Enum ChunkSize

pub enum ChunkSize {
    Auto,
    Min(NonZero<usize>),
    Exact(NonZero<usize>),
}

ChunkSize represents the batch size of elements each thread will pull from the main iterator once it becomes idle again. It is possible to define a minimum or exact chunk size.

Rules of Thumb / Guidelines

The objective of this parameter is to balance the overhead of parallelization and cost of heterogeneity of tasks.

In order to illustrate, assume that there exist 8 elements to process, or 8 jobs to execute, and we will use 2 threads for this computation. Two extreme strategies can be defined as follows.

• Perfect Sharing of Tasks
  • Setting chunk size to 4 provides a perfect division of tasks in terms of quantity. Each thread will retrieve 4 elements at once in one pull and process them. This one pull per thread can be considered as the parallelization overhead and this is the best/minimum we can achieve.
  • Drawback of this approach, on the other hand, is observed when the execution time of each job is significantly different; i.e., when we have heterogeneous tasks.
  • Assume, for instance, that the first element requires 7 units of time while all remaining elements require 1 unit of time.
  • Roughly, the parallel execution with a chunk size of 4 would complete in 10 units of time, which is the execution time of the first thread (7 + 3*1).
  • The second thread will complete its 4 tasks in 4 units of time and will remain idle for 6 units of time.
• Perfect Handling of Heterogeneity
  • Setting chunk size to 1 provides a perfect way to deal with heterogeneous tasks, minimizing the idle time of threads. Each thread will retrieve elements one by one whenever they become idle.
  • Considering the heterogeneous example above, the parallel execution with a chunk size of 1 would complete around 7 units of time.
    • This is again the execution time of the first thread, which will only execute the first element.
    • The second thread will execute the remaining 7 elements, again in 7 units in time.
  • None of the threads will be idle, which is the best we can achieve.
  • Drawback of this approach is the parallelization overhead due to pulls.
  • Chunk size being 1, this setting will lead to a total of 8 pull operations (1 pull by the first thread, 7 pulls by the second thread).
  • This leads to the maximum/worst parallelization overhead in this scenario.

The objective then is to find a chunk size which is:

• large enough that total time spent for the pulls is insignificant, while
• small enough not to suffer from the impact of heterogeneity.

Note that this decision is data dependent, and hence, can be tuned for the input when the operation is extremely time-critical.

In these cases, the following rule of thumb helps to find a good chunk size. We can set the chunk size to the smallest value which would make the overhead of pulls insignificant:

• The larger each individual task, the less significant the parallelization overhead. A small chunk size would do.
• The smaller each individual task, the more significant the parallelization overhead. We require a larger chunk size while being careful not to suffer from idle times of threads due to heterogeneity.

In general, it is recommended to set this parameter to its default value, ChunkSize::Auto. This library will try to solve the tradeoff explained above depending on the input data to minimize execution time and idle thread time.

For more critical operations, this ChunkSize::Exact and ChunkSize::Min options can be used to tune the execution for the class of the relevant input data.

Variants

Auto

The objective of ChunkSize parameter is to balance the overhead of parallelization and cost of heterogeneity of tasks.

When ChunkSize::Auto is used, this library will try to solve the tradeoff explained above depending on the input data to minimize execution time and idle thread time.

Min(NonZero<usize>)

This variant defines a minimum chunk size, say min_chunk_size. Each time a thread completes a task and becomes idle, it will pull at least min_chunk_size elements from the input source. Parallel execution is allowed to and might decide to pull more elements depending on characteristics of the inputs and used number of threads.

Exact(NonZero<usize>)

This variant defines an exact chunk size, say exact_chunk_size. Each time a thread completes a task and becomes idle, it will pull exactly exact_chunk_size elements from the input source.

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for ChunkSize

fn clone(&self) -> ChunkSize

Returns a duplicate of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for ChunkSize

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for ChunkSize

fn default() -> ChunkSize

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl From<usize> for ChunkSize

fn from(value: usize) -> ChunkSize

Converts the nonnegative integer to chunk size as follows:

• 0 is converted to ChunkSize::Auto,
• n is converted to ChunkSize::Exact(n) where n > 0.

impl PartialEq for ChunkSize

fn eq(&self, other: &ChunkSize) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl Copy for ChunkSize

impl Eq for ChunkSize

impl StructuralPartialEq for ChunkSize