Struct garage_table::crdt::LWW [−][src]
Last Write Win (LWW)
An LWW CRDT associates a timestamp with a value, in order to implement a time-based reconciliation rule: the most recent write wins. For completeness, the LWW reconciliation rule must also be defined for two LWW CRDTs with the same timestamp but different values.
In our case, we add the constraint that the value that is wrapped inside the LWW CRDT must
itself be a CRDT: in the case when the timestamp does not allow us to decide on which value to
keep, the merge rule of the inner CRDT is applied on the wrapped values. (Note that all types
that implement the Ord
trait get a default CRDT implemetnation that keeps the maximum value.
This enables us to use LWW directly with primitive data types such as numbers or strings. It is
generally desirable in this case to never explicitly produce LWW values with the same timestamp
but different inner values, as the rule to keep the maximum value isn’t generally the desired
semantics.)
As multiple computers clocks are always desynchronized, when operations are close enough, it is equivalent to take one copy and drop the other one.
Given that clocks are not too desynchronized, this assumption is enough for most cases, as there is few chance that two humans coordonate themself faster than the time difference between two NTP servers.
As a more concret example, let’s suppose you want to upload a file with the same key (path) in the same bucket at the very same time. For each request, the file will be timestamped by the receiving server and may differ from what you observed with your atomic clock!
This scheme is used by AWS S3 or Soundcloud and often without knowing in entreprise when reconciliating databases with ad-hoc scripts.
Implementations
impl<T> LWW<T> where
T: CRDT,
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T: CRDT,
pub fn new(value: T) -> Self
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Creates a new CRDT
CRDT’s internal timestamp is set with current node’s clock.
pub fn migrate_from_raw(ts: u64, value: T) -> Self
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Build a new CRDT from a previous non-compatible one
Compared to new, the CRDT’s timestamp is not set to now but must be set to the previous, non-compatible, CRDT’s timestamp.
pub fn update(&mut self, new_value: T)
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Update the LWW CRDT while keeping some causal ordering.
The timestamp of the LWW CRDT is updated to be the current node’s clock at time of update, or the previous timestamp + 1 if that’s bigger, so that the new timestamp is always strictly larger than the previous one. This ensures that merging the update with the old value will result in keeping the updated value.
pub fn get(&self) -> &T
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Get the CRDT value
pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
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Get a mutable reference to the CRDT’s value
This is usefull to mutate the inside value without changing the LWW timestamp. When such mutation is done, the merge between two LWW values is done using the inner CRDT’s merge operation. This is usefull in the case where the inner CRDT is a large data type, such as a map, and we only want to change a single item in the map. To do this, we can produce a “CRDT delta”, i.e. a LWW that contains only the modification. This delta consists in a LWW with the same timestamp, and the map inside only contains the updated value. The advantage of such a delta is that it is much smaller than the whole map.
Avoid using this if the inner data type is a primitive type such as a number or a string,
as you will then rely on the merge function defined on Ord
types by keeping the maximum
of both values.
Trait Implementations
impl<T> CRDT for LWW<T> where
T: Clone + CRDT,
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T: Clone + CRDT,
impl<T: Clone> Clone for LWW<T>
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impl<T: Debug> Debug for LWW<T>
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impl<'de, T> Deserialize<'de> for LWW<T> where
T: Deserialize<'de>,
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T: Deserialize<'de>,
fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> Result<Self, __D::Error> where
__D: Deserializer<'de>,
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__D: Deserializer<'de>,
impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq<LWW<T>> for LWW<T>
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impl<T> Serialize for LWW<T> where
T: Serialize,
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T: Serialize,
fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error> where
__S: Serializer,
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__S: Serializer,
impl<T> StructuralPartialEq for LWW<T>
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Auto Trait Implementations
impl<T> RefUnwindSafe for LWW<T> where
T: RefUnwindSafe,
T: RefUnwindSafe,
impl<T> Send for LWW<T> where
T: Send,
T: Send,
impl<T> Sync for LWW<T> where
T: Sync,
T: Sync,
impl<T> Unpin for LWW<T> where
T: Unpin,
T: Unpin,
impl<T> UnwindSafe for LWW<T> where
T: UnwindSafe,
T: UnwindSafe,
Blanket Implementations
impl<T> Any for T where
T: 'static + ?Sized,
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T: 'static + ?Sized,
impl<T> Borrow<T> for T where
T: ?Sized,
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T: ?Sized,
impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T where
T: ?Sized,
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T: ?Sized,
pub fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
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impl<T> DeserializeOwned for T where
T: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>,
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T: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>,
impl<T> From<T> for T
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impl<T> Instrument for T
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pub fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>
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pub fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>
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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T where
U: From<T>,
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U: From<T>,
impl<T> Pointable for T
pub const ALIGN: usize
type Init = T
The type for initializers.
pub unsafe fn init(init: <T as Pointable>::Init) -> usize
pub unsafe fn deref<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a T
pub unsafe fn deref_mut<'a>(ptr: usize) -> &'a mut T
pub unsafe fn drop(ptr: usize)
impl<T> Same<T> for T
type Output = T
Should always be Self
impl<T> ToOwned for T where
T: Clone,
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T: Clone,
type Owned = T
The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
pub fn to_owned(&self) -> T
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pub fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T where
U: Into<T>,
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U: Into<T>,
type Error = Infallible
The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
pub fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T where
U: TryFrom<T>,
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U: TryFrom<T>,
type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error
The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
pub fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>
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impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T where
V: MultiLane<T>,
V: MultiLane<T>,