator<InterfaceFlags> for InterfaceFlags
impl FromIterator<PollFlags> for PollFlags
impl FromIterator<CloneFlags> for CloneFlags
impl FromIterator<EpollCreateFlags> for EpollCreateFlags
impl FromIterator<EpollFlags> for EpollFlags
impl FromIterator<EfdFlags> for EfdFlags
impl FromIterator<AddWatchFlags> for AddWatchFlags
impl FromIterator<InitFlags> for InitFlags
impl FromIterator<MemFdCreateFlag> for MemFdCreateFlag
impl FromIterator<MRemapFlags> for MRemapFlags
impl FromIterator<MapFlags> for MapFlags
impl FromIterator<MlockAllFlags> for MlockAllFlags
impl FromIterator<MsFlags> for otter_nodejs_tests::nix::sys::mman::MsFlags
impl FromIterator<ProtFlags> for ProtFlags
impl FromIterator<Persona> for Persona
impl FromIterator<Options> for Options
impl FromIterator<QuotaValidFlags> for QuotaValidFlags
impl FromIterator<SaFlags> for SaFlags
impl FromIterator<SfdFlags> for SfdFlags
impl FromIterator<MsgFlags> for MsgFlags
impl FromIterator<SockFlag> for SockFlag
impl FromIterator<TimestampingFlag> for TimestampingFlag
impl FromIterator<Mode> for otter_nodejs_tests::nix::sys::stat::Mode
impl FromIterator<SFlag> for SFlag
impl FromIterator<FsFlags> for FsFlags
impl FromIterator<ControlFlags> for ControlFlags
impl FromIterator<InputFlags> for InputFlags
impl FromIterator<LocalFlags> for LocalFlags
impl FromIterator<OutputFlags> for OutputFlags
impl FromIterator<TimerFlags> for TimerFlags
impl FromIterator<TimerSetTimeFlags> for TimerSetTimeFlags
impl FromIterator<WaitPidFlag> for WaitPidFlag
impl FromIterator<AccessFlags> for AccessFlags
impl FromIterator<ByteString> for ByteString
impl FromIterator<String> for Box<str>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl FromIterator<String> for String
no_global_oom_handling only.impl FromIterator<OsString> for OsString
impl FromIterator<BString> for BString
impl FromIterator<FileType> for FileType
impl FromIterator<EventMask> for EventMask
impl FromIterator<WatchMask> for WatchMask
impl FromIterator<Op> for Op
impl FromIterator<CipherCtxFlags> for CipherCtxFlags
impl FromIterator<CMSOptions> for CMSOptions
impl FromIterator<OcspFlag> for OcspFlag
impl FromIterator<Pkcs7Flags> for Pkcs7Flags
impl FromIterator<ExtensionContext> for ExtensionContext
impl FromIterator<ShutdownState> for ShutdownState
impl FromIterator<SslMode> for SslMode
impl FromIterator<SslOptions> for SslOptions
impl FromIterator<SslSessionCacheMode> for SslSessionCacheMode
impl FromIterator<SslVerifyMode> for SslVerifyMode
impl FromIterator<X509CheckFlags> for X509CheckFlags
impl FromIterator<X509VerifyFlags> for X509VerifyFlags
impl FromIterator<Transformations> for Transformations
impl FromIterator<Literal> for Seq
impl FromIterator<CreateFlags> for CreateFlags
impl FromIterator<ReadFlags> for ReadFlags
impl FromIterator<WatchFlags> for WatchFlags
impl FromIterator<Access> for Access
impl FromIterator<AtFlags> for rustix::backend::fs::types::AtFlags
impl FromIterator<FallocateFlags> for rustix::backend::fs::types::FallocateFlags
impl FromIterator<MemfdFlags> for MemfdFlags
impl FromIterator<Mode> for rustix::backend::fs::types::Mode
impl FromIterator<OFlags> for OFlags
impl FromIterator<RenameFlags> for rustix::backend::fs::types::RenameFlags
impl FromIterator<ResolveFlags> for ResolveFlags
impl FromIterator<SealFlags> for SealFlags
impl FromIterator<StatVfsMountFlags> for StatVfsMountFlags
impl FromIterator<DupFlags> for DupFlags
impl FromIterator<FdFlags> for FdFlags
impl FromIterator<ReadWriteFlags> for ReadWriteFlags
impl FromIterator<IFlags> for IFlags
impl FromIterator<StatxAttributes> for StatxAttributes
impl FromIterator<StatxFlags> for StatxFlags
impl FromIterator<XattrFlags> for XattrFlags
impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a AsciiChar> for String
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a char> for Box<str>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a char> for String
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a str> for Box<str>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a str> for ByteString
impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a str> for String
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a str> for BString
impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a u8> for BytesMut
impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a ByteStr> for ByteString
impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a OsStr> for OsString
impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a BStr> for BString
impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a [u8]> for ByteString
impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a [u8]> for BString
impl<'a> FromIterator<(Ident<'a>, Value<'a>)> for ParamsString
impl<'a> FromIterator<Cow<'a, str>> for Box<str>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a> FromIterator<Cow<'a, str>> for String
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a> FromIterator<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsString
impl<'a> FromIterator<AsciiChar> for Cow<'a, str>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a> FromIterator<char> for Cow<'a, str>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a> FromIterator<String> for Cow<'a, str>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a, 'b> FromIterator<&'b str> for Cow<'a, str>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<'a, T> FromIterator<T> for Cow<'a, [T]>where
T: Clone,
impl<A> FromIterator<<A as Array>::Item> for SmallVec<A>where
A: Array,
impl<A> FromIterator<Box<str, A>> for Box<str>where
A: Allocator,
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<A> FromIterator<Box<str, A>> for Stringwhere
A: Allocator,
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<A, E, V> FromIterator<Result<A, E>> for Result<V, E>where
V: FromIterator<A>,
impl<A, V> FromIterator<Option<A>> for Option<V>where
V: FromIterator<A>,
impl<EntryData> FromIterator<EntryData> for VecList<EntryData>
impl<F> FromIterator<F> for JoinAll<F>where
F: Future,
impl<F> FromIterator<F> for TryJoinAll<F>where
F: TryFuture,
impl<Fut> FromIterator<Fut> for futures_util::future::select_all::SelectAll<Fut>
impl<Fut> FromIterator<Fut> for SelectOk<Fut>
impl<Fut> FromIterator<Fut> for FuturesOrdered<Fut>where
Fut: Future,
impl<Fut> FromIterator<Fut> for FuturesUnordered<Fut>
impl<I> FromIterator<I> for Box<[I]>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<I, A> FromIterator<A> for Box<IndexSlice<I, [A]>>where
I: Idx,
impl<I, T> FromIterator<T> for IndexVec<I, T>where
I: Idx,
impl<K, V> FromIterator<(K, V)> for Value
impl<K, V> FromIterator<(K, V)> for SecondaryMap<K, V>where
K: Key,
impl<K, V> FromIterator<(K, V)> for BTreeMap<K, V>where
K: Ord,
impl<K, V> FromIterator<(K, V)> for EnumMap<K, V>
impl<K, V, S> FromIterator<(K, V)> for otter_nodejs_tests::HashMap<K, V, S>
impl<K, V, S> FromIterator<(K, V)> for otter_nodejs_tests::IndexMap<K, V, S>
impl<K, V, S> FromIterator<(K, V)> for SparseSecondaryMap<K, V, S>
impl<K, V, S> FromIterator<(K, V)> for indexmap::map::IndexMap<K, V, S>
impl<K, V, S> FromIterator<(K, V)> for LiteMap<K, V, S>where
K: Ord,
S: StoreFromIterable<K, V>,
impl<K, V, S, A> FromIterator<(K, V)> for hashbrown::map::HashMap<K, V, S, A>
impl<K, V, S, A> FromIterator<(K, V)> for hashbrown::map::HashMap<K, V, S, A>
impl<P> FromIterator<P> for PathBuf
impl<St> FromIterator<St> for futures_util::stream::select_all::SelectAll<St>
impl<T> FromIterator<(usize, T)> for Slab<T>
Create a slab from an iterator of key-value pairs.
If the iterator produces duplicate keys, the previous value is replaced with the later one.
The keys does not need to be sorted beforehand, and this function always
takes O(n) time.
Note that the returned slab will use space proportional to the largest key,
so don’t use Slab with untrusted keys.
§Examples
let vec = vec![(2,'a'), (6,'b'), (7,'c')];
let slab = vec.into_iter().collect::<Slab<char>>();
assert_eq!(slab.len(), 3);
assert!(slab.capacity() >= 8);
assert_eq!(slab[2], 'a');With duplicate and unsorted keys:
let vec = vec![(20,'a'), (10,'b'), (11,'c'), (10,'d')];
let slab = vec.into_iter().collect::<Slab<char>>();
assert_eq!(slab.len(), 3);
assert_eq!(slab[10], 'd');impl<T> FromIterator<(HeaderName, T)> for HeaderMap<T>
impl<T> FromIterator<Steal<T>> for Steal<T>
impl<T> FromIterator<T> for Value
impl<T> FromIterator<T> for Arc<[T]>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<T> FromIterator<T> for BTreeSet<T>where
T: Ord,
impl<T> FromIterator<T> for VecDeque<T>
impl<T> FromIterator<T> for BinaryHeap<T>where
T: Ord,
impl<T> FromIterator<T> for LinkedList<T>
impl<T> FromIterator<T> for Rc<[T]>
no_global_oom_handling only.impl<T> FromIterator<T> for Vec<T>
no_global_oom_handling only.Collects an iterator into a Vec, commonly called via Iterator::collect()
§Allocation behavior
In general Vec does not guarantee any particular growth or allocation strategy.
That also applies to this trait impl.
Note: This section covers implementation details and is therefore exempt from stability guarantees.
Vec may use any or none of the following strategies, depending on the supplied iterator:
- preallocate based on
Iterator::size_hint()- and panic if the number of items is outside the provided lower/upper bounds
- use an amortized growth strategy similar to
pushingone item at a time - perform the iteration in-place on the original allocation backing the iterator
The last case warrants some attention. It is an optimization that in many cases reduces peak memory
consumption and improves cache locality. But when big, short-lived allocations are created,
only a small fraction of their items get collected, no further use is made of the spare capacity
and the resulting Vec is moved into a longer-lived structure, then this can lead to the large
allocations having their lifetimes unnecessarily extended which can result in increased memory
footprint.
In cases where this is an issue, the excess capacity can be discarded with Vec::shrink_to(),
Vec::shrink_to_fit() or by collecting into Box<[T]> instead, which additionally reduces
the size of the long-lived struct.
static LONG_LIVED: Mutex<Vec<Vec<u16>>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
for i in 0..10 {
let big_temporary: Vec<u16> = (0..1024).collect();
// discard most items
let mut result: Vec<_> = big_temporary.into_iter().filter(|i| i % 100 == 0).collect();
// without this a lot of unused capacity might be moved into the global
result.shrink_to_fit();
LONG_LIVED.lock().unwrap().push(result);
}impl<T, ExtendT> FromIterator<(T₁, T₂, …, Tₙ)> for (ExtendT₁, ExtendT₂, …, ExtendTₙ)
This is similar to Iterator::unzip, but is also composable with other FromIterator
implementations:
let string = "1,2,123,4";
// Example given for a 2-tuple, but 1- through 12-tuples are supported
let (numbers, lengths): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = string
.split(',')
.map(|s| s.parse().map(|n: u32| (n, s.len())))
.collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
assert_eq!(numbers, [1, 2, 123, 4]);
assert_eq!(lengths, [1, 1, 3, 1]);impl<T, F> FromIterator<F> for JoinSet<T>
Collect an iterator of futures into a JoinSet.
This is equivalent to calling JoinSet::spawn on each element of the iterator.
§Examples
The main example from JoinSet’s documentation can also be written using collect:
use tokio::task::JoinSet;
let mut set: JoinSet<_> = (0..10).map(|i| async move { i }).collect();
let mut seen = [false; 10];
while let Some(res) = set.join_next().await {
let idx = res.unwrap();
seen[idx] = true;
}
for i in 0..10 {
assert!(seen[i]);
}impl<T, I> FromIterator<T> for Deque<T, I>where
I: Offset,
impl<T, N> FromIterator<T> for GenericArray<T, N>where
N: ArrayLength<T>,
impl<T, S> FromIterator<T> for otter_nodejs_tests::HashSet<T, S>
impl<T, S> FromIterator<T> for otter_nodejs_tests::IndexSet<T, S>
impl<T, S> FromIterator<T> for indexmap::set::IndexSet<T, S>
impl<T, S, A> FromIterator<T> for hashbrown::set::HashSet<T, S, A>
impl<T, S, A> FromIterator<T> for hashbrown::set::HashSet<T, S, A>
impl<T, const CAP: usize> FromIterator<T> for ArrayVec<T, CAP>
Create an ArrayVec from an iterator.
Panics if the number of elements in the iterator exceeds the arrayvec’s capacity.