Trait Default

1.6.0 · Source
pub trait Default: Sized {
    // Required method
    fn default() -> Self;
}
Expand description

A trait for giving a type a useful default value.

Sometimes, you want to fall back to some kind of default value, and don’t particularly care what it is. This comes up often with structs that define a set of options:

struct SomeOptions {
    foo: i32,
    bar: f32,
}

How can we define some default values? You can use Default:

#[derive(Default)]
struct SomeOptions {
    foo: i32,
    bar: f32,
}

fn main() {
    let options: SomeOptions = Default::default();
}

Now, you get all of the default values. Rust implements Default for various primitives types.

If you want to override a particular option, but still retain the other defaults:

fn main() {
    let options = SomeOptions { foo: 42, ..Default::default() };
}

§Derivable

This trait can be used with #[derive] if all of the type’s fields implement Default. When derived, it will use the default value for each field’s type.

§enums

When using #[derive(Default)] on an enum, you need to choose which unit variant will be default. You do this by placing the #[default] attribute on the variant.

#[derive(Default)]
enum Kind {
    #[default]
    A,
    B,
    C,
}

You cannot use the #[default] attribute on non-unit or non-exhaustive variants.

The #[default] attribute was stabilized in Rust 1.62.0.

§How can I implement Default?

Provide an implementation for the default() method that returns the value of your type that should be the default:

enum Kind {
    A,
    B,
    C,
}

impl Default for Kind {
    fn default() -> Self { Kind::A }
}

§Examples

#[derive(Default)]
struct SomeOptions {
    foo: i32,
    bar: f32,
}

Required Methods§

1.0.0 · Source

fn default() -> Self

Returns the “default value” for a type.

Default values are often some kind of initial value, identity value, or anything else that may make sense as a default.

§Examples

Using built-in default values:

let i: i8 = Default::default();
let (x, y): (Option<String>, f64) = Default::default();
let (a, b, (c, d)): (i32, u32, (bool, bool)) = Default::default();

Making your own:

enum Kind {
    A,
    B,
    C,
}

impl Default for Kind {
    fn default() -> Self { Kind::A }
}

Dyn Compatibility§

This trait is not dyn compatible.

In older versions of Rust, dyn compatibility was called "object safety", so this trait is not object safe.

Implementors§

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impl Default for &str

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impl Default for &CStr

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impl Default for &OsStr

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impl Default for &mut str

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impl Default for AsciiChar

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impl Default for aho_corasick::packed::api::MatchKind

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impl Default for aho_corasick::util::search::MatchKind

The default match kind is MatchKind::Standard.

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impl Default for StartKind

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impl Default for PrefilterConfig

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impl Default for WhichCaptures

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impl Default for regex_automata::util::search::MatchKind

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impl Default for ExtractKind

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impl Default for bool

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impl Default for char

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impl Default for f16

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impl Default for f32

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impl Default for f64

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impl Default for f128

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impl Default for i8

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impl Default for i16

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impl Default for i32

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impl Default for i64

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impl Default for i128

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impl Default for isize

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impl Default for u8

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impl Default for u16

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impl Default for u32

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impl Default for u64

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impl Default for u128

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impl Default for ()

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impl Default for usize

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impl Default for DescriptorOrderColumnMajor

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impl Default for DescriptorOrderRowMajor

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impl Default for IxDynImpl

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impl Default for Error

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impl Default for FormattingOptions

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impl Default for ndarray_cg::mem::__core::hash::SipHasher

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impl Default for PhantomPinned

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impl Default for RangeFull

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impl Default for Alignment

Returns Alignment::MIN, which is valid for any type.

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impl Default for AtomicBool

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impl Default for AtomicI8

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impl Default for AtomicI16

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impl Default for AtomicI32

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impl Default for AtomicI64

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impl Default for AtomicIsize

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impl Default for AtomicU8

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impl Default for AtomicU16

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impl Default for AtomicU32

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impl Default for AtomicU64

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impl Default for AtomicUsize

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impl Default for Duration

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impl Default for Global

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impl Default for Box<str>

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impl Default for Box<CStr>

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impl Default for Box<OsStr>

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impl Default for ByteString

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impl Default for CString

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impl Default for Rc<str>

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impl Default for Rc<CStr>

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impl Default for String

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impl Default for Arc<str>

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impl Default for Arc<CStr>

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impl Default for System

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impl Default for OsString

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impl Default for FileTimes

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impl Default for DefaultHasher

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impl Default for RandomState

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impl Default for std::io::util::Empty

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impl Default for Sink

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impl Default for PathBuf

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impl Default for ExitCode

The default value is ExitCode::SUCCESS

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impl Default for ExitStatus

The default value is one which indicates successful completion.

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impl Default for DefaultRandomSource

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impl Default for Condvar

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impl Default for AhoCorasickBuilder

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impl Default for aho_corasick::dfa::Builder

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impl Default for aho_corasick::nfa::contiguous::Builder

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impl Default for aho_corasick::nfa::noncontiguous::Builder

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impl Default for aho_corasick::packed::api::Builder

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impl Default for aho_corasick::packed::api::Config

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impl Default for aho_corasick::util::primitives::PatternID

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impl Default for aho_corasick::util::primitives::StateID

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impl Default for FinderBuilder

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impl Default for OnceBool

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impl Default for OnceNonZeroUsize

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impl Default for ParseError

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impl Default for regex_automata::dfa::onepass::Config

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impl Default for regex_automata::hybrid::dfa::Config

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impl Default for LazyStateID

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impl Default for regex_automata::hybrid::regex::Builder

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impl Default for regex_automata::meta::regex::Config

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impl Default for regex_automata::nfa::thompson::backtrack::Config

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impl Default for regex_automata::nfa::thompson::builder::Builder

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impl Default for regex_automata::nfa::thompson::compiler::Config

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impl Default for regex_automata::nfa::thompson::pikevm::Config

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impl Default for ByteClasses

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impl Default for GroupInfo

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impl Default for LookMatcher

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impl Default for regex_automata::util::look::LookSet

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impl Default for regex_automata::util::primitives::PatternID

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impl Default for SmallIndex

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impl Default for regex_automata::util::primitives::StateID

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impl Default for regex_automata::util::syntax::Config

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impl Default for regex_syntax::ast::parse::ParserBuilder

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impl Default for Extractor

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impl Default for ClassBytesRange

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impl Default for ClassUnicodeRange

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impl Default for regex_syntax::hir::LookSet

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impl Default for TranslatorBuilder

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impl Default for regex_syntax::parser::ParserBuilder

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impl Default for regex::regexset::bytes::RegexSet

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impl Default for regex::regexset::string::RegexSet

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impl Default for Hash128

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impl Default for siphasher::sip128::SipHasher13

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impl Default for siphasher::sip128::SipHasher24

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impl Default for siphasher::sip128::SipHasher

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impl Default for siphasher::sip::SipHasher13

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impl Default for siphasher::sip::SipHasher24

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impl Default for siphasher::sip::SipHasher

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impl<'a> Default for &'a ByteStr

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impl<'a> Default for &'a mut ByteStr

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impl<'a> Default for PhantomContravariantLifetime<'a>

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impl<'a> Default for PhantomCovariantLifetime<'a>

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impl<'a> Default for PhantomInvariantLifetime<'a>

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impl<'a, K, V> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::Iter<'a, K, V>
where K: 'a, V: 'a,

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impl<'a, K, V> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::IterMut<'a, K, V>
where K: 'a, V: 'a,

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impl<'a, T> Default for OnceRef<'a, T>

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impl<A, B> Default for AbsDiff<A, B>
where A: AbsDiffEq<B> + ?Sized, B: ?Sized,

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impl<A, B> Default for Relative<A, B>
where A: RelativeEq<B> + ?Sized, B: ?Sized,

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impl<A, B> Default for Ulps<A, B>
where A: UlpsEq<B> + ?Sized, B: ?Sized,

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impl<A, B> Default for Chain<A, B>
where A: Default, B: Default,

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impl<A, S, D> Default for ArrayBase<S, D>
where S: DataOwned<Elem = A>, D: Dimension, A: Default,

Create an owned array with a default state.

The array is created with dimension D::default(), which results in for example dimensions 0 and (0, 0) with zero elements for the one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases respectively.

The default dimension for IxDyn is IxDyn(&[0]) (array has zero elements). And the default for the dimension () is () (array has one element).

Since arrays cannot grow, the intention is to use the default value as placeholder.

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impl<B> Default for Cow<'_, B>
where B: ToOwned + ?Sized, <B as ToOwned>::Owned: Default,

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impl<E, const ROWS: usize, const COLS: usize, Descriptor: Descriptor> Default for Mat<ROWS, COLS, E, Descriptor>
where E: MatEl,

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impl<H> Default for BuildHasherDefault<H>

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impl<I> Default for Dim<I>
where I: Default + ?Sized,

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impl<I> Default for Cloned<I>
where I: Default,

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impl<I> Default for Copied<I>
where I: Default,

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impl<I> Default for Enumerate<I>
where I: Default,

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impl<I> Default for Flatten<I>
where I: Default + Iterator, <I as Iterator>::Item: IntoIterator,

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impl<I> Default for Fuse<I>
where I: Default,

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impl<I> Default for Rev<I>
where I: Default,

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impl<Idx> Default for ndarray_cg::mem::__core::ops::Range<Idx>
where Idx: Default,

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impl<Idx> Default for ndarray_cg::mem::__core::range::Range<Idx>
where Idx: Default,

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impl<K> Default for std::collections::hash::set::IntoIter<K>

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impl<K> Default for std::collections::hash::set::Iter<'_, K>

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impl<K, V> Default for BTreeMap<K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::Keys<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::Range<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for RangeMut<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::Values<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::ValuesMut<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for std::collections::hash::map::IntoIter<K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for std::collections::hash::map::IntoKeys<K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for std::collections::hash::map::IntoValues<K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for std::collections::hash::map::Iter<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for std::collections::hash::map::IterMut<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for std::collections::hash::map::Keys<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for std::collections::hash::map::Values<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V> Default for std::collections::hash::map::ValuesMut<'_, K, V>

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impl<K, V, A> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::IntoIter<K, V, A>
where A: Allocator + Default + Clone,

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impl<K, V, A> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::IntoKeys<K, V, A>
where A: Allocator + Default + Clone,

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impl<K, V, A> Default for alloc::collections::btree::map::IntoValues<K, V, A>
where A: Allocator + Default + Clone,

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impl<K, V, S> Default for HashMap<K, V, S>
where S: Default,

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impl<T> Default for &[T]

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impl<T> Default for &mut [T]

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impl<T> Default for Option<T>

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impl<T> Default for [T; 0]

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impl<T> Default for [T; 1]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 2]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 3]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 4]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 5]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 6]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 7]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 8]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 9]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 10]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 11]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 12]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 13]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 14]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 15]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 16]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 17]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 18]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 19]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 20]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 21]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 22]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 23]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 24]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 25]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 26]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 27]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 28]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 29]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 30]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 31]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for [T; 32]
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for (T₁, T₂, …, Tₙ)
where T: Default,

This trait is implemented for tuples up to twelve items long.

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impl<T> Default for MathCell<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Cell<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for LazyCell<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for ndarray_cg::mem::__core::cell::OnceCell<T>

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impl<T> Default for RefCell<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for SyncUnsafeCell<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for UnsafeCell<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Reverse<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for ndarray_cg::mem::__core::iter::Empty<T>

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impl<T> Default for PhantomContravariant<T>
where T: ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for PhantomCovariant<T>
where T: ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for PhantomData<T>
where T: ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for PhantomInvariant<T>
where T: ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for ManuallyDrop<T>
where T: Default + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for Saturating<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Wrapping<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for AssertUnwindSafe<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for ndarray_cg::mem::__core::slice::Iter<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for ndarray_cg::mem::__core::slice::IterMut<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for AtomicPtr<T>

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impl<T> Default for Exclusive<T>
where T: Default + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for Box<[T]>

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impl<T> Default for Box<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for BinaryHeap<T>
where T: Ord,

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::binary_heap::IntoIter<T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::binary_heap::Iter<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for BTreeSet<T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::btree::set::Iter<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::btree::set::Range<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::linked_list::IntoIter<T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::linked_list::Iter<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::linked_list::IterMut<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for LinkedList<T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::vec_deque::iter::Iter<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for alloc::collections::vec_deque::iter_mut::IterMut<'_, T>

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impl<T> Default for VecDeque<T>

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impl<T> Default for Rc<[T]>

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impl<T> Default for Rc<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for alloc::rc::Weak<T>

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impl<T> Default for Arc<[T]>

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impl<T> Default for Arc<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for alloc::sync::Weak<T>

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impl<T> Default for Vec<T>

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impl<T> Default for Cursor<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for LazyLock<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for OnceLock<T>

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impl<T> Default for Mutex<T>
where T: Default + ?Sized,

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impl<T> Default for RwLock<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for ReentrantLock<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for Complex<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for OnceBox<T>

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impl<T> Default for once_cell::sync::Lazy<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for once_cell::sync::OnceCell<T>

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impl<T> Default for once_cell::unsync::Lazy<T>
where T: Default,

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impl<T> Default for once_cell::unsync::OnceCell<T>

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impl<T, A> Default for alloc::collections::btree::set::IntoIter<T, A>
where A: Allocator + Default + Clone,

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impl<T, A> Default for alloc::vec::into_iter::IntoIter<T, A>
where A: Allocator + Default,

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impl<T, S> Default for HashSet<T, S>
where S: Default,

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impl<T, const N: usize> Default for Mask<T, N>

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impl<T, const N: usize> Default for Simd<T, N>