Struct Interactive 

pub struct Interactive { /* private fields */ }

Base class for objects that raise routed events.

Implementations

impl Interactive

pub const TYPE: &'static TypeInfo = <Interactive as crate::StaticType>::TYPE

The runtime type of this class.

pub fn to_ref(&self) -> Ref<Interactive>

Returns a strong reference to this object.

impl Interactive

pub fn interactive_parent(&self) -> Option<Ref<Interactive>>

The interactive parent of the object for bubbling and tunneling events. By default this is the visual parent, when it is an interactive.

impl Interactive

pub const DEFAULT_ROUTES: RoutingStrategies

The routes a handler listens to unless specified otherwise: the direct and bubble routes.

pub fn construct() -> Self

Creates the class data; see crate::FerroObject::construct.

pub fn new() -> Ref<Self>

pub fn add_handler<TEventArgs: IRoutedEventArgs>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, handler: impl Fn(&Interactive, &TEventArgs) + 'static, ) -> RoutedEventHandlerToken

Adds a handler for a routed event, listening to the direct and bubble routes of unhandled events.

Returns a token for remove_handler.

pub fn add_handler_with<TEventArgs: IRoutedEventArgs>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, handler: impl Fn(&Interactive, &TEventArgs) + 'static, routes: RoutingStrategies, handled_events_too: bool, ) -> RoutedEventHandlerToken

Adds a handler for a routed event.

routes selects the routing strategies to listen to, and handled_events_too whether the handler is also invoked for events that are already handled. The handler receives the element it is attached to and the event args.

pub fn add_handler_as<THandlerArgs: IRoutedEventArgs, TEventArgs: ?Sized>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, handler: impl Fn(&Interactive, &THandlerArgs) + 'static, routes: RoutingStrategies, handled_events_too: bool, ) -> RoutedEventHandlerToken

Adds a handler written against args type THandlerArgs to any routed event whose args type is THandlerArgs or derives from it.

This is how a handler taking the base RoutedEventArgs is attached to an event with more specific args, and how handlers are attached to an untyped RoutedEvent.

Panics if the event’s args type does not derive from THandlerArgs.

pub fn add_handler_untyped<TEventArgs: ?Sized>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, handler: MarkupDelegate, routes: RoutingStrategies, handled_events_too: bool, ) -> RoutedEventHandlerToken

Adds an untyped handler for a routed event: what markup attaches for an event attribute.

The handler is called with two untyped values: the element it is attached to (a Ref<Interactive>) and a shared handle to the event args (an Rc<dyn IRoutedEventArgs>, see IRoutedEventArgs::share). The handle refers to the live args: marking it as handled marks the event as handled for the handlers further along the route.

pub fn add_route_handler<TEventArgs: ?Sized>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, handler: RouteHandler, routes: RoutingStrategies, handled_events_too: bool, ) -> RoutedEventHandlerToken

Adds an already adapted handler for a routed event.

pub fn remove_handler<TEventArgs: ?Sized>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, handler: RoutedEventHandlerToken, ) -> bool

Removes a handler for a routed event. Returns whether the handler was attached.

pub fn raise_event(&self, e: &dyn IRoutedEventArgs)

Raises a routed event.

Panics if the args have no routed event.

pub fn build_event_route<TEventArgs: ?Sized>( &self, e: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, ) -> EventRoute

Builds an event route for a routed event: the handlers the event would visit if raised on this object, in bubbling order.

impl Interactive

pub fn add_disposable_handler<TEventArgs: IRoutedEventArgs>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, handler: impl Fn(&Interactive, &TEventArgs) + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Adds a handler for a routed event (direct and bubble routes, unhandled events) and returns a disposable that removes the handler when disposed.

pub fn add_disposable_handler_with<TEventArgs: IRoutedEventArgs>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, handler: impl Fn(&Interactive, &TEventArgs) + 'static, routes: RoutingStrategies, handled_events_too: bool, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Adds a handler for a routed event and returns a disposable that removes the handler when disposed.

pub fn get_interactive_parent(&self) -> Option<Ref<Interactive>>

The interactive parent of the object for bubbling and tunneling events.

pub fn get_observable<TEventArgs: IRoutedEventArgs + Clone>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, ) -> Rc<dyn IObservable<TEventArgs>>

Gets an observable for a routed event (direct and bubble routes, unhandled events).

See get_observable_with.

pub fn get_observable_with<TEventArgs: IRoutedEventArgs + Clone>( &self, routed_event: &RoutedEvent<TEventArgs>, routes: RoutingStrategies, handled_events_too: bool, ) -> Rc<dyn IObservable<TEventArgs>>

Gets an observable for a routed event.

Observers receive a copy of the args of every raise. The copy reflects the routing state at the time of the notification; marking the copy as handled does not affect the event being routed. Use a handler for that.

Methods from Deref<Target = Layoutable>

pub fn to_ref(&self) -> Ref<Layoutable>

Returns a strong reference to this object.

pub fn apply_template(&self)

Creates the visual children of the control, if necessary.

pub fn measure_core(&self, available_size: Size) -> Size

The default implementation of the control’s measure pass.

This calculates the desired size taking into account the control’s margin and min/max/explicit size, and calls measure_override for the content. Usually measure_override is what you want to override.

pub fn measure_override(&self, available_size: Size) -> Size

Measures the control and its child elements as part of a layout pass. Returns the size the control would like to be.

pub fn arrange_core(&self, final_rect: Rect)

The default implementation of the control’s arrange pass.

This calculates the final bounds taking into account the control’s margin, alignment and size constraints, and calls arrange_override for the content. Usually arrange_override is what you want to override.

pub fn arrange_override(&self, final_size: Size) -> Size

Positions child elements as part of a layout pass. Returns the size used.

pub fn on_measure_invalidated(&self)

Called by invalidate_measure.

pub fn effective_viewport_changed( &self, handler: impl Fn(&EffectiveViewportChangedEventArgs) + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Occurs when the element’s effective viewport changes.

pub fn layout_updated( &self, handler: impl Fn() + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Occurs when a layout pass completes for the control.

pub fn update_layout(&self)

Executes a layout pass.

You should not usually need to call this method explicitly: the layout manager schedules layout passes itself.

pub fn width(&self) -> f64

The width of the element.

pub fn set_width(&self, value: f64)

pub fn height(&self) -> f64

The height of the element.

pub fn set_height(&self, value: f64)

pub fn min_width(&self) -> f64

The minimum width of the element.

pub fn set_min_width(&self, value: f64)

pub fn max_width(&self) -> f64

The maximum width of the element.

pub fn set_max_width(&self, value: f64)

pub fn min_height(&self) -> f64

The minimum height of the element.

pub fn set_min_height(&self, value: f64)

pub fn max_height(&self) -> f64

The maximum height of the element.

pub fn set_max_height(&self, value: f64)

pub fn margin(&self) -> Thickness

The margin around the element.

pub fn set_margin(&self, value: Thickness)

pub fn horizontal_alignment(&self) -> HorizontalAlignment

The element’s preferred horizontal alignment in its parent.

pub fn set_horizontal_alignment(&self, value: HorizontalAlignment)

pub fn vertical_alignment(&self) -> VerticalAlignment

The element’s preferred vertical alignment in its parent.

pub fn set_vertical_alignment(&self, value: VerticalAlignment)

pub fn desired_size(&self) -> Size

The size that this element computed during the measure pass of the layout process.

pub fn is_measure_valid(&self) -> bool

Whether the control’s layout measure is valid.

pub fn is_arrange_valid(&self) -> bool

Whether the control’s layout arrange is valid.

pub fn use_layout_rounding(&self) -> bool

Whether the control’s layout should be snapped to pixel boundaries.

pub fn set_use_layout_rounding(&self, value: bool)

pub fn previous_measure(&self) -> Option<Size>

The available size passed in the previous layout pass, if any.

pub fn previous_arrange(&self) -> Option<Rect>

The rect passed in the previous layout pass, if any.

pub fn measure(&self, available_size: Size)

Carries out a measure of the control.

pub fn arrange(&self, rect: Rect)

Arranges the control and its children.

pub fn invalidate_measure(&self)

Invalidates the measurement of the control and queues a new layout pass.

pub fn invalidate_arrange(&self)

Invalidates the arrangement of the control and queues a new layout pass.

Methods from Deref<Target = Visual>

pub fn calculate_distance_from_ancestor( &self, ancestor: Option<&Visual>, ) -> Option<usize>

Calculates the distance from a visual’s ancestor.

Returns the number of steps from the visual to the ancestor, or None if this visual is not a descendent of ancestor. With no ancestor given, never matches and returns None.

pub fn calculate_distance_from_root(&self) -> usize

Calculates the distance from a visual’s root.

pub fn find_common_visual_ancestor( &self, target: &Visual, ) -> Option<Ref<Visual>>

Tries to get the first common ancestor of two visuals.

pub fn get_visual_ancestors(&self) -> VisualAncestors

Enumerates the ancestors of the visual in the visual tree.

pub fn get_self_and_visual_ancestors(&self) -> VisualAncestors

Enumerates the visual and its ancestors in the visual tree.

pub fn find_ancestor_of_type<T: ObjectType>( &self, include_self: bool, ) -> Option<Ref<T>>

Finds the first ancestor of class T, optionally starting with the visual itself.

pub fn find_ancestor_of_type_where<T: ObjectType>( &self, include_self: bool, predicate: impl Fn(&T) -> bool, ) -> Option<Ref<T>>

Finds the first ancestor of class T that matches a predicate, optionally starting with the visual itself.

pub fn find_descendant_of_type<T: ObjectType>( &self, include_self: bool, ) -> Option<Ref<T>>

Finds the first descendant of class T (depth first), optionally starting with the visual itself.

pub fn find_descendant_of_type_where<T: ObjectType>( &self, include_self: bool, predicate: impl Fn(&T) -> bool, ) -> Option<Ref<T>>

Finds the first descendant of class T that matches a predicate (depth first), optionally starting with the visual itself.

pub fn get_transformed_bounds(&self) -> Option<TransformedBounds>

Gets the bounds of the visual in the coordinate space of its root, with the clip applied by its ancestors. Returns None if the visual or one of its ancestors is invisible.

pub fn get_visual_at(&self, p: Point) -> Option<Ref<Visual>>

Gets the first visible visual at a point, in the coordinates of this visual.

pub fn get_visual_at_filtered( &self, p: Point, filter: &dyn Fn(&Visual) -> bool, ) -> Option<Ref<Visual>>

Gets the first visual at a point, in the coordinates of this visual.

If filter returns false for a visual then the visual and all its descendants are excluded from the results.

pub fn get_visual_at_geometry( &self, geometry: &Geometry, ) -> Option<GeometryHitTestResult>

Gets the first visible visual intersecting a geometry, in the coordinates of this visual, with the details of the intersection.

pub fn get_visual_at_geometry_filtered( &self, geometry: &Geometry, filter: &dyn Fn(&Visual) -> bool, ) -> Option<GeometryHitTestResult>

Gets the first visual intersecting a geometry, in the coordinates of this visual, with the details of the intersection.

If filter returns false for a visual then the visual and all its descendants are excluded from the results.

pub fn get_visuals_at(&self, p: Point) -> Vec<Ref<Visual>>

Enumerates the visible visuals at a point, in the coordinates of this visual, topmost first.

pub fn get_visuals_at_filtered( &self, p: Point, filter: &dyn Fn(&Visual) -> bool, ) -> Vec<Ref<Visual>>

Enumerates the visuals at a point, in the coordinates of this visual, topmost first.

If filter returns false for a visual then the visual and all its descendants are excluded from the results.

pub fn get_visuals_at_geometry( &self, geometry: &Geometry, ) -> Vec<GeometryHitTestResult>

Enumerates the visible visuals intersecting a geometry, in the coordinates of this visual, topmost first, with the details of the intersections.

pub fn get_visuals_at_geometry_filtered( &self, geometry: &Geometry, filter: &dyn Fn(&Visual) -> bool, ) -> Vec<GeometryHitTestResult>

Enumerates the visuals intersecting a geometry, in the coordinates of this visual, topmost first, with the details of the intersections.

If filter returns false for a visual then the visual and all its descendants are excluded from the results.

pub fn get_visual_children(&self) -> Rc<Vec<Ref<Visual>>>

Gets a snapshot of the visual children of the visual.

pub fn get_visual_descendants(&self) -> VisualDescendants

Enumerates the descendants of the visual in the visual tree, in depth-first pre-order.

pub fn get_self_and_visual_descendants(&self) -> VisualDescendants

Enumerates the visual and its descendants in the visual tree, in depth-first pre-order.

pub fn get_visual_parent(&self) -> Option<Ref<Visual>>

Gets the visual parent of the visual.

pub fn get_visual_parent_of_type<T: ObjectType>(&self) -> Option<Ref<T>>

Gets the visual parent of the visual, if it is of class T.

pub fn get_presentation_source(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn IPresentationSource>>

The presentation source the visual is attached to.

pub fn get_visual_root(&self) -> Option<Ref<Visual>>

The root visual of the presentation source the visual is attached to.

pub fn get_layout_root(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn ILayoutRoot>>

The layout root of the tree the visual is attached to.

pub fn get_layout_manager(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn ILayoutManager>>

The layout manager of the presentation source of the visual, or None when the visual is not attached to a visual root.

pub fn get_input_root(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn IInputRoot>>

The input root of the tree the visual is attached to.

pub fn get_platform_settings(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn IPlatformSettings>>

The platform settings of the tree the visual is attached to.

pub fn is_visual_ancestor_of(&self, target: &Visual) -> bool

Tests whether this visual is an ancestor of target.

pub fn point_to_client(&self, point: PixelPoint) -> Point

Converts a point from screen to client coordinates.

Panics if the visual does not belong to a visual tree.

pub fn point_to_screen(&self, point: Point) -> PixelPoint

Converts a point from client to screen coordinates.

Panics if the visual does not belong to a visual tree.

pub fn transform_to_visual(&self, to: &Visual) -> Option<Matrix>

Returns a transform that transforms the visual’s coordinates into the coordinates of the specified to visual, or None if the visuals don’t share a common ancestor.

pub fn translate_point( &self, point: Point, relative_to: &Visual, ) -> Option<Point>

Translates a point relative to this visual to coordinates that are relative to the specified visual, or returns None if the visuals don’t share a common ancestor.

pub fn to_ref(&self) -> Ref<Visual>

Returns a strong reference to this object.

pub fn render(&self, context: &mut DrawingContext<'_>)

Renders the visual to a drawing context.

pub fn on_attached_to_visual_tree_core(&self, e: &VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs)

Calls the on_attached_to_visual_tree method for this control and all of its visual descendants.

pub fn on_detached_from_visual_tree_core( &self, e: &VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs, )

Calls the on_detached_from_visual_tree method for this control and all of its visual descendants.

pub fn on_attached_to_visual_tree(&self, e: &VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs)

Called when the control is added to a rooted visual tree.

pub fn on_detached_from_visual_tree(&self, e: &VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs)

Called when the control is removed from a rooted visual tree.

pub fn on_visual_parent_changed( &self, old_parent: Option<&Ref<Visual>>, new_parent: Option<&Ref<Visual>>, )

Called when the control’s visual parent changes.

pub fn bypass_flow_direction_policies(&self) -> bool

Whether the control ignores the flow direction policies, i.e. is never mirrored.

pub fn invalidate_mirror_transform(&self)

Computes the has_mirror_transform value according to the flow direction of this visual and its parent.

pub fn clip_to_bounds_radius(&self) -> Option<CornerRadius>

The corner radius the visual clips its content with when clip_to_bounds is set; None for a plain rectangular clip. (Upstream: the IVisualWithRoundRectClip interface.)

pub fn custom_hit_test(&self, point: Point) -> Option<bool>

The custom hit test of the visual at a point in its own coordinates; None when the visual has none and is hit by what it occupies or draws. (Upstream: the ICustomHitTest interface; a class implementing it overrides this and the geometry form.)

pub fn custom_hit_test_geometry( &self, geometry: &Ref<Geometry>, ) -> Option<IntersectionResult>

The custom hit test of the visual against a geometry in its own coordinates; None when the visual has none.

pub fn ensure_initialized_for_visual_brush(&self)

Ensures that the visual is ready to use as the visual in a visual brush. (Upstream: the IVisualBrushInitialize interface; a class implementing it overrides this.)

pub fn create_composition_visual( &self, compositor: &Rc<Compositor>, ) -> CompositionDrawListVisual

Creates the composition visual of the visual on compositor.

pub fn detach_from_compositor(&self)

Releases the composition visual of the visual.

pub fn synchronize_composition_child_visuals(&self)

Makes the children of the composition visual match the visual children (in Z order) and the child composition visual.

pub fn synchronize_composition_properties(&self)

Copies the properties of the visual to its composition visual.

pub fn attached_to_visual_tree( &self, handler: impl Fn(&VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs) + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Raised when the control is attached to a rooted visual tree.

pub fn detached_from_visual_tree( &self, handler: impl Fn(&VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs) + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Raised when the control is detached from a rooted visual tree.

pub fn is_effectively_visible_changed( &self, handler: impl Fn() + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Raised when is_effectively_visible changes.

pub fn bounds(&self) -> Rect

The bounds of the control relative to its parent.

pub fn set_bounds(&self, value: Rect)

Sets the bounds of the control. Called by the layout system.

pub fn clip_to_bounds(&self) -> bool

Whether the control should be clipped to its bounds.

pub fn set_clip_to_bounds(&self, value: bool)

pub fn clip(&self) -> Option<Ref<Geometry>>

The geometry clip for this visual.

pub fn set_clip(&self, value: impl Into<Nullable<Geometry>>)

pub fn cache_mode(&self) -> Option<Ref<CacheMode>>

The cache mode of the visual.

pub fn set_cache_mode(&self, value: impl Into<Nullable<CacheMode>>)

pub fn effect(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn IEffect>>

The effect of the control.

pub fn set_effect(&self, value: Option<Rc<dyn IEffect>>)

pub fn opacity_mask(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn IBrush>>

The opacity mask of the control.

pub fn set_opacity_mask(&self, value: Option<Rc<dyn IBrush>>)

pub fn render_transform(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn ITransform>>

The render transform of the control.

pub fn set_render_transform(&self, value: Option<Rc<dyn ITransform>>)

pub fn render_transform_origin(&self) -> RelativePoint

The transform origin of the control.

pub fn set_render_transform_origin(&self, value: RelativePoint)

pub fn is_effectively_visible(&self) -> bool

Whether this control and all its parents are visible.

pub fn is_visible(&self) -> bool

Whether this control is visible.

pub fn set_is_visible(&self, value: bool)

pub fn opacity(&self) -> f64

The opacity of the control.

pub fn set_opacity(&self, value: f64)

pub fn has_mirror_transform(&self) -> bool

Whether the control is mirrored relative to its parent because of its flow direction.

pub fn set_has_mirror_transform(&self, value: bool)

Sets the mirror transform flag.

pub fn flow_direction(&self) -> FlowDirection

The text flow direction.

pub fn set_flow_direction(&self, value: FlowDirection)

pub fn z_index(&self) -> i32

The Z index of the control.

Controls with a higher Z index appear in front of controls with a lower one. Among controls with the same value, order of appearance in the visual children decides.

pub fn set_z_index(&self, value: i32)

pub fn visual_children(&self) -> &FerroList<Ref<Visual>>

The control’s child visuals.

pub fn visual_children_count(&self) -> usize

The number of visual children, without creating the collection.

pub fn visual_children_snapshot(&self) -> Option<Rc<Vec<Ref<Visual>>>>

A snapshot of the visual children, without creating the collection.

pub fn presentation_source(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn IPresentationSource>>

The presentation source the visual is attached to.

pub fn visual_root(&self) -> Option<Ref<Visual>>

The root of the visual tree, if the control is attached to one.

pub fn composition_visual(&self) -> Option<CompositionDrawListVisual>

The composition visual of the visual, while it is attached to a visual tree rendered by a compositor.

pub fn child_composition_visual(&self) -> Option<Rc<CompositionVisual>>

The composition visual shown as the last child of the composition visual of this visual (see ElementComposition).

pub fn set_child_composition_visual(&self, value: Option<Rc<CompositionVisual>>)

pub fn attach_to_compositor( &self, compositor: &Rc<Compositor>, ) -> CompositionDrawListVisual

Makes sure the visual has a composition visual on compositor and returns it.

pub fn has_non_uniform_z_index_children(&self) -> bool

Whether any child has a non-default Z index.

pub fn is_attached_to_visual_tree(&self) -> bool

Whether this control is attached to a visual root.

pub fn visual_parent(&self) -> Option<Ref<Visual>>

The control’s parent visual.

pub fn invalidate_visual(&self)

Invalidates the visual and queues a repaint.

pub fn set_presentation_source_for_root_visual( &self, presentation_source: Option<Rc<dyn IPresentationSource>>, )

Attaches or detaches the root visual of a presentation source.

Methods from Deref<Target = StyledElement>

pub fn get_logical_ancestors(&self) -> LogicalAncestors

Enumerates the ancestors of the element in the logical tree, from its parent to the root.

pub fn get_self_and_logical_ancestors(&self) -> LogicalAncestors

Enumerates the element and its ancestors in the logical tree.

pub fn find_logical_ancestor_of_type<T: ObjectType>( &self, include_self: bool, ) -> Option<Ref<T>>

Finds the first logical ancestor of class T, optionally starting with the element itself.

pub fn get_logical_children(&self) -> Rc<Vec<Ref<StyledElement>>>

The logical children of the element.

pub fn get_logical_descendants(&self) -> LogicalDescendants

Enumerates the descendants of the element in the logical tree, in depth-first pre-order.

pub fn get_self_and_logical_descendants(&self) -> LogicalDescendants

Enumerates the element and its descendants in the logical tree, in depth-first pre-order.

pub fn find_logical_descendant_of_type<T: ObjectType>( &self, include_self: bool, ) -> Option<Ref<T>>

Finds the first logical descendant of class T (depth first), optionally starting with the element itself.

pub fn get_logical_parent(&self) -> Option<Ref<StyledElement>>

The logical parent of the element.

pub fn get_logical_parent_of_type<T: ObjectType>(&self) -> Option<Ref<T>>

The logical parent of the element, if it is of class T.

pub fn get_logical_siblings(&self) -> Rc<Vec<Ref<StyledElement>>>

The children of the logical parent of the element, including the element itself; empty when the element has no logical parent.

pub fn is_logical_ancestor_of(&self, target: Option<&StyledElement>) -> bool

Whether the element is a logical ancestor of target.

pub fn to_ref(&self) -> Ref<StyledElement>

Returns a strong reference to this object.

pub fn begin_init(&self)

Signals the beginning of a batch of initialization: styling is deferred until the matching end_init.

pub fn try_end_init(&self) -> Result<(), InitializationError>

Signals the end of a batch of initialization: the element is styled (if it is attached to a rooted logical tree) and initialized. A style or control theme that cannot be applied (two setters for the same property) is an error, the counterpart of the invalid operation EndInit raises in the managed original; what follows the failure is skipped. This is the overridable member; end_init is the form that panics on the error.

pub fn logical_children_collection_changed( &self, e: &NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs<'_, Ref<StyledElement>>, )

Called when the logical children collection changes.

pub fn on_attached_to_logical_tree(&self, e: &LogicalTreeAttachmentEventArgs)

Called when the styled element is added to a rooted logical tree.

pub fn on_detached_from_logical_tree(&self, e: &LogicalTreeAttachmentEventArgs)

Called when the styled element is removed from a rooted logical tree.

pub fn on_data_context_changed(&self)

Called when the data context changes.

pub fn on_data_context_begin_update(&self)

Called when the data context begins updating.

pub fn on_data_context_end_update(&self)

Called when the data context finishes updating.

pub fn on_initialized(&self)

Called when the control finishes initialization.

pub fn style_key_override(&self) -> &'static TypeInfo

The type by which the element is styled. Defaults to the element’s own type; override to be styled as a base class.

pub fn on_control_theme_changed(&self)

Called when the control theme changes.

pub fn on_templated_parent_control_theme_changed(&self)

Called when the templated parent’s control theme changes.

pub fn invalidate_styles(&self, recurse: bool)

Detaches all styles from the element (and optionally from its inheritance children) so that they are re-applied.

pub fn is_logical_root(&self) -> bool

Whether the element is the root of a logical tree.

pub fn styling_parent(&self) -> Option<StyleHostRef>

The parent style host of the element: by default the inheritance parent, when it is a styled element. The root of a tree overrides this to return the host of the global styles.

pub fn notify_child_resources_changed(&self, e: ResourcesChangedEventArgs)

Notifies the children of the element that the resources visible to them have changed. The base method notifies the logical children.

pub fn child_index_provider(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn IChildIndexProvider>>

The child index provider implemented by the element, if any. Used to match the children of the element by their position.

pub fn is_theme_variant_root(&self) -> bool

Whether the element is a root of theme variant resolution: at a root the default theme variant resolves to the variant of the platform instead of being inherited.

pub fn attached_to_logical_tree( &self, handler: impl Fn(&LogicalTreeAttachmentEventArgs) + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Raised when the styled element is attached to a rooted logical tree.

pub fn detached_from_logical_tree( &self, handler: impl Fn(&LogicalTreeAttachmentEventArgs) + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Raised when the styled element is detached from a rooted logical tree.

pub fn data_context_changed( &self, handler: impl Fn() + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Occurs when the data context property changes.

pub fn initialized(&self, handler: impl Fn() + 'static) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Occurs when the styled element has finished initialization.

pub fn resources_changed( &self, handler: impl Fn(&ResourcesChangedEventArgs) + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Raised when the resources change on the element or an ancestor of the element.

pub fn actual_theme_variant_changed( &self, handler: impl Fn() + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Raised when the theme variant in effect for the element changes.

pub fn name(&self) -> Option<String>

The name of the styled element.

An element’s name is used to uniquely identify it within its name scope. Once the element has been styled its name may not be changed.

pub fn set_name(&self, value: Option<String>)

pub fn classes(&self) -> Classes

The styled element’s classes.

The collection is returned by handle: clones refer to the same collection.

pub fn pseudo_classes(&self) -> &dyn IPseudoClasses

The pseudoclasses of the element, settable by the control itself.

pub fn data_context(&self) -> Option<BoxedValue>

The control’s data context.

The data context is an inherited property that specifies the default object that will be used for data binding.

pub fn set_data_context(&self, value: Option<BoxedValue>)

pub fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool

Whether the element has finished initialization.

For more information about when this happens, see the initialized event.

pub fn styles(&self) -> Ref<Styles>

The styles for the styled element.

Styles for the entire application are added to the application’s styles collection.

pub fn is_styles_initialized(&self) -> bool

Whether the styles collection of the element has been created.

pub fn style_key(&self) -> &'static TypeInfo

The type by which the element is styled.

pub fn resources(&self) -> Ref<ResourceDictionary>

The styled element’s resource dictionary.

pub fn set_resources(&self, value: Ref<ResourceDictionary>)

pub fn theme(&self) -> Option<Ref<ControlTheme>>

The theme to be applied to the element.

By default the theme is looked up as a resource keyed by the element’s style key; setting this property takes precedence over that lookup.

pub fn set_theme(&self, value: impl Into<Nullable<ControlTheme>>)

pub fn actual_theme_variant(&self) -> Option<ThemeVariant>

The UI theme variant that is currently used by the element, which might be different than the requested theme variant. None until a theme variant has been established for the element or an ancestor.

pub fn has_resources(&self) -> bool

Whether the element or its styles have resources.

pub fn try_get_resource( &self, key: &ResourceKey, theme: Option<&ThemeVariant>, ) -> Option<ResourceValue>

Tries to find a resource within the element: in its resource dictionary, then in its styles.

pub fn try_find_resource( &self, key: &ResourceKey, theme: Option<&ThemeVariant>, ) -> Option<ResourceValue>

Tries to find a resource by searching up the logical tree and then the global styles.

pub fn find_resource(&self, key: &ResourceKey) -> ResourceValue

Finds a resource by searching up the logical tree and then the global styles. Returns the unset value marker if it is not found.

pub fn templated_parent(&self) -> Option<Ref<FerroObject>>

The styled element whose lookless template this element is part of.

pub fn set_templated_parent(&self, value: impl Into<Nullable<FerroObject>>)

Sets the templated parent. Called by the template that creates the element.

pub fn logical_children(&self) -> &FerroList<Ref<StyledElement>>

The styled element’s logical children.

pub fn is_attached_to_logical_tree(&self) -> bool

Whether the element is attached to a rooted logical tree.

pub fn parent(&self) -> Option<Ref<StyledElement>>

The styled element’s logical parent.

pub fn apply_styling(&self) -> bool

Applies styling to the control if the control is initialized and styling is not already applied.

The styling system will automatically apply styling when required, so this method need only be called by tests or in rare special cases.

Returns true if styling is applied to the control, false if the control is still initializing.

pub fn try_apply_styling(&self) -> Result<bool, DuplicateSetterError>

As apply_styling, reporting a style or control theme that cannot be applied (two setters for the same property: the invalid operation of the managed original) instead of panicking. After an error the styling pass is ended and the element is not marked as styled, as when the managed original throws.

pub fn end_init(&self)

Signals the end of a batch of initialization (try_end_init). A style or control theme that cannot be applied panics with the message of the error.

pub fn initialize_if_needed(&self)

Marks the element as initialized and raises the initialization notifications, if initialization is complete.

pub fn set_parent(&self, parent: impl Into<Nullable<StyledElement>>)

Sets the element’s logical parent.

You should not usually need to call this method: it is called when an element is added to or removed from a logical children collection.

pub fn notify_attached_to_logical_tree( &self, e: &LogicalTreeAttachmentEventArgs, )

Notifies the element that it has been attached to a rooted logical tree. Called by a parent for children that are part of its logical tree without being in its logical children collection (the template child of a templated control).

pub fn notify_detached_from_logical_tree( &self, e: &LogicalTreeAttachmentEventArgs, )

Notifies the element that it has been detached from a rooted logical tree. See notify_attached_to_logical_tree.

pub fn get_effective_theme(&self) -> Option<Ref<ControlTheme>>

The theme in effect for the element: the Theme property if set, otherwise the control theme resource keyed by the element’s style key that is visible to the element (a resource holding a Ref<ControlTheme>).

pub fn styles_added(&self, styles: &[Rc<dyn IStyle>])

Called when styles are added to the styles collection of the element or a nested styles collection.

pub fn styles_removed(&self, styles: &[Rc<dyn IStyle>])

Called when styles are removed from the styles collection of the element or a nested styles collection.

pub fn notify_resources_changed( &self, e: ResourcesChangedEventArgs, propagate: bool, )

Notifies the element, and with propagate its children, that the resources visible to it have changed.

pub fn set_data_context_with_priority( &self, value: Option<BoxedValue>, priority: BindingPriority, ) -> Option<Rc<dyn IDisposable>>

The priority-aware setter used by templates.

pub fn bind_class( &self, class_name: &str, source: &dyn BindingBase, anchor: Option<&Ref<FerroObject>>, ) -> Rc<dyn BindingExpressionBase>

Binds the presence of the class class_name on this element to source. anchor provides the context the binding locates its source with when the element cannot.

Methods from Deref<Target = Animatable>

pub fn to_ref(&self) -> Ref<Animatable>

Returns a strong reference to this object.

pub fn clock(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn IClock>>

The clock which controls the animations and transitions on the object and, by inheritance, on its descendants. The global clock is used when there is none.

pub fn set_clock(&self, value: Option<Rc<dyn IClock>>)

pub fn transitions(&self) -> Option<Transitions>

The property transitions of the object.

pub fn set_transitions(&self, value: Option<Transitions>)

pub fn enable_transitions(&self)

Enables transitions for the object.

This is called when the object is attached to the visual tree, so that transitions do not run on its initial property values.

pub fn disable_transitions(&self)

Disables transitions for the object.

This is called when the object is detached from the visual tree.

pub fn try_get_transition_instance( &self, transition: &Rc<dyn ITransition>, ) -> Option<Rc<TransitionInstance>>

The progress of the transition that transition is currently running on this object: the instance created when the transition was last applied. None when the transition is not one of the object’s transitions or has not been applied.

Methods from Deref<Target = FerroObject>

pub fn dispatcher(&self) -> &Arc<Dispatcher>

Returns the Dispatcher that this object is associated with: the dispatcher of the thread that owns the object.

pub fn check_access(&self) -> bool

Returns whether the calling thread is the thread that owns this object.

pub fn verify_access(&self)

Checks that the calling thread is the thread that owns this object.

Panics

Panics when it is not.

pub fn to_ref(&self) -> Ref<FerroObject>

A strong reference to this object.

pub fn to_weak(&self) -> WeakRef<FerroObject>

A weak reference to this object.

pub fn get_type(&self) -> &'static TypeInfo

The runtime type of the object.

pub fn is<T: ObjectType>(&self) -> bool

Whether the object is of class T or a class derived from it.

pub fn downcast_ref<T: ObjectType>(&self) -> Option<&T>

Returns the object viewed as class T if it is one.

pub fn on_property_changed(&self, change: &FerroPropertyChangedEventArgs<'_>)

Invokes the on_property_changed virtual member.

pub fn inheritance_parent(&self) -> Option<Ref<FerroObject>>

The parent object that inherited property values are inherited from.

pub fn set_inheritance_parent(&self, value: impl Into<Nullable<FerroObject>>)

Sets the parent object that inherited property values are inherited from.

pub fn clear_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static StyledProperty<T>, )

Clears a property’s local value.

pub fn get_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static StyledProperty<T>, ) -> T

Gets a property value.

pub fn get_base_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static StyledProperty<T>, ) -> Option<T>

Gets a property’s base value: the value excluding animated values. Returns None if the value comes from inheritance or the default.

pub fn is_animating(&self, property: &FerroProperty) -> bool

Checks whether a property is animating.

pub fn is_set(&self, property: &FerroProperty) -> bool

Checks whether a styled property has a value assigned to it or a binding targeting it.

pub fn set_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static StyledProperty<T>, value: T, )

Sets a property value with local value priority.

pub fn set_value_with_priority<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static StyledProperty<T>, value: T, priority: BindingPriority, ) -> Option<Rc<dyn IDisposable>>

Sets a property value with the given priority. For priorities other than local value, disposing the returned handle removes the value.

pub fn set_current_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static StyledProperty<T>, value: T, )

Sets the value of a property without changing its value source.

This is used by a component that programmatically sets the value of one of its own properties without disabling an application’s declared use of the property: the effective value changes, but existing bindings and styles continue to work. The new value has the property’s current priority.

pub fn bind_binding( &self, property: &'static FerroProperty, binding: &dyn BindingBase, ) -> Rc<dyn BindingExpressionBase>

Binds a property to a binding. Returns the binding expression which represents the binding instance on this object.

pub fn bind_binding_with_anchor( &self, property: &'static FerroProperty, binding: &dyn BindingBase, anchor: Option<&Ref<FerroObject>>, ) -> Rc<dyn BindingExpressionBase>

Binds a property to a binding.

Some bindings need context to locate their source: a data context, named elements or resources. If this object is not an element, or is not yet attached to the tree, anchor provides that context.

pub fn indexer(&self, binding: &IndexerDescriptor) -> IndexerBinding

Gets a binding to a property of this object: the indexer taking an IndexerDescriptor (source[!Property] is source.indexer(&Property.bind())).

pub fn bind_indexer( &self, binding: &IndexerDescriptor, value: &dyn BindingBase, ) -> Rc<dyn BindingExpressionBase>

Binds the property of an IndexerDescriptor to a binding: the setter of the indexer (target[!Property] = binding is target.bind_indexer(&Property.bind(), &binding)).

pub fn bind<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static StyledProperty<T>, source: Rc<dyn IObservable<T>>, priority: BindingPriority, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Binds a property to an observable.

pub fn bind_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static StyledProperty<T>, source: Rc<dyn IObservable<BindingValue<T>>>, priority: BindingPriority, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Binds a property to an observable of binding values.

pub fn bind_untyped<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static StyledProperty<T>, source: Rc<dyn IObservable<BoxedValue>>, priority: BindingPriority, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Binds a property to an observable of untyped values.

pub fn coerce_value(&self, property: &'static FerroProperty)

Coerces the specified property.

pub fn get_direct_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static DirectPropertyBase<T>, ) -> T

Gets a direct property value.

pub fn set_direct_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static DirectPropertyBase<T>, value: T, )

Sets a direct property value.

pub fn clear_direct_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static DirectPropertyBase<T>, )

Resets a direct property to its unset value.

pub fn bind_direct<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static DirectPropertyBase<T>, source: Rc<dyn IObservable<T>>, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Binds a direct property to an observable.

pub fn bind_direct_value<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static DirectPropertyBase<T>, source: Rc<dyn IObservable<BindingValue<T>>>, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Binds a direct property to an observable of binding values.

pub fn bind_direct_untyped<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static DirectPropertyBase<T>, source: Rc<dyn IObservable<BoxedValue>>, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Binds a direct property to an observable of untyped values.

pub fn set_and_raise<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static DirectPropertyBase<T>, field: &RefCell<T>, value: T, ) -> bool

Sets the backing field of a direct property, raising a change notification if the value changed. Returns true if it changed.

pub fn set_and_raise_cell<T: PropertyValue + Copy>( &self, property: &'static DirectPropertyBase<T>, field: &Cell<T>, value: T, ) -> bool

set_and_raise for Copy values stored in a Cell.

pub fn get_value_untyped(&self, property: &'static FerroProperty) -> BoxedValue

Gets a property value as an untyped value.

pub fn set_value_untyped( &self, property: &'static FerroProperty, value: &dyn Any, priority: BindingPriority, ) -> Option<Rc<dyn IDisposable>>

Sets a property from an untyped value, which must hold exactly the property’s value type or the unset marker.

pub fn set_current_value_untyped( &self, property: &'static FerroProperty, value: &dyn Any, )

set_current_value with an untyped value.

pub fn clear_value_untyped(&self, property: &'static FerroProperty)

Clears a property’s local value.

pub fn bind_property_untyped( &self, property: &'static FerroProperty, source: Rc<dyn IObservable<BoxedValue>>, priority: BindingPriority, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Binds a property to an observable of untyped values.

pub fn property_changed( &self, handler: impl Fn(&FerroPropertyChangedEventArgs<'_>) + 'static, ) -> Rc<dyn IDisposable>

Subscribes to property changes on this object. Disposing the returned handle unsubscribes.

pub fn add_property_changed_handler( &self, handler: Rc<dyn Fn(&FerroPropertyChangedEventArgs<'_>)>, ) -> u64

Subscribes handler to property changes on this object and returns the token that remove_property_changed_handler takes: property_changed for a subscriber that keeps the object and the token itself, so that no handle is made.

pub fn remove_property_changed_handler(&self, token: u64) -> bool

Ends a subscription of add_property_changed_handler.

pub fn property_changed_subscriber_count(&self) -> usize

The number of subscribers to property changes on this object (a diagnostics member, used by tests to verify that subscriptions are released).

pub fn raise_property_changed<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static FerroProperty, old_value: Option<&T>, new_value: &T, priority: BindingPriority, is_effective_value: bool, )

Raises a property changed notification.

pub fn raise_direct_property_changed<T: PropertyValue>( &self, property: &'static DirectPropertyBase<T>, old_value: &T, new_value: &T, )

Raises a property changed notification for a direct property.

Trait Implementations

impl Deref for Interactive

type Target = Layoutable

The resulting type after dereferencing.

fn deref(&self) -> &Layoutable

Dereferences the value.

impl FerroObjectImpl for Interactive

fn constructed(this: &Self)

Called once, right after the object has been allocated. This is where constructor logic that needs a reference to the object runs. Overrides must call parent_constructed first.

fn on_property_changed_core( this: &Self, change: &FerroPropertyChangedEventArgs<'_>, )

Called for every property change on the object, including changes of non-effective (base) values. Overriding this is rarely needed; override on_property_changed instead.

fn on_property_changed(this: &Self, change: &FerroPropertyChangedEventArgs<'_>)

Called when the effective value of a property changes on the object.

fn update_data_validation( this: &Self, property: &'static FerroProperty, state: BindingValueType, error: Option<&BindingError>, )

Called to update the validation state for properties for which data validation is enabled.

impl InteractiveImpl for Interactive

fn interactive_parent(this: &Self) -> Option<Ref<Interactive>>

The interactive parent of the object for bubbling and tunneling events. By default this is the visual parent, when it is an interactive.

impl LayoutableImpl for Interactive

fn apply_template(this: &Self)

Creates the visual children of the control, if necessary.

fn measure_core(this: &Self, available_size: Size) -> Size

The default implementation of the control’s measure pass.

fn measure_override(this: &Self, available_size: Size) -> Size

Measures the control and its child elements as part of a layout pass. Returns the size the control would like to be.

fn arrange_core(this: &Self, final_rect: Rect)

The default implementation of the control’s arrange pass.

fn arrange_override(this: &Self, final_size: Size) -> Size

Positions child elements as part of a layout pass. Returns the size used.

fn on_measure_invalidated(this: &Self)

Called by invalidate_measure.

impl ObjectType for Interactive

type Parent = Layoutable

The base class. The root class is its own parent.

type VTable = InteractiveVTable

The virtual table of the class.

fn vtable() -> &'static Self::VTable

The virtual table used by instances whose most-derived class is Self.

fn register_class()

The static initialisation of the class. The first call on a thread, after doing the same for the base class:

impl StaticType for Interactive

const TYPE: &'static TypeInfo

The runtime type.

impl StyledElementImpl for Interactive

fn begin_init(this: &Self)

Signals the beginning of a batch of initialization: styling is deferred until the matching end_init.

fn try_end_init(this: &Self) -> Result<(), InitializationError>

Signals the end of a batch of initialization: the element is styled (if it is attached to a rooted logical tree) and initialized. A style or control theme that cannot be applied (two setters for the same property) is an error, the counterpart of the invalid operation EndInit raises in the managed original; what follows the failure is skipped. This is the overridable member; end_init is the form that panics on the error.

fn logical_children_collection_changed( this: &Self, e: &NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs<'_, Ref<StyledElement>>, )

Called when the logical children collection changes.

fn on_attached_to_logical_tree(this: &Self, e: &LogicalTreeAttachmentEventArgs)

Called when the styled element is added to a rooted logical tree.

fn on_detached_from_logical_tree( this: &Self, e: &LogicalTreeAttachmentEventArgs, )

Called when the styled element is removed from a rooted logical tree.

fn on_data_context_changed(this: &Self)

Called when the data context changes.

fn on_data_context_begin_update(this: &Self)

Called when the data context begins updating.

fn on_data_context_end_update(this: &Self)

Called when the data context finishes updating.

fn on_initialized(this: &Self)

Called when the control finishes initialization.

fn style_key_override(this: &Self) -> &'static TypeInfo

The type by which the element is styled. Defaults to the element’s own type; override to be styled as a base class.

fn on_control_theme_changed(this: &Self)

Called when the control theme changes.

fn on_templated_parent_control_theme_changed(this: &Self)

Called when the templated parent’s control theme changes.

fn invalidate_styles(this: &Self, recurse: bool)

Detaches all styles from the element (and optionally from its inheritance children) so that they are re-applied.

fn is_logical_root(this: &Self) -> bool

Whether the element is the root of a logical tree.

fn styling_parent(this: &Self) -> Option<StyleHostRef>

The parent style host of the element: by default the inheritance parent, when it is a styled element. The root of a tree overrides this to return the host of the global styles.

fn notify_child_resources_changed(this: &Self, e: ResourcesChangedEventArgs)

Notifies the children of the element that the resources visible to them have changed. The base method notifies the logical children.

fn child_index_provider(this: &Self) -> Option<Rc<dyn IChildIndexProvider>>

The child index provider implemented by the element, if any. Used to match the children of the element by their position.

fn is_theme_variant_root(this: &Self) -> bool

Whether the element is a root of theme variant resolution: at a root the default theme variant resolves to the variant of the platform instead of being inherited.

impl<T: InteractiveImpl> Subclassable<T> for Interactive

where Layoutable: Subclassable<T>,

impl Upcast<Interactive> for Interactive

fn upcast(&self) -> &Interactive

impl<T: ?Sized> Upcast<T> for Interactive

where Layoutable: Upcast<T>,

fn upcast(&self) -> &T

impl VisualImpl for Interactive

fn render(this: &Self, context: &mut DrawingContext<'_>)

Renders the visual to a drawing context.

fn on_attached_to_visual_tree_core( this: &Self, e: &VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs, )

Calls the on_attached_to_visual_tree method for this control and all of its visual descendants.

fn on_detached_from_visual_tree_core( this: &Self, e: &VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs, )

Calls the on_detached_from_visual_tree method for this control and all of its visual descendants.

fn on_attached_to_visual_tree(this: &Self, e: &VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs)

Called when the control is added to a rooted visual tree.

fn on_detached_from_visual_tree(this: &Self, e: &VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs)

Called when the control is removed from a rooted visual tree.

fn on_visual_parent_changed( this: &Self, old_parent: Option<&Ref<Visual>>, new_parent: Option<&Ref<Visual>>, )

Called when the control’s visual parent changes.

fn bypass_flow_direction_policies(this: &Self) -> bool

Whether the control ignores the flow direction policies, i.e. is never mirrored.

fn invalidate_mirror_transform(this: &Self)

Computes the has_mirror_transform value according to the flow direction of this visual and its parent.

fn clip_to_bounds_radius(this: &Self) -> Option<CornerRadius>

The corner radius the visual clips its content with when clip_to_bounds is set; None for a plain rectangular clip. (Upstream: the IVisualWithRoundRectClip interface.)

fn custom_hit_test(this: &Self, point: Point) -> Option<bool>

The custom hit test of the visual at a point in its own coordinates; None when the visual has none and is hit by what it occupies or draws. (Upstream: the ICustomHitTest interface; a class implementing it overrides this and the geometry form.)

fn custom_hit_test_geometry( this: &Self, geometry: &Ref<Geometry>, ) -> Option<IntersectionResult>

The custom hit test of the visual against a geometry in its own coordinates; None when the visual has none.

fn ensure_initialized_for_visual_brush(this: &Self)

Ensures that the visual is ready to use as the visual in a visual brush. (Upstream: the IVisualBrushInitialize interface; a class implementing it overrides this.)

fn create_composition_visual( this: &Self, compositor: &Rc<Compositor>, ) -> CompositionDrawListVisual

Creates the composition visual of the visual on compositor.

fn detach_from_compositor(this: &Self)

Releases the composition visual of the visual.

fn synchronize_composition_child_visuals(this: &Self)

Makes the children of the composition visual match the visual children (in Z order) and the child composition visual.

fn synchronize_composition_properties(this: &Self)

Copies the properties of the visual to its composition visual.