Struct macroquad::math::Vec2

source · 
#[repr(C)]
pub struct Vec2 {
    pub x: f32,
    pub y: f32,
}
Expand description

A 2-dimensional vector.

Fields§

§x: f32§y: f32

Implementations§

source§

impl Vec2

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pub const ZERO: Vec2 = _

All zeroes.

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pub const ONE: Vec2 = _

All ones.

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pub const NEG_ONE: Vec2 = _

All negative ones.

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pub const NAN: Vec2 = _

All NAN.

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pub const X: Vec2 = _

A unit-length vector pointing along the positive X axis.

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pub const Y: Vec2 = _

A unit-length vector pointing along the positive Y axis.

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pub const NEG_X: Vec2 = _

A unit-length vector pointing along the negative X axis.

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pub const NEG_Y: Vec2 = _

A unit-length vector pointing along the negative Y axis.

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pub const AXES: [Vec2; 2] = _

The unit axes.

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pub const fn new(x: f32, y: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a new vector.

Examples found in repository?
examples/asteroids.rs (line 29)
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fn wrap_around(v: &Vec2) -> Vec2 {
    let mut vr = Vec2::new(v.x, v.y);
    if vr.x > screen_width() {
        vr.x = 0.;
    }
    if vr.x < 0. {
        vr.x = screen_width()
    }
    if vr.y > screen_height() {
        vr.y = 0.;
    }
    if vr.y < 0. {
        vr.y = screen_height()
    }
    vr
}

#[macroquad::main("Asteroids")]
async fn main() {
    let mut ship = Ship {
        pos: Vec2::new(screen_width() / 2., screen_height() / 2.),
        rot: 0.,
        vel: Vec2::new(0., 0.),
    };

    let mut bullets = Vec::new();
    let mut last_shot = get_time();
    let mut asteroids = Vec::new();
    let mut gameover = false;

    let mut screen_center;

    loop {
        if gameover {
            clear_background(LIGHTGRAY);
            let mut text = "You Win!. Press [enter] to play again.";
            let font_size = 30.;

            if asteroids.len() > 0 {
                text = "Game Over. Press [enter] to play again.";
            }
            let text_size = measure_text(text, None, font_size as _, 1.0);
            draw_text(
                text,
                screen_width() / 2. - text_size.width / 2.,
                screen_height() / 2. - text_size.height / 2.,
                font_size,
                DARKGRAY,
            );
            if is_key_down(KeyCode::Enter) {
                ship = Ship {
                    pos: Vec2::new(screen_width() / 2., screen_height() / 2.),
                    rot: 0.,
                    vel: Vec2::new(0., 0.),
                };
                bullets = Vec::new();
                asteroids = Vec::new();
                gameover = false;
                screen_center = Vec2::new(screen_width() / 2., screen_height() / 2.);
                for _ in 0..10 {
                    asteroids.push(Asteroid {
                        pos: screen_center
                            + Vec2::new(rand::gen_range(-1., 1.), rand::gen_range(-1., 1.))
                                .normalize()
                                * screen_width().min(screen_height())
                                / 2.,
                        vel: Vec2::new(rand::gen_range(-1., 1.), rand::gen_range(-1., 1.)),
                        rot: 0.,
                        rot_speed: rand::gen_range(-2., 2.),
                        size: screen_width().min(screen_height()) / 10.,
                        sides: rand::gen_range(3, 8),
                        collided: false,
                    })
                }
            }
            next_frame().await;
            continue;
        }
        let frame_t = get_time();
        let rotation = ship.rot.to_radians();

        let mut acc = -ship.vel / 100.; // Friction

        // Forward
        if is_key_down(KeyCode::Up) {
            acc = Vec2::new(rotation.sin(), -rotation.cos()) / 3.;
        }

        // Shot
        if is_key_down(KeyCode::Space) && frame_t - last_shot > 0.5 {
            let rot_vec = Vec2::new(rotation.sin(), -rotation.cos());
            bullets.push(Bullet {
                pos: ship.pos + rot_vec * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
                vel: rot_vec * 7.,
                shot_at: frame_t,
                collided: false,
            });
            last_shot = frame_t;
        }

        // Steer
        if is_key_down(KeyCode::Right) {
            ship.rot += 5.;
        } else if is_key_down(KeyCode::Left) {
            ship.rot -= 5.;
        }

        // Euler integration
        ship.vel += acc;
        if ship.vel.length() > 5. {
            ship.vel = ship.vel.normalize() * 5.;
        }
        ship.pos += ship.vel;
        ship.pos = wrap_around(&ship.pos);

        // Move each bullet
        for bullet in bullets.iter_mut() {
            bullet.pos += bullet.vel;
        }

        // Move each asteroid
        for asteroid in asteroids.iter_mut() {
            asteroid.pos += asteroid.vel;
            asteroid.pos = wrap_around(&asteroid.pos);
            asteroid.rot += asteroid.rot_speed;
        }

        // Bullet lifetime
        bullets.retain(|bullet| bullet.shot_at + 1.5 > frame_t);

        let mut new_asteroids = Vec::new();
        for asteroid in asteroids.iter_mut() {
            // Asteroid/ship collision
            if (asteroid.pos - ship.pos).length() < asteroid.size + SHIP_HEIGHT / 3. {
                gameover = true;
                break;
            }

            // Asteroid/bullet collision
            for bullet in bullets.iter_mut() {
                if (asteroid.pos - bullet.pos).length() < asteroid.size {
                    asteroid.collided = true;
                    bullet.collided = true;

                    // Break the asteroid
                    if asteroid.sides > 3 {
                        new_asteroids.push(Asteroid {
                            pos: asteroid.pos,
                            vel: Vec2::new(bullet.vel.y, -bullet.vel.x).normalize()
                                * rand::gen_range(1., 3.),
                            rot: rand::gen_range(0., 360.),
                            rot_speed: rand::gen_range(-2., 2.),
                            size: asteroid.size * 0.8,
                            sides: asteroid.sides - 1,
                            collided: false,
                        });
                        new_asteroids.push(Asteroid {
                            pos: asteroid.pos,
                            vel: Vec2::new(-bullet.vel.y, bullet.vel.x).normalize()
                                * rand::gen_range(1., 3.),
                            rot: rand::gen_range(0., 360.),
                            rot_speed: rand::gen_range(-2., 2.),
                            size: asteroid.size * 0.8,
                            sides: asteroid.sides - 1,
                            collided: false,
                        })
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Remove the collided objects
        bullets.retain(|bullet| bullet.shot_at + 1.5 > frame_t && !bullet.collided);
        asteroids.retain(|asteroid| !asteroid.collided);
        asteroids.append(&mut new_asteroids);

        // You win?
        if asteroids.len() == 0 {
            gameover = true;
        }

        if gameover {
            continue;
        }

        clear_background(LIGHTGRAY);

        for bullet in bullets.iter() {
            draw_circle(bullet.pos.x, bullet.pos.y, 2., BLACK);
        }

        for asteroid in asteroids.iter() {
            draw_poly_lines(
                asteroid.pos.x,
                asteroid.pos.y,
                asteroid.sides,
                asteroid.size,
                asteroid.rot,
                2.,
                BLACK,
            )
        }

        let v1 = Vec2::new(
            ship.pos.x + rotation.sin() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
            ship.pos.y - rotation.cos() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
        );
        let v2 = Vec2::new(
            ship.pos.x - rotation.cos() * SHIP_BASE / 2. - rotation.sin() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
            ship.pos.y - rotation.sin() * SHIP_BASE / 2. + rotation.cos() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
        );
        let v3 = Vec2::new(
            ship.pos.x + rotation.cos() * SHIP_BASE / 2. - rotation.sin() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
            ship.pos.y + rotation.sin() * SHIP_BASE / 2. + rotation.cos() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
        );
        draw_triangle_lines(v1, v2, v3, 2., BLACK);

        next_frame().await
    }
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/events.rs (line 9)
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async fn main() {
    loop {
        clear_background(WHITE);
        root_ui().window(hash!(), Vec2::new(20., 20.), Vec2::new(450., 200.), |ui| {
            let (mouse_x, mouse_y) = mouse_position();
            ui.label(None, &format!("Mouse position: {} {}", mouse_x, mouse_y));

            let (mouse_wheel_x, mouse_wheel_y) = mouse_wheel();
            ui.label(None, &format!("Mouse wheel x: {}", mouse_wheel_x));
            ui.label(None, &format!("Mouse wheel y: {}", mouse_wheel_y));

            widgets::Group::new(hash!(), Vec2::new(200., 90.))
                .position(Vec2::new(240., 0.))
                .ui(ui, |ui| {
                    ui.label(None, "Pressed kbd keys");

                    if let Some(key) = get_last_key_pressed() {
                        ui.label(None, &format!("{:?}", key))
                    }
                });

            widgets::Group::new(hash!(), Vec2::new(200., 90.))
                .position(Vec2::new(240., 92.))
                .ui(ui, |ui| {
                    ui.label(None, "Pressed mouse keys");

                    if is_mouse_button_down(MouseButton::Left) {
                        ui.label(None, "Left");
                    }
                    if is_mouse_button_down(MouseButton::Right) {
                        ui.label(None, "Right");
                    }
                    if is_mouse_button_down(MouseButton::Middle) {
                        ui.label(None, "Middle");
                    }
                });
        });
        next_frame().await;
    }
}
examples/rustaceanmark.rs (lines 22-25)
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async fn main() {
    let mut rustaceanes: Vec<Rustaceane> = Vec::new();
    let rustacean_tex = load_texture("examples/rustacean_happy.png").await.unwrap();
    rustacean_tex.set_filter(FilterMode::Nearest);

    loop {
        clear_background(Color::default());

        if macroquad::input::is_mouse_button_down(MouseButton::Left) {
            for _i in 0..100 {
                rustaceanes.push(Rustaceane {
                    pos: Vec2::from(macroquad::input::mouse_position()),
                    speed: Vec2::new(
                        rand::gen_range(-250., 250.) / 60.,
                        rand::gen_range(-250., 250.) / 60.,
                    ),
                    color: Color::from_rgba(
                        rand::gen_range(50, 240),
                        rand::gen_range(80, 240),
                        rand::gen_range(100, 240),
                        255,
                    ),
                })
            }
        }

        for rustaceane in &mut rustaceanes {
            rustaceane.pos += rustaceane.speed;

            if ((rustaceane.pos.x + rustacean_tex.width() / 2.) > screen_width())
                || ((rustaceane.pos.x + rustacean_tex.width() / 2.) < 0.)
            {
                rustaceane.speed.x *= -1.;
            }
            if ((rustaceane.pos.y + rustacean_tex.height() / 2.) > screen_height())
                || ((rustaceane.pos.y + rustacean_tex.height() / 2.) < 0.)
            {
                rustaceane.speed.y *= -1.;
            }

            draw_texture(
                &rustacean_tex,
                rustaceane.pos.x,
                rustaceane.pos.y,
                rustaceane.color,
            );
        }

        draw_text(format!("FPS: {}", get_fps()).as_str(), 0., 16., 32., WHITE);
        draw_text(
            format!("Rustaceanes: {}", rustaceanes.len()).as_str(),
            0.,
            32.,
            32.,
            WHITE,
        );

        next_frame().await
    }
}
examples/ui.rs (line 57)
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    fn slots(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
        let item_dragging = &mut self.item_dragging;

        let fit_command = &mut self.fit_command;
        for (label, slot) in self.slots.iter_mut() {
            Group::new(hash!("grp", slot.id, &label), Vec2::new(210., 55.)).ui(ui, |ui| {
                let drag = Group::new(slot.id, Vec2::new(50., 50.))
                    // slot without item is not draggable
                    .draggable(slot.item.is_some())
                    // but could be a target of drag
                    .hoverable(*item_dragging)
                    // and is highlighted with other color when some item is dragging
                    .highlight(*item_dragging)
                    .ui(ui, |ui| {
                        if let Some(ref item) = slot.item {
                            ui.label(Vec2::new(5., 10.), &item);
                        }
                    });

                match drag {
                    // there is some item in this slot and it was dragged to another slot
                    Drag::Dropped(_, Some(id)) if slot.item.is_some() => {
                        *fit_command = Some(FittingCommand::Refit {
                            target_slot: id,
                            origin_slot: slot.id,
                        });
                    }
                    // there is some item in this slot and it was dragged out - unfit it
                    Drag::Dropped(_, None) if slot.item.is_some() => {
                        *fit_command = Some(FittingCommand::Unfit {
                            target_slot: slot.id,
                        });
                    }
                    // there is no item in this slot
                    // this is impossible - slots without items are non-draggable
                    Drag::Dropped(_, _) => unreachable!(),
                    Drag::Dragging(pos, id) => {
                        debug!("slots: pos: {:?}, id {:?}", pos, id);
                        *item_dragging = true;
                    }
                    Drag::No => {}
                }
                ui.label(Vec2::new(60., 20.), label);
            });
        }
    }

    fn inventory(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui) {
        let item_dragging = &mut self.item_dragging;
        for (n, item) in self.inventory.iter().enumerate() {
            let drag = Group::new(hash!("inventory", n), Vec2::new(50., 50.))
                .draggable(true)
                .ui(ui, |ui| {
                    ui.label(Vec2::new(5., 10.), &item);
                });

            match drag {
                Drag::Dropped(_, Some(id)) => {
                    self.fit_command = Some(FittingCommand::Fit {
                        target_slot: id,
                        item: item.clone(),
                    });
                    *item_dragging = false;
                }
                Drag::Dropped(_, _) => {
                    *item_dragging = false;
                }
                Drag::Dragging(pos, id) => {
                    debug!("inventory: pos: {:?}, id {:?}", pos, id);
                    *item_dragging = true;
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
    }

    fn set_item(&mut self, id: u64, item: Option<String>) {
        if let Some(slot) = self.slots.iter_mut().find(|(_, slot)| slot.id == id) {
            slot.1.item = item;
        }
    }
}

#[macroquad::main("UI showcase")]
async fn main() {
    let mut data = Data::new();

    let mut data0 = String::new();
    let mut data1 = String::new();

    let mut text0 = String::new();
    let mut text1 = String::new();

    let mut number0 = 0.;
    let mut number1 = 0.;

    let texture: Texture2D = load_texture("examples/ferris.png").await.unwrap();

    loop {
        clear_background(WHITE);

        widgets::Window::new(hash!(), vec2(400., 200.), vec2(320., 400.))
            .label("Shop")
            .titlebar(true)
            .ui(&mut *root_ui(), |ui| {
                for i in 0..30 {
                    Group::new(hash!("shop", i), Vec2::new(300., 80.)).ui(ui, |ui| {
                        ui.label(Vec2::new(10., 10.), &format!("Item N {}", i));
                        ui.label(Vec2::new(260., 40.), "10/10");
                        ui.label(Vec2::new(200., 58.), &format!("{} kr", 800));
                        if ui.button(Vec2::new(260., 55.), "buy") {
                            data.inventory.push(format!("Item {}", i));
                        }
                    });
                }
            });

        widgets::Window::new(hash!(), vec2(100., 220.), vec2(542., 430.))
            .label("Fitting window")
            .titlebar(true)
            .ui(&mut *root_ui(), |ui| {
                Group::new(hash!(), Vec2::new(230., 400.)).ui(ui, |ui| {
                    data.slots(ui);
                });
                Group::new(hash!(), Vec2::new(280., 400.)).ui(ui, |ui| {
                    data.inventory(ui);
                });
            });

        widgets::Window::new(hash!(), vec2(470., 50.), vec2(300., 300.))
            .label("Megaui Showcase Window")
            .ui(&mut *root_ui(), |ui| {
                ui.tree_node(hash!(), "input", |ui| {
                    ui.label(None, "Some random text");
                    if ui.button(None, "click me") {
                        println!("hi");
                    }

                    ui.separator();

                    ui.label(None, "Some other random text");
                    if ui.button(None, "other button") {
                        println!("hi2");
                    }

                    ui.separator();

                    ui.input_text(hash!(), "<- input text 1", &mut data0);
                    ui.input_text(hash!(), "<- input text 2", &mut data1);
                    ui.label(
                        None,
                        &format!("Text entered: \"{}\" and \"{}\"", data0, data1),
                    );

                    ui.separator();
                });
                ui.tree_node(hash!(), "buttons", |ui| {
                    widgets::Button::new(texture.clone())
                        .size(vec2(120., 70.))
                        .ui(ui);
                    ui.same_line(0.);
                    widgets::Button::new("Button").size(vec2(120., 70.)).ui(ui);
                    widgets::Button::new("Button").size(vec2(120., 70.)).ui(ui);
                    ui.same_line(0.);
                    widgets::Button::new(texture.clone())
                        .size(vec2(120., 70.))
                        .ui(ui);
                });
                ui.tree_node(hash!(), "sliders", |ui| {
                    ui.slider(hash!(), "[-10 .. 10]", -10f32..10f32, &mut number0);
                    ui.slider(hash!(), "[0 .. 100]", 0f32..100f32, &mut number1);
                });
                ui.tree_node(hash!(), "editbox 1", |ui| {
                    ui.label(None, "This is editbox!");
                    ui.editbox(hash!(), vec2(285., 165.), &mut text0);
                });
                ui.tree_node(hash!(), "editbox 2", |ui| {
                    ui.label(None, "This is editbox!");
                    ui.editbox(hash!(), vec2(285., 165.), &mut text1);
                });
            });

        match data.fit_command.take() {
            Some(FittingCommand::Unfit { target_slot }) => data.set_item(target_slot, None),
            Some(FittingCommand::Fit { target_slot, item }) => {
                data.set_item(target_slot, Some(item));
            }
            Some(FittingCommand::Refit {
                target_slot,
                origin_slot,
            }) => {
                let origin_item = data
                    .slots
                    .iter()
                    .find_map(|(_, slot)| {
                        if slot.id == origin_slot {
                            Some(slot.item.clone())
                        } else {
                            None
                        }
                    })
                    .flatten();
                data.set_item(target_slot, origin_item);
                data.set_item(origin_slot, None);
            }
            None => {}
        };

        next_frame().await;
    }
}
source

pub const fn splat(v: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a vector with all elements set to v.

source

pub fn select(mask: BVec2, if_true: Vec2, if_false: Vec2) -> Vec2

Creates a vector from the elements in if_true and if_false, selecting which to use for each element of self.

A true element in the mask uses the corresponding element from if_true, and false uses the element from if_false.

source

pub const fn from_array(a: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2

Creates a new vector from an array.

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pub const fn to_array(&self) -> [f32; 2]

[x, y]

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pub const fn from_slice(slice: &[f32]) -> Vec2

Creates a vector from the first 2 values in slice.

§Panics

Panics if slice is less than 2 elements long.

source

pub fn write_to_slice(self, slice: &mut [f32])

Writes the elements of self to the first 2 elements in slice.

§Panics

Panics if slice is less than 2 elements long.

source

pub const fn extend(self, z: f32) -> Vec3

Creates a 3D vector from self and the given z value.

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pub fn dot(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Computes the dot product of self and rhs.

source

pub fn min(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the minimum values for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x.min(rhs.x), self.y.min(rhs.y), ..].

source

pub fn max(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the maximum values for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x.max(rhs.x), self.y.max(rhs.y), ..].

source

pub fn clamp(self, min: Vec2, max: Vec2) -> Vec2

Component-wise clamping of values, similar to f32::clamp.

Each element in min must be less-or-equal to the corresponding element in max.

§Panics

Will panic if min is greater than max when glam_assert is enabled.

source

pub fn min_element(self) -> f32

Returns the horizontal minimum of self.

In other words this computes min(x, y, ..).

source

pub fn max_element(self) -> f32

Returns the horizontal maximum of self.

In other words this computes max(x, y, ..).

source

pub fn cmpeq(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a == comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words, this computes [self.x == rhs.x, self.y == rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

source

pub fn cmpne(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a != comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x != rhs.x, self.y != rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

source

pub fn cmpge(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a >= comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x >= rhs.x, self.y >= rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

source

pub fn cmpgt(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a > comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x > rhs.x, self.y > rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

source

pub fn cmple(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a <= comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x <= rhs.x, self.y <= rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

source

pub fn cmplt(self, rhs: Vec2) -> BVec2

Returns a vector mask containing the result of a < comparison for each element of self and rhs.

In other words this computes [self.x < rhs.x, self.y < rhs.y, ..] for all elements.

source

pub fn abs(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the absolute value of each element of self.

source

pub fn signum(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with elements representing the sign of self.

  • 1.0 if the number is positive, +0.0 or INFINITY
  • -1.0 if the number is negative, -0.0 or NEG_INFINITY
  • NAN if the number is NAN
source

pub fn is_finite(self) -> bool

Returns true if, and only if, all elements are finite. If any element is either NaN, positive or negative infinity, this will return false.

source

pub fn is_nan(self) -> bool

Returns true if any elements are NaN.

source

pub fn is_nan_mask(self) -> BVec2

Performs is_nan on each element of self, returning a vector mask of the results.

In other words, this computes [x.is_nan(), y.is_nan(), z.is_nan(), w.is_nan()].

source

pub fn length(self) -> f32

Computes the length of self.

Examples found in repository?
examples/asteroids.rs (line 137)
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async fn main() {
    let mut ship = Ship {
        pos: Vec2::new(screen_width() / 2., screen_height() / 2.),
        rot: 0.,
        vel: Vec2::new(0., 0.),
    };

    let mut bullets = Vec::new();
    let mut last_shot = get_time();
    let mut asteroids = Vec::new();
    let mut gameover = false;

    let mut screen_center;

    loop {
        if gameover {
            clear_background(LIGHTGRAY);
            let mut text = "You Win!. Press [enter] to play again.";
            let font_size = 30.;

            if asteroids.len() > 0 {
                text = "Game Over. Press [enter] to play again.";
            }
            let text_size = measure_text(text, None, font_size as _, 1.0);
            draw_text(
                text,
                screen_width() / 2. - text_size.width / 2.,
                screen_height() / 2. - text_size.height / 2.,
                font_size,
                DARKGRAY,
            );
            if is_key_down(KeyCode::Enter) {
                ship = Ship {
                    pos: Vec2::new(screen_width() / 2., screen_height() / 2.),
                    rot: 0.,
                    vel: Vec2::new(0., 0.),
                };
                bullets = Vec::new();
                asteroids = Vec::new();
                gameover = false;
                screen_center = Vec2::new(screen_width() / 2., screen_height() / 2.);
                for _ in 0..10 {
                    asteroids.push(Asteroid {
                        pos: screen_center
                            + Vec2::new(rand::gen_range(-1., 1.), rand::gen_range(-1., 1.))
                                .normalize()
                                * screen_width().min(screen_height())
                                / 2.,
                        vel: Vec2::new(rand::gen_range(-1., 1.), rand::gen_range(-1., 1.)),
                        rot: 0.,
                        rot_speed: rand::gen_range(-2., 2.),
                        size: screen_width().min(screen_height()) / 10.,
                        sides: rand::gen_range(3, 8),
                        collided: false,
                    })
                }
            }
            next_frame().await;
            continue;
        }
        let frame_t = get_time();
        let rotation = ship.rot.to_radians();

        let mut acc = -ship.vel / 100.; // Friction

        // Forward
        if is_key_down(KeyCode::Up) {
            acc = Vec2::new(rotation.sin(), -rotation.cos()) / 3.;
        }

        // Shot
        if is_key_down(KeyCode::Space) && frame_t - last_shot > 0.5 {
            let rot_vec = Vec2::new(rotation.sin(), -rotation.cos());
            bullets.push(Bullet {
                pos: ship.pos + rot_vec * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
                vel: rot_vec * 7.,
                shot_at: frame_t,
                collided: false,
            });
            last_shot = frame_t;
        }

        // Steer
        if is_key_down(KeyCode::Right) {
            ship.rot += 5.;
        } else if is_key_down(KeyCode::Left) {
            ship.rot -= 5.;
        }

        // Euler integration
        ship.vel += acc;
        if ship.vel.length() > 5. {
            ship.vel = ship.vel.normalize() * 5.;
        }
        ship.pos += ship.vel;
        ship.pos = wrap_around(&ship.pos);

        // Move each bullet
        for bullet in bullets.iter_mut() {
            bullet.pos += bullet.vel;
        }

        // Move each asteroid
        for asteroid in asteroids.iter_mut() {
            asteroid.pos += asteroid.vel;
            asteroid.pos = wrap_around(&asteroid.pos);
            asteroid.rot += asteroid.rot_speed;
        }

        // Bullet lifetime
        bullets.retain(|bullet| bullet.shot_at + 1.5 > frame_t);

        let mut new_asteroids = Vec::new();
        for asteroid in asteroids.iter_mut() {
            // Asteroid/ship collision
            if (asteroid.pos - ship.pos).length() < asteroid.size + SHIP_HEIGHT / 3. {
                gameover = true;
                break;
            }

            // Asteroid/bullet collision
            for bullet in bullets.iter_mut() {
                if (asteroid.pos - bullet.pos).length() < asteroid.size {
                    asteroid.collided = true;
                    bullet.collided = true;

                    // Break the asteroid
                    if asteroid.sides > 3 {
                        new_asteroids.push(Asteroid {
                            pos: asteroid.pos,
                            vel: Vec2::new(bullet.vel.y, -bullet.vel.x).normalize()
                                * rand::gen_range(1., 3.),
                            rot: rand::gen_range(0., 360.),
                            rot_speed: rand::gen_range(-2., 2.),
                            size: asteroid.size * 0.8,
                            sides: asteroid.sides - 1,
                            collided: false,
                        });
                        new_asteroids.push(Asteroid {
                            pos: asteroid.pos,
                            vel: Vec2::new(-bullet.vel.y, bullet.vel.x).normalize()
                                * rand::gen_range(1., 3.),
                            rot: rand::gen_range(0., 360.),
                            rot_speed: rand::gen_range(-2., 2.),
                            size: asteroid.size * 0.8,
                            sides: asteroid.sides - 1,
                            collided: false,
                        })
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Remove the collided objects
        bullets.retain(|bullet| bullet.shot_at + 1.5 > frame_t && !bullet.collided);
        asteroids.retain(|asteroid| !asteroid.collided);
        asteroids.append(&mut new_asteroids);

        // You win?
        if asteroids.len() == 0 {
            gameover = true;
        }

        if gameover {
            continue;
        }

        clear_background(LIGHTGRAY);

        for bullet in bullets.iter() {
            draw_circle(bullet.pos.x, bullet.pos.y, 2., BLACK);
        }

        for asteroid in asteroids.iter() {
            draw_poly_lines(
                asteroid.pos.x,
                asteroid.pos.y,
                asteroid.sides,
                asteroid.size,
                asteroid.rot,
                2.,
                BLACK,
            )
        }

        let v1 = Vec2::new(
            ship.pos.x + rotation.sin() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
            ship.pos.y - rotation.cos() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
        );
        let v2 = Vec2::new(
            ship.pos.x - rotation.cos() * SHIP_BASE / 2. - rotation.sin() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
            ship.pos.y - rotation.sin() * SHIP_BASE / 2. + rotation.cos() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
        );
        let v3 = Vec2::new(
            ship.pos.x + rotation.cos() * SHIP_BASE / 2. - rotation.sin() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
            ship.pos.y + rotation.sin() * SHIP_BASE / 2. + rotation.cos() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
        );
        draw_triangle_lines(v1, v2, v3, 2., BLACK);

        next_frame().await
    }
}
source

pub fn length_squared(self) -> f32

Computes the squared length of self.

This is faster than length() as it avoids a square root operation.

source

pub fn length_recip(self) -> f32

Computes 1.0 / length().

For valid results, self must not be of length zero.

source

pub fn distance(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Computes the Euclidean distance between two points in space.

source

pub fn distance_squared(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Compute the squared euclidean distance between two points in space.

source

pub fn normalize(self) -> Vec2

Returns self normalized to length 1.0.

For valid results, self must not be of length zero, nor very close to zero.

See also Self::try_normalize and Self::normalize_or_zero.

Panics

Will panic if self is zero length when glam_assert is enabled.

Examples found in repository?
examples/asteroids.rs (line 91)
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async fn main() {
    let mut ship = Ship {
        pos: Vec2::new(screen_width() / 2., screen_height() / 2.),
        rot: 0.,
        vel: Vec2::new(0., 0.),
    };

    let mut bullets = Vec::new();
    let mut last_shot = get_time();
    let mut asteroids = Vec::new();
    let mut gameover = false;

    let mut screen_center;

    loop {
        if gameover {
            clear_background(LIGHTGRAY);
            let mut text = "You Win!. Press [enter] to play again.";
            let font_size = 30.;

            if asteroids.len() > 0 {
                text = "Game Over. Press [enter] to play again.";
            }
            let text_size = measure_text(text, None, font_size as _, 1.0);
            draw_text(
                text,
                screen_width() / 2. - text_size.width / 2.,
                screen_height() / 2. - text_size.height / 2.,
                font_size,
                DARKGRAY,
            );
            if is_key_down(KeyCode::Enter) {
                ship = Ship {
                    pos: Vec2::new(screen_width() / 2., screen_height() / 2.),
                    rot: 0.,
                    vel: Vec2::new(0., 0.),
                };
                bullets = Vec::new();
                asteroids = Vec::new();
                gameover = false;
                screen_center = Vec2::new(screen_width() / 2., screen_height() / 2.);
                for _ in 0..10 {
                    asteroids.push(Asteroid {
                        pos: screen_center
                            + Vec2::new(rand::gen_range(-1., 1.), rand::gen_range(-1., 1.))
                                .normalize()
                                * screen_width().min(screen_height())
                                / 2.,
                        vel: Vec2::new(rand::gen_range(-1., 1.), rand::gen_range(-1., 1.)),
                        rot: 0.,
                        rot_speed: rand::gen_range(-2., 2.),
                        size: screen_width().min(screen_height()) / 10.,
                        sides: rand::gen_range(3, 8),
                        collided: false,
                    })
                }
            }
            next_frame().await;
            continue;
        }
        let frame_t = get_time();
        let rotation = ship.rot.to_radians();

        let mut acc = -ship.vel / 100.; // Friction

        // Forward
        if is_key_down(KeyCode::Up) {
            acc = Vec2::new(rotation.sin(), -rotation.cos()) / 3.;
        }

        // Shot
        if is_key_down(KeyCode::Space) && frame_t - last_shot > 0.5 {
            let rot_vec = Vec2::new(rotation.sin(), -rotation.cos());
            bullets.push(Bullet {
                pos: ship.pos + rot_vec * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
                vel: rot_vec * 7.,
                shot_at: frame_t,
                collided: false,
            });
            last_shot = frame_t;
        }

        // Steer
        if is_key_down(KeyCode::Right) {
            ship.rot += 5.;
        } else if is_key_down(KeyCode::Left) {
            ship.rot -= 5.;
        }

        // Euler integration
        ship.vel += acc;
        if ship.vel.length() > 5. {
            ship.vel = ship.vel.normalize() * 5.;
        }
        ship.pos += ship.vel;
        ship.pos = wrap_around(&ship.pos);

        // Move each bullet
        for bullet in bullets.iter_mut() {
            bullet.pos += bullet.vel;
        }

        // Move each asteroid
        for asteroid in asteroids.iter_mut() {
            asteroid.pos += asteroid.vel;
            asteroid.pos = wrap_around(&asteroid.pos);
            asteroid.rot += asteroid.rot_speed;
        }

        // Bullet lifetime
        bullets.retain(|bullet| bullet.shot_at + 1.5 > frame_t);

        let mut new_asteroids = Vec::new();
        for asteroid in asteroids.iter_mut() {
            // Asteroid/ship collision
            if (asteroid.pos - ship.pos).length() < asteroid.size + SHIP_HEIGHT / 3. {
                gameover = true;
                break;
            }

            // Asteroid/bullet collision
            for bullet in bullets.iter_mut() {
                if (asteroid.pos - bullet.pos).length() < asteroid.size {
                    asteroid.collided = true;
                    bullet.collided = true;

                    // Break the asteroid
                    if asteroid.sides > 3 {
                        new_asteroids.push(Asteroid {
                            pos: asteroid.pos,
                            vel: Vec2::new(bullet.vel.y, -bullet.vel.x).normalize()
                                * rand::gen_range(1., 3.),
                            rot: rand::gen_range(0., 360.),
                            rot_speed: rand::gen_range(-2., 2.),
                            size: asteroid.size * 0.8,
                            sides: asteroid.sides - 1,
                            collided: false,
                        });
                        new_asteroids.push(Asteroid {
                            pos: asteroid.pos,
                            vel: Vec2::new(-bullet.vel.y, bullet.vel.x).normalize()
                                * rand::gen_range(1., 3.),
                            rot: rand::gen_range(0., 360.),
                            rot_speed: rand::gen_range(-2., 2.),
                            size: asteroid.size * 0.8,
                            sides: asteroid.sides - 1,
                            collided: false,
                        })
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Remove the collided objects
        bullets.retain(|bullet| bullet.shot_at + 1.5 > frame_t && !bullet.collided);
        asteroids.retain(|asteroid| !asteroid.collided);
        asteroids.append(&mut new_asteroids);

        // You win?
        if asteroids.len() == 0 {
            gameover = true;
        }

        if gameover {
            continue;
        }

        clear_background(LIGHTGRAY);

        for bullet in bullets.iter() {
            draw_circle(bullet.pos.x, bullet.pos.y, 2., BLACK);
        }

        for asteroid in asteroids.iter() {
            draw_poly_lines(
                asteroid.pos.x,
                asteroid.pos.y,
                asteroid.sides,
                asteroid.size,
                asteroid.rot,
                2.,
                BLACK,
            )
        }

        let v1 = Vec2::new(
            ship.pos.x + rotation.sin() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
            ship.pos.y - rotation.cos() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
        );
        let v2 = Vec2::new(
            ship.pos.x - rotation.cos() * SHIP_BASE / 2. - rotation.sin() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
            ship.pos.y - rotation.sin() * SHIP_BASE / 2. + rotation.cos() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
        );
        let v3 = Vec2::new(
            ship.pos.x + rotation.cos() * SHIP_BASE / 2. - rotation.sin() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
            ship.pos.y + rotation.sin() * SHIP_BASE / 2. + rotation.cos() * SHIP_HEIGHT / 2.,
        );
        draw_triangle_lines(v1, v2, v3, 2., BLACK);

        next_frame().await
    }
}
source

pub fn try_normalize(self) -> Option<Vec2>

Returns self normalized to length 1.0 if possible, else returns None.

In particular, if the input is zero (or very close to zero), or non-finite, the result of this operation will be None.

See also Self::normalize_or_zero.

source

pub fn normalize_or_zero(self) -> Vec2

Returns self normalized to length 1.0 if possible, else returns zero.

In particular, if the input is zero (or very close to zero), or non-finite, the result of this operation will be zero.

See also Self::try_normalize.

source

pub fn is_normalized(self) -> bool

Returns whether self is length 1.0 or not.

Uses a precision threshold of 1e-6.

source

pub fn project_onto(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector projection of self onto rhs.

rhs must be of non-zero length.

§Panics

Will panic if rhs is zero length when glam_assert is enabled.

source

pub fn reject_from(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector rejection of self from rhs.

The vector rejection is the vector perpendicular to the projection of self onto rhs, in rhs words the result of self - self.project_onto(rhs).

rhs must be of non-zero length.

§Panics

Will panic if rhs has a length of zero when glam_assert is enabled.

source

pub fn project_onto_normalized(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector projection of self onto rhs.

rhs must be normalized.

§Panics

Will panic if rhs is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn reject_from_normalized(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns the vector rejection of self from rhs.

The vector rejection is the vector perpendicular to the projection of self onto rhs, in rhs words the result of self - self.project_onto(rhs).

rhs must be normalized.

§Panics

Will panic if rhs is not normalized when glam_assert is enabled.

source

pub fn round(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the nearest integer to a number for each element of self. Round half-way cases away from 0.0.

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pub fn floor(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the largest integer less than or equal to a number for each element of self.

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pub fn ceil(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number for each element of self.

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pub fn fract(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the fractional part of the vector, e.g. self - self.floor().

Note that this is fast but not precise for large numbers.

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pub fn exp(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing e^self (the exponential function) for each element of self.

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pub fn powf(self, n: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing each element of self raised to the power of n.

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pub fn recip(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector containing the reciprocal 1.0/n of each element of self.

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pub fn lerp(self, rhs: Vec2, s: f32) -> Vec2

Performs a linear interpolation between self and rhs based on the value s.

When s is 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When s is 1.0, the result will be equal to rhs. When s is outside of range [0, 1], the result is linearly extrapolated.

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pub fn abs_diff_eq(self, rhs: Vec2, max_abs_diff: f32) -> bool

Returns true if the absolute difference of all elements between self and rhs is less than or equal to max_abs_diff.

This can be used to compare if two vectors contain similar elements. It works best when comparing with a known value. The max_abs_diff that should be used used depends on the values being compared against.

For more see comparing floating point numbers.

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pub fn clamp_length(self, min: f32, max: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with a length no less than min and no more than max

§Panics

Will panic if min is greater than max when glam_assert is enabled.

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pub fn clamp_length_max(self, max: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with a length no more than max

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pub fn clamp_length_min(self, min: f32) -> Vec2

Returns a vector with a length no less than min

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pub fn mul_add(self, a: Vec2, b: Vec2) -> Vec2

Fused multiply-add. Computes (self * a) + b element-wise with only one rounding error, yielding a more accurate result than an unfused multiply-add.

Using mul_add may be more performant than an unfused multiply-add if the target architecture has a dedicated fma CPU instruction. However, this is not always true, and will be heavily dependant on designing algorithms with specific target hardware in mind.

source

pub fn from_angle(angle: f32) -> Vec2

Creates a 2D vector containing [angle.cos(), angle.sin()]. This can be used in conjunction with the rotate method, e.g. Vec2::from_angle(PI).rotate(Vec2::Y) will create the vector [-1, 0] and rotate Vec2::Y around it returning -Vec2::Y.

source

pub fn angle_between(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

Returns the angle (in radians) between self and rhs.

The input vectors do not need to be unit length however they must be non-zero.

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pub fn perp(self) -> Vec2

Returns a vector that is equal to self rotated by 90 degrees.

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pub fn perp_dot(self, rhs: Vec2) -> f32

The perpendicular dot product of self and rhs. Also known as the wedge product, 2D cross product, and determinant.

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pub fn rotate(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Returns rhs rotated by the angle of self. If self is normalized, then this just rotation. This is what you usually want. Otherwise, it will be like a rotation with a multiplication by self’s length.

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pub fn as_dvec2(&self) -> DVec2

Casts all elements of self to f64.

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pub fn as_ivec2(&self) -> IVec2

Casts all elements of self to i32.

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pub fn as_uvec2(&self) -> UVec2

Casts all elements of self to u32.

Trait Implementations§

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impl Add<f32> for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.
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fn add(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation. Read more
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impl Add for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the + operator.
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fn add(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the + operation. Read more
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impl AddAssign<f32> for Vec2

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fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the += operation. Read more
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impl AddAssign for Vec2

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fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the += operation. Read more
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impl AsMut<[f32; 2]> for Vec2

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fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [f32; 2]

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl AsRef<[f32; 2]> for Vec2

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fn as_ref(&self) -> &[f32; 2]

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl Clone for Vec2

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fn clone(&self) -> Vec2

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
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fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl Debug for Vec2

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fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Default for Vec2

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fn default() -> Vec2

Returns the “default value” for a type. Read more
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impl Display for Vec2

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Div<f32> for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.
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fn div(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation. Read more
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impl Div for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the / operator.
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fn div(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the / operation. Read more
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impl DivAssign<f32> for Vec2

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fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the /= operation. Read more
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impl DivAssign for Vec2

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fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the /= operation. Read more
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impl From<[f32; 2]> for Vec2

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fn from(a: [f32; 2]) -> Vec2

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<(f32, f32)> for Vec2

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fn from(t: (f32, f32)) -> Vec2

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl Index<usize> for Vec2

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type Output = f32

The returned type after indexing.
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fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &<Vec2 as Index<usize>>::Output

Performs the indexing (container[index]) operation. Read more
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impl IndexMut<usize> for Vec2

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fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut <Vec2 as Index<usize>>::Output

Performs the mutable indexing (container[index]) operation. Read more
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impl Mul<Vec2> for Mat2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.
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fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> <Mat2 as Mul<Vec2>>::Output

Performs the * operation. Read more
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impl Mul<f32> for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.
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fn mul(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation. Read more
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impl Mul for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.
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fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the * operation. Read more
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impl MulAssign<f32> for Vec2

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fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the *= operation. Read more
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impl MulAssign for Vec2

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fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the *= operation. Read more
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impl Neg for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.
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fn neg(self) -> Vec2

Performs the unary - operation. Read more
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impl PartialEq for Vec2

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fn eq(&self, other: &Vec2) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.
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fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
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impl<'a> Product<&'a Vec2> for Vec2

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fn product<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2
where I: Iterator<Item = &'a Vec2>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by multiplying the items.
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impl Rem<f32> for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.
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fn rem(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation. Read more
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impl Rem for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the % operator.
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fn rem(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the % operation. Read more
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impl RemAssign<f32> for Vec2

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fn rem_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the %= operation. Read more
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impl RemAssign for Vec2

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fn rem_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the %= operation. Read more
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impl Sub<f32> for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.
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fn sub(self, rhs: f32) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation. Read more
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impl Sub for Vec2

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type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the - operator.
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fn sub(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Vec2

Performs the - operation. Read more
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impl SubAssign<f32> for Vec2

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fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: f32)

Performs the -= operation. Read more
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impl SubAssign for Vec2

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fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Vec2)

Performs the -= operation. Read more
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impl<'a> Sum<&'a Vec2> for Vec2

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fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Vec2
where I: Iterator<Item = &'a Vec2>,

Method which takes an iterator and generates Self from the elements by “summing up” the items.
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impl Vec2Swizzles for Vec2

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type Vec3 = Vec3

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type Vec4 = Vec4

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fn xx(self) -> Vec2

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fn xy(self) -> Vec2

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fn yx(self) -> Vec2

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fn yy(self) -> Vec2

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fn xxx(self) -> Vec3

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fn xxy(self) -> Vec3

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fn xyx(self) -> Vec3

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fn xyy(self) -> Vec3

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fn yxx(self) -> Vec3

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fn yxy(self) -> Vec3

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fn yyx(self) -> Vec3

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fn yyy(self) -> Vec3

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fn xxxx(self) -> Vec4

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fn xxxy(self) -> Vec4

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fn xxyx(self) -> Vec4

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fn xxyy(self) -> Vec4

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fn xyxx(self) -> Vec4

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fn xyxy(self) -> Vec4

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fn xyyx(self) -> Vec4

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fn xyyy(self) -> Vec4

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fn yxxx(self) -> Vec4

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fn yxxy(self) -> Vec4

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fn yxyx(self) -> Vec4

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fn yxyy(self) -> Vec4

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fn yyxx(self) -> Vec4

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fn yyxy(self) -> Vec4

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fn yyyx(self) -> Vec4

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fn yyyy(self) -> Vec4

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impl Copy for Vec2

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impl StructuralPartialEq for Vec2

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl RefUnwindSafe for Vec2

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impl Send for Vec2

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impl Sync for Vec2

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impl Unpin for Vec2

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impl UnwindSafe for Vec2

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<S> FromSample<S> for S

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fn from_sample_(s: S) -> S

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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T, U> ToSample<U> for T
where U: FromSample<T>,

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fn to_sample_(self) -> U

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impl<T> ToString for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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default fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<S, T> Duplex<S> for T
where T: FromSample<S> + ToSample<S>,

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impl<T, Rhs> NumAssignOps<Rhs> for T
where T: AddAssign<Rhs> + SubAssign<Rhs> + MulAssign<Rhs> + DivAssign<Rhs> + RemAssign<Rhs>,

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impl<T, Rhs, Output> NumOps<Rhs, Output> for T
where T: Sub<Rhs, Output = Output> + Mul<Rhs, Output = Output> + Div<Rhs, Output = Output> + Add<Rhs, Output = Output> + Rem<Rhs, Output = Output>,