Struct Body

pub struct Body { /* private fields */ }

An HTTP body that can be read from, written to, or appended to another body.

The most efficient ways to read from and write to the body are through the Read, BufRead, and Write implementations.

Read and write operations to a Body are automatically buffered, though you can take direct control over aspects of the buffering using the BufRead methods and Write::flush().

Implementations

impl Body

pub fn new() -> Self

Get a new, empty HTTP body.

pub fn into_handle(self) -> BodyHandle

Convert a Body into the low-level BodyHandle interface.

pub fn into_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8>

Read the entirety of the body into a byte vector.

Memory usage

This method will cause the entire body to be buffering in WebAssembly memory. You should take care not to exceed the WebAssembly memory limits, and consider using methods like BufRead::lines() or Body::read_chunks() to control how much of the body you process at once.

pub fn into_string(self) -> String

Read the entirety of the body into a String, interpreting the bytes as UTF-8.

Memory usage

This method will cause the entire body to be buffering in WebAssembly memory. You should take care not to exceed the WebAssembly memory limits, and consider using methods like BufRead::lines() or Body::read_chunks() to control how much of the body you process at once.

Panics

If the body does not contain a valid UTF-8 string, this function will panic. To explicitly handle the possibility of invalid UTF-8 data, use into_bytes() and then convert the bytes explicitly with a function like String::from_utf8.

pub fn append(&mut self, other: Body)

Append another body onto the end of this body.

This operation is performed in amortized constant time, and so should always be preferred to reading an entire body and then writing the same contents to another body.

pub fn write_bytes(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> usize

👎Deprecated since 0.10.0: use std::io::Write::write() instead

Write a slice of bytes to the end of this body, and return the number of bytes written.

Examples

body.write_bytes(&[0, 1, 2, 3]);

pub fn write_str(&mut self, string: &str) -> usize

👎Deprecated since 0.10.0: use std::io::Write::write() instead

Write a string slice to the end of this body, and return the number of bytes written.

Examples

body.write_str("woof woof");

pub fn read_chunks<'a>( &'a mut self, chunk_size: usize, ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<Vec<u8>, Error>> + 'a

Return an iterator that reads the body in chunks of at most the given number of bytes.

If chunk_size does not evenly divide the length of the body, then the last chunk will not have length chunk_size.

Examples

use std::io::Write;
fn remove_0s(body: &mut Body) {
    let mut no_0s = Body::new();
    for chunk in body.read_chunks(4096) {
        let mut chunk = chunk.unwrap();
        chunk.retain(|b| *b != 0);
        no_0s.write_all(&chunk).unwrap();
    }
    *body = no_0s;
}

pub fn get_prefix_mut(&mut self, length: usize) -> Prefix<'_>

Get a prefix of the body containing up to the given number of bytes.

This is particularly useful when you only need to inspect the first few bytes of a body, or want to read an entire body up to a certain size limit to control memory consumption.

Note that the length of the returned prefix may be shorter than the requested length if the length of the entire body is shorter.

The returned Prefix value is a smart pointer wrapping a &mut Vec<u8>. You can use it as you would a &mut Vec<u8> or a &mut [u8] to view or modify the contents of the prefix.

When the Prefix is dropped, the prefix bytes are returned to the body, including any modifications that have been made. Because the prefix holds a mutable reference to the body, you may need to explicitly drop() the prefix to perform other operations on the body.

If you do not need to return the prefix bytes to the body, use Prefix::take() to consume the prefix as an owned byte vector without writing it back.

Examples

Checking whether the body starts with the WebAssembly magic number:

const MAGIC: &[u8] = b"\0asm";
let prefix = body.get_prefix_mut(MAGIC.len());
if prefix.as_slice() == MAGIC {
    println!("might be Wasm!");
}

Zero out the timestamp bytes in a gzip header:

let mut prefix = body.get_prefix_mut(8);
for i in 4..8 {
    prefix[i] = 0;
}

Try to consume the body as a JSON value, but only up to the first 4KiB. Note the use of take() to avoid writing the bytes back to the body unnecessarily:

let prefix = body.get_prefix_mut(4096).take();
let json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&prefix).unwrap();

pub fn try_get_prefix_mut(&mut self, length: usize) -> Result<Prefix<'_>>

Try to get a prefix of the body up to the given number of bytes.

Unlike get_prefix_mut(), this method does not panic if an I/O error occurs.

pub fn get_prefix_str_mut(&mut self, length: usize) -> PrefixString<'_>

Get a prefix of the body as a string containing up to the given number of bytes.

This is particularly useful when you only need to inspect the first few characters of a body or want to read an entire body up to a certain size limit to control memory consumption.

Note that the length of the returned prefix may be shorter than the requested length if the length of the entire body is shorter or if the requested length fell in the middle of a multi-byte UTF-8 codepoint.

The returned PrefixString value is a smart pointer wrapping a &mut String. You can use it as you would a &mut String or a &mut str to view or modify the contents of the prefix.

When the PrefixString is dropped, the prefix characters are returned to the body, including any modifications that have been made. Because the prefix holds a mutable reference to the body, you may need to explicitly drop() the prefix before performing other operations on the body.

If you do not need to return the prefix characters to the body, use PrefixString::take() to consume the prefix as an owned string without writing it back.

Panics

If the prefix contains invalid UTF-8 bytes, this function will panic. The exception to this is if the bytes are invalid because a multi-byte codepoint is cut off by the requested prefix length. In this case, the invalid bytes are left off the end of the prefix.

To explicitly handle the possibility of invalid UTF-8 bytes, use try_get_prefix_str_mut(), which returns an error on failure rather than panicking.

Examples

Check whether the body starts with the M3U8 file header:

const HEADER: &str = "#EXTM3U";
let prefix = body.get_prefix_str_mut(7);
if prefix.as_str() == HEADER {
    println!("might be an M3U8 file!");
}

Insert a new playlist entry before the first occurrence of #EXTINF in an M3U8 file:

let mut prefix = body.get_prefix_str_mut(1024);
let first_entry = prefix.find("#EXTINF").unwrap();
prefix.insert_str(first_entry, "#EXTINF:10.0,\nnew_first_file.ts\n");

Try to consume the body as a JSON value, but only up to the first 4KiB. Note the use of take() to avoid writing the characters back to the body unnecessarily:

let prefix = body.get_prefix_str_mut(4096).take();
let json: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&prefix).unwrap();

pub fn try_get_prefix_str_mut( &mut self, length: usize, ) -> Result<PrefixString<'_>, Utf8Error>

Try to get a prefix of the body as a string containing up to the given number of bytes.

Unlike get_prefix_str_mut(), this function does not panic when the prefix contains invalid UTF-8 bytes.

Trait Implementations

impl BodyExt for Body

fn append_trailer(&mut self, name: impl ToHeaderName, value: impl ToHeaderValue)

Append the given trailer name and value to this body.

fn get_trailers(&mut self) -> Result<HeaderMap, Error>

Get the trailers associated with this body.

impl BufRead for Body

fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8]>

Returns the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data, via Read methods, if empty.

fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)

Marks the given amount of additional bytes from the internal buffer as having been read. Subsequent calls to read only return bytes that have not been marked as read.

fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (buf_read_has_data_left)

Checks if there is any data left to be read.

fn read_until(&mut self, byte: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes into buf until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached.

fn skip_until(&mut self, byte: u8) -> Result<usize, Error>

Skips all bytes until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached.

fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until a newline (the 0xA byte) is reached, and append them to the provided String buffer.

fn split(self, byte: u8) -> Split<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Returns an iterator over the contents of this reader split on the byte byte.

fn lines(self) -> Lines<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Returns an iterator over the lines of this reader.

impl Debug for Body

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl From<&[u8]> for Body

fn from(s: &[u8]) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<&str> for Body

fn from(s: &str) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<BodyHandle> for Body

fn from(handle: BodyHandle) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<String> for Body

fn from(s: String) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Vec<u8>> for Body

fn from(s: Vec<u8>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl Read for Body

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation.

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

fn read_buf(&mut self, buf: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer.

fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill cursor.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read.

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes.

fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>

where R: Read, Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another.

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it.

impl Write for Body

fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>

Writes a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written.

fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize>

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers.

fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()>

Flushes this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination.

fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Writer has an efficient write_vectored implementation.

fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer.

fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (write_all_vectored)

Attempts to write multiple buffers into this writer.

fn write_fmt(&mut self, args: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Write.