Struct ReaderHandle

pub struct ReaderHandle { /* private fields */ }

An incremental reader created with the Expression::reader method.

When this reader reaches EOF, it automatically calls wait on the inner handle. If the child returns a non-zero exit status, the read at EOF will return an error, unless you use unchecked.

Both ReaderHandle and &ReaderHandle implement std::io::Read. The latter makes it possible for one thread to kill the ReaderHandle while another thread is reading it. That can be useful for effectively canceling the read and unblocking the reader thread. However, note that killed child processes return a non-zero exit status, which is an error for the reader by default, unless you use unchecked.

ReaderHandle contains a Handle internally, and it takes the same approach to cleaning up zombie processess on Unix.

Example

use duct::cmd;
use duct::ReaderHandle;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::io::prelude::*;

// This child process prints a single byte and then sleeps.
//
// CAUTION: Using Bash for this example would probably hang, because Bash
// would spawn a `sleep` grandchild processes, and that grandchild wouldn't
// receive the kill signal.
let python_child = "\
import sys
import time
print()
sys.stdout.flush()
time.sleep(24 * 60 * 60)
";
let reader: ReaderHandle = cmd!("python3", "-c", python_child)
    .unchecked()
    .reader()?;

// Spawn two threads that both try to read the single byte. Whichever one
// succeeds then calls kill() to unblock the other.
let arc_reader: Arc<ReaderHandle> = Arc::new(reader);
let mut threads = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..2 {
    let arc_reader = arc_reader.clone();
    threads.push(std::thread::spawn(move || -> std::io::Result<()> {
        let mut single_byte = [0u8];
        (&*arc_reader).read(&mut single_byte)?;
        arc_reader.kill()?;
        Ok(())
    }));
}

// Join both threads. Because of the kill() above, both threads will exit
// quickly.
for thread in threads {
    thread.join().unwrap()?;
}

Implementations

impl ReaderHandle

pub fn try_wait(&self) -> Result<Option<&Output>>

Check whether the underlying expression is finished. This is equivalent to Handle::try_wait. If the ReaderHandle has indicated EOF successfully, then it’s guaranteed that this method will return Ok(Some(_)).

Note that the stdout field of the returned Output will always be empty, because the ReaderHandle itself owns the child’s stdout pipe.

pub fn kill(&self) -> Result<()>

Kill all the child processes in the running expression.

See Handle::kill. Note that as with std::process::Child::kill, this does not kill any grandchild processes that the children have spawned on their own. It only kills the child processes that Duct spawned itself. This is especially relevant for ReaderHandle, because if you’re using kill to unblock another thread that’s reading, an unkilled grandchild process might keep the child’s stdout pipe open and keep your reader thread blocked. For that use case, you need to ensure that any grandchild processes your child might spawn are going to be short-lived. See gotchas.md for an extensive discussion of these issues.

pub fn pids(&self) -> Vec<u32>

Return a Vec<u32> containing the PIDs of all of the child processes. The PIDs are given in pipeline order, from left to right.

Trait Implementations

impl Debug for ReaderHandle

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'a> Read for &'a ReaderHandle

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>

Note that if you don’t use unchecked, and the child returns a non-zero exit status, the final call to read will return an error, just as run would.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation.

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

fn read_buf(&mut self, buf: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer.

fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill cursor.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read.

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes.

fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>

where R: Read, Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another.

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it.

impl Read for ReaderHandle

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>

Note that if you don’t use unchecked, and the child returns a non-zero exit status, the final call to read will return an error, just as run would.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation.

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

fn read_buf(&mut self, buf: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer.

fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill cursor.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read.

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes.

fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>

where R: Read, Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another.

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it.