pub trait Display {
// Required method
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>;
}Expand description
Format trait for an empty format, {}.
Implementing this trait for a type will automatically implement the
ToString trait for the type, allowing the usage
of the .to_string() method. Prefer implementing
the Display trait for a type, rather than ToString.
Display is similar to Debug, but Display is for user-facing
output, and so cannot be derived.
For more information on formatters, see the module-level documentation.
§Completeness and parseability
Display for a type might not necessarily be a lossless or complete representation of the type.
It may omit internal state, precision, or other information the type does not consider important
for user-facing output, as determined by the type. As such, the output of Display might not be
possible to parse, and even if it is, the result of parsing might not exactly match the original
value.
However, if a type has a lossless Display implementation whose output is meant to be
conveniently machine-parseable and not just meant for human consumption, then the type may wish
to accept the same format in FromStr, and document that usage. Having both Display and
FromStr implementations where the result of Display cannot be parsed with FromStr may
surprise users.
§Internationalization
Because a type can only have one Display implementation, it is often preferable
to only implement Display when there is a single most “obvious” way that
values can be formatted as text. This could mean formatting according to the
“invariant” culture and “undefined” locale, or it could mean that the type
display is designed for a specific culture/locale, such as developer logs.
If not all values have a justifiably canonical textual format or if you want
to support alternative formats not covered by the standard set of possible
formatting traits, the most flexible approach is display adapters: methods
like str::escape_default or Path::display which create a wrapper
implementing Display to output the specific display format.
§Examples
Implementing Display on a type:
use std::fmt;
struct Point {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
impl fmt::Display for Point {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
}
}
let origin = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };
assert_eq!(format!("The origin is: {origin}"), "The origin is: (0, 0)");Required Methods§
1.0.0 · Sourcefn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>
Formats the value using the given formatter.
§Errors
This function should return Err if, and only if, the provided Formatter returns Err.
String formatting is considered an infallible operation; this function only
returns a Result because writing to the underlying stream might fail and it must
provide a way to propagate the fact that an error has occurred back up the stack.
§Examples
use std::fmt;
struct Position {
longitude: f32,
latitude: f32,
}
impl fmt::Display for Position {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
write!(f, "({}, {})", self.longitude, self.latitude)
}
}
assert_eq!(
"(1.987, 2.983)",
format!("{}", Position { longitude: 1.987, latitude: 2.983, }),
);Implementors§
impl Display for AcmDetailsAcmType
impl Display for AlertLevel
impl Display for AlternateIdType
impl Display for ClassificationInformationLevel
impl Display for ComponentHealthHealth
impl Display for ComponentMessageStatus
impl Display for ControlAreaDetailsType
impl Display for CorrelationMetadataReplicationMode
impl Display for CorrelationMetadataType
impl Display for EchelonArmyEchelon
impl Display for EntityEventEventType
impl Display for FieldOfViewMode
impl Display for GeoDetailsType
impl Display for HealthConnectionStatus
impl Display for HealthHealthStatus
impl Display for LlaAltitudeReference
impl Display for MediaItemType
impl Display for MilViewDisposition
impl Display for MilViewEnvironment
impl Display for MilViewNationality
impl Display for Mode5Mode5InterrogationResponse
impl Display for GetObjectRequestAcceptEncoding
impl Display for OntologyTemplate
impl Display for OrbitMeanElementsMetadataMeanElementTheory
impl Display for OrbitMeanElementsMetadataRefFrame
impl Display for OverrideStatus
impl Display for OverrideType
impl Display for PayloadConfigurationEffectiveEnvironmentItem
impl Display for PayloadConfigurationPayloadOperationalState
impl Display for PowerSourcePowerStatus
impl Display for PowerSourcePowerType
impl Display for ScanCharacteristicsScanType
impl Display for ScheduleScheduleType
impl Display for SensorOperationalState
impl Display for SensorSensorType
impl Display for TaskErrorCode
impl Display for TaskStatusStatus
impl Display for TaskQueryStatusFilterStatus
impl Display for TransponderCodesMode4InterrogationResponse
impl Display for QueryBuilderError
impl Display for ApiError
impl Display for lattice_sdk::prelude::Value
impl Display for AsciiChar
impl Display for Infallible
impl Display for FromBytesWithNulError
impl Display for IpAddr
impl Display for SocketAddr
impl Display for core::slice::GetDisjointMutError
impl Display for VarError
impl Display for std::fs::TryLockError
impl Display for ErrorKind
impl Display for RecvTimeoutError
impl Display for std::sync::mpsc::TryRecvError
impl Display for ParseAlphabetError
impl Display for DecodeError
impl Display for DecodeSliceError
impl Display for EncodeSliceError
impl Display for RoundingError
impl Display for Weekday
impl Display for httparse::Error
impl Display for GetTimezoneError
impl Display for InvalidStringList
impl Display for icu_collections::codepointtrie::error::Error
impl Display for icu_locale_core::parser::errors::ParseError
impl Display for PreferencesParseError
impl Display for DataErrorKind
impl Display for indexmap::GetDisjointMutError
impl Display for IpNet
impl Display for log::Level
impl Display for log::LevelFilter
impl Display for EventError
impl Display for EventSourceError
impl Display for rustls_pki_types::pem::Error
impl Display for serde_urlencoded::ser::Error
impl Display for slab::GetDisjointMutError
impl Display for CollectionAllocErr
impl Display for tinystr::error::ParseError
impl Display for AnyDelimiterCodecError
impl Display for LinesCodecError
impl Display for TryAcquireError
impl Display for tokio::sync::broadcast::error::RecvError
impl Display for tokio::sync::broadcast::error::TryRecvError
impl Display for tokio::sync::mpsc::error::TryRecvError
impl Display for tokio::sync::oneshot::error::TryRecvError
impl Display for ServerErrorsFailureClass
impl Display for GrpcFailureClass
impl Display for StatusInRangeFailureClass
impl Display for url::parser::ParseError
impl Display for SyntaxViolation
impl Display for uuid::Variant
impl Display for ZeroTrieBuildError
impl Display for UleError
impl Display for bool
impl Display for char
impl Display for f16
impl Display for f32
impl Display for f64
impl Display for i8
impl Display for i16
impl Display for i32
impl Display for i64
impl Display for i128
impl Display for isize
impl Display for !
impl Display for str
impl Display for u8
impl Display for u16
impl Display for u32
impl Display for u64
impl Display for u128
impl Display for usize
impl Display for NaiveDate
The Display output of the naive date d is the same as
d.format("%Y-%m-%d").
The string printed can be readily parsed via the parse method on str.
§Example
use chrono::NaiveDate;
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap()), "2015-09-05");
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(0, 1, 1).unwrap()), "0000-01-01");
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(9999, 12, 31).unwrap()), "9999-12-31");ISO 8601 requires an explicit sign for years before 1 BCE or after 9999 CE.
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-1, 1, 1).unwrap()), "-0001-01-01");
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(10000, 12, 31).unwrap()), "+10000-12-31");impl Display for NaiveDateTime
The Display output of the naive date and time dt is the same as
dt.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f").
It should be noted that, for leap seconds not on the minute boundary, it may print a representation not distinguishable from non-leap seconds. This doesn’t matter in practice, since such leap seconds never happened. (By the time of the first leap second on 1972-06-30, every time zone offset around the world has standardized to the 5-minute alignment.)
§Example
use chrono::NaiveDate;
let dt = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 11, 15).unwrap().and_hms_opt(7, 39, 24).unwrap();
assert_eq!(format!("{}", dt), "2016-11-15 07:39:24");Leap seconds may also be used.
let dt =
NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 30).unwrap().and_hms_milli_opt(23, 59, 59, 1_500).unwrap();
assert_eq!(format!("{}", dt), "2015-06-30 23:59:60.500");impl Display for Utc
impl Display for Uuid
impl Display for ByteString
impl Display for UnorderedKeyError
impl Display for alloc::collections::TryReserveError
impl Display for FromVecWithNulError
impl Display for IntoStringError
impl Display for NulError
impl Display for FromUtf8Error
impl Display for FromUtf16Error
impl Display for String
impl Display for LayoutError
impl Display for AllocError
impl Display for TryFromSliceError
impl Display for core::ascii::EscapeDefault
impl Display for ByteStr
impl Display for BorrowError
impl Display for BorrowMutError
impl Display for CharTryFromError
impl Display for ParseCharError
impl Display for DecodeUtf16Error
impl Display for core::char::EscapeDebug
impl Display for core::char::EscapeDefault
impl Display for core::char::EscapeUnicode
impl Display for ToLowercase
impl Display for ToUppercase
impl Display for TryFromCharError
impl Display for FromBytesUntilNulError
impl Display for Ipv4Addr
impl Display for Ipv6Addr
Writes an Ipv6Addr, conforming to the canonical style described by RFC 5952.
impl Display for core::net::parser::AddrParseError
impl Display for SocketAddrV4
impl Display for SocketAddrV6
impl Display for core::num::dec2flt::ParseFloatError
impl Display for ParseIntError
impl Display for TryFromIntError
impl Display for Location<'_>
impl Display for PanicInfo<'_>
impl Display for PanicMessage<'_>
impl Display for ParseBoolError
impl Display for Utf8Error
impl Display for TryFromFloatSecsError
impl Display for Backtrace
impl Display for JoinPathsError
impl Display for std::ffi::os_str::Display<'_>
impl Display for WriterPanicked
impl Display for std::io::error::Error
impl Display for PanicHookInfo<'_>
impl Display for std::path::Display<'_>
impl Display for NormalizeError
impl Display for StripPrefixError
impl Display for ExitStatus
impl Display for ExitStatusError
impl Display for std::sync::mpsc::RecvError
impl Display for WouldBlock
impl Display for AccessError
impl Display for SystemTimeError
impl Display for bitflags::parser::ParseError
impl Display for TryGetError
impl Display for chrono::format::ParseError
impl Display for ParseMonthError
impl Display for NaiveTime
The Display output of the naive time t is the same as
t.format("%H:%M:%S%.f").
The string printed can be readily parsed via the parse method on str.
It should be noted that, for leap seconds not on the minute boundary, it may print a representation not distinguishable from non-leap seconds. This doesn’t matter in practice, since such leap seconds never happened. (By the time of the first leap second on 1972-06-30, every time zone offset around the world has standardized to the 5-minute alignment.)
§Example
use chrono::NaiveTime;
assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_opt(23, 56, 4).unwrap()), "23:56:04");
assert_eq!(
format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_milli_opt(23, 56, 4, 12).unwrap()),
"23:56:04.012"
);
assert_eq!(
format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_micro_opt(23, 56, 4, 1234).unwrap()),
"23:56:04.001234"
);
assert_eq!(
format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_nano_opt(23, 56, 4, 123456).unwrap()),
"23:56:04.000123456"
);Leap seconds may also be used.
assert_eq!(
format!("{}", NaiveTime::from_hms_milli_opt(6, 59, 59, 1_500).unwrap()),
"06:59:60.500"
);impl Display for FixedOffset
impl Display for OutOfRange
impl Display for OutOfRangeError
impl Display for TimeDelta
impl Display for ParseWeekdayError
impl Display for WeekdaySet
Print the collection as a slice-like list of weekdays.
§Example
use chrono::Weekday::*;
assert_eq!("[]", WeekdaySet::EMPTY.to_string());
assert_eq!("[Mon]", WeekdaySet::single(Mon).to_string());
assert_eq!("[Mon, Fri, Sun]", WeekdaySet::from_array([Mon, Fri, Sun]).to_string());impl Display for futures_channel::mpsc::SendError
impl Display for futures_channel::mpsc::TryRecvError
impl Display for Canceled
impl Display for EnterError
impl Display for SpawnError
impl Display for Aborted
impl Display for h2::error::Error
impl Display for Reason
impl Display for LengthLimitError
impl Display for http::error::Error
impl Display for MaxSizeReached
impl Display for HeaderName
impl Display for InvalidHeaderName
impl Display for InvalidHeaderValue
impl Display for ToStrError
impl Display for InvalidMethod
impl Display for Method
impl Display for InvalidStatusCode
impl Display for StatusCode
Formats the status code, including the canonical reason.
§Example
assert_eq!(format!("{}", StatusCode::OK), "200 OK");impl Display for Authority
impl Display for PathAndQuery
impl Display for Scheme
impl Display for InvalidUri
impl Display for InvalidUriParts
impl Display for Uri
impl Display for InvalidChunkSize
impl Display for hyper_util::client::legacy::client::Error
impl Display for InvalidNameError
impl Display for hyper_util::client::legacy::connect::dns::Name
impl Display for hyper::error::Error
impl Display for InvalidSetError
impl Display for RangeError
impl Display for DataLocale
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Other
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for icu_locale_core::extensions::private::other::Subtag
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Private
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Fields
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for icu_locale_core::extensions::transform::key::Key
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Transform
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for icu_locale_core::extensions::transform::value::Value
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Attribute
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Attributes
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for icu_locale_core::extensions::unicode::key::Key
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Keywords
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Unicode
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for SubdivisionId
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for SubdivisionSuffix
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for icu_locale_core::extensions::unicode::value::Value
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for LanguageIdentifier
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Locale
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Language
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Region
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Script
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for icu_locale_core::subtags::Subtag
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for icu_locale_core::subtags::variant::Variant
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for Variants
This trait is implemented for compatibility with fmt!.
To create a string, [Writeable::write_to_string] is usually more efficient.
impl Display for DataError
impl Display for DataIdentifierBorrowed<'_>
impl Display for Errors
impl Display for indexmap::TryReserveError
impl Display for Ipv4Net
impl Display for Ipv6Net
impl Display for PrefixLenError
impl Display for ipnet::parser::AddrParseError
impl Display for CapacityOverflowError
impl Display for iri_string::normalize::error::Error
impl Display for iri_string::template::error::Error
impl Display for UriTemplateString
impl Display for UriTemplateStr
impl Display for iri_string::validate::Error
impl Display for log::ParseLevelError
impl Display for SetLoggerError
impl Display for FromStrError
impl Display for Mime
impl Display for native_tls::Error
impl Display for num_traits::ParseFloatError
impl Display for Asn1GeneralizedTimeRef
impl Display for Asn1ObjectRef
impl Display for Asn1TimeRef
impl Display for BigNum
impl Display for BigNumRef
impl Display for openssl::error::Error
impl Display for ErrorStack
impl Display for openssl::ssl::error::Error
impl Display for OpensslString
impl Display for OpensslStringRef
impl Display for X509VerifyResult
impl Display for FloatIsNan
impl Display for PercentEncode<'_>
impl Display for reqwest::error::Error
impl Display for rustls_pki_types::server_name::AddrParseError
impl Display for InvalidDnsNameError
impl Display for serde_core::de::value::Error
impl Display for serde_json::error::Error
impl Display for Number
impl Display for tokio_stream::stream_ext::timeout::Elapsed
impl Display for LengthDelimitedCodecError
impl Display for tokio::net::tcp::split_owned::ReuniteError
impl Display for tokio::net::unix::split_owned::ReuniteError
impl Display for TryCurrentError
impl Display for JoinError
impl Display for Id
impl Display for AcquireError
impl Display for tokio::sync::mutex::TryLockError
impl Display for tokio::sync::oneshot::error::RecvError
impl Display for tokio::sync::watch::error::RecvError
impl Display for tokio::time::error::Elapsed
impl Display for tokio::time::error::Error
impl Display for InvalidBackoff
impl Display for tower::timeout::error::Elapsed
impl Display for None
impl Display for SetGlobalDefaultError
impl Display for Field
impl Display for FieldSet
impl Display for ValueSet<'_>
impl Display for tracing_core::metadata::Level
impl Display for tracing_core::metadata::LevelFilter
impl Display for tracing_core::metadata::ParseLevelError
impl Display for ParseLevelFilterError
impl Display for Url
Display the serialization of this URL.