zuzu-rust 0.5.0

=encoding utf8

=head1 NAME

std/gui - User-facing GUI constructor helpers.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  from std/gui import *;

  let w := Window(
  	title: "Demo",
  	VBox(
  		Label( text: "Name:" ),
  		Input( id: "name" ),
  		Button( text: "OK", id: "submit" ),
  	),
  );

=head1 IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT

This module is supported by zuzu.pl, zuzu-rust, and zuzu-js on Electron.
It is not supported by zuzu-js on Node. It is partially supported by
zuzu-js in the browser: core GUI and widget lifecycle coverage passes,
but filesystem-backed file and directory dialogue coverage is unsupported.

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module provides thin constructor helpers over C<std/gui/objects>.
Host runtimes expose the shared widget, object tree, event, and window
lifecycle APIs when GUI support is available. It also re-exports
backend-native file and directory dialogue hooks for C<std/gui/dialogue>.

The module exports C<EM>, the standard UI font height in logical
pixels, derived from C<std/gui/objects> metadata.

=head1 EXPORTS

=head2 Constants

=over

=item C<EM>

Type: C<Number>. Standard UI font height in logical pixels.

=item C<GUI_XML_NS>

Type: C<String>. XML namespace URI used by GUI XML serialization and
parsing.

=back

=head2 Functions

=over

=item C<< Window(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< VBox(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< HBox(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Frame(... PairList p, Array c) >>

Parameters: C<p> are widget properties and C<c> contains child widgets.
Returns: widget object. Constructs window and layout widgets.

=item C<< Label(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Text(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< RichText(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Image(... PairList p, Array c) >>

Parameters: C<p> are widget properties and C<c> contains child widgets.
Returns: widget object. Constructs content widgets.

=item C<< Input(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< DatePicker(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Checkbox(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Radio(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< RadioGroup(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Select(... PairList p, Array c) >>

Parameters: C<p> are widget properties and C<c> contains child widgets.
Returns: widget object. Constructs input widgets.

=item C<< Menu(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< MenuItem(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Button(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Separator(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Slider(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Progress(... PairList p, Array c) >>

Parameters: C<p> are widget properties and C<c> contains child widgets.
Returns: widget object. Constructs command and control widgets.

=item C<< Tabs(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< Tab(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< ListView(... PairList p, Array c) >>, C<< TreeView(... PairList p, Array c) >>

Parameters: C<p> are widget properties and C<c> contains child widgets.
Returns: widget object. Constructs tabular and collection widgets.

=item C<< unbind(BindingToken token) >>

Parameters: C<token> is a binding token. Returns: C<null>. Removes a GUI
binding.

=item C<< gui_from_xml(String xml) >>, C<< gui_from_xml_file(path) >>

Parameters: C<xml> is GUI XML text and C<path> is a file path. Returns:
widget object. Builds a GUI object tree from XML.

=item C<< gui_to_xml(Widget root) >>

Parameters: C<root> is a GUI widget. Returns: C<String>. Serializes a
GUI object tree to XML.

=back

=head2 Classes

=over

=item C<BindingToken>

Represents a model/widget binding.

=over

=item C<< token.is_active() >>

Parameters: none. Returns: C<Boolean>. Returns true while the binding is
active.

=item C<< token.set_listener(token) >>

Parameters: C<token> is a listener token. Returns: C<BindingToken>.
Stores the listener token associated with the binding.

=item C<< token.sync_model_to_widget() >>, C<< token.sync_widget_to_model() >>

Parameters: none. Returns: C<null>. Synchronizes the bound values.

=item C<< token.unbind() >>

Parameters: none. Returns: C<null>. Removes the binding.

=back

=back

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE

B<< std/gui >> is copyright Toby Inkster.

It is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of either the Artistic License 1.0 or the GNU General Public
License version 2.

=cut

from std/gui/objects import
	Window as _WindowClass,
	VBox as _VBoxClass,
	HBox as _HBoxClass,
	Frame as _FrameClass,
	Label as _LabelClass,
	Text as _TextClass,
	RichText as _RichTextClass,
	Image as _ImageClass,
	Input as _InputClass,
	DatePicker as _DatePickerClass,
	Checkbox as _CheckboxClass,
	Radio as _RadioClass,
	RadioGroup as _RadioGroupClass,
	Select as _SelectClass,
	Menu as _MenuClass,
	MenuItem as _MenuItemClass,
	Button as _ButtonClass,
	Separator as _SeparatorClass,
	Slider as _SliderClass,
	Progress as _ProgressClass,
	Tabs as _TabsClass,
	Tab as _TabClass,
	ListView as _ListViewClass,
	TreeView as _TreeViewClass,
	Widget,
	Event,
	ListenerToken,
	native_file_open,
	native_file_save,
	native_directory_open,
	native_directory_save,
	native_colour_picker,
	meta as _gui_meta;

from std/gui/objects try import
	native_alert,
	native_confirm,
	native_prompt;

from std/data/xml import XML;
from std/data/xml/escape import escape_xml;
from std/internals import getupperprop;
from std/path/zz import ZZPath;
from std/string import join, split, substr, trim;


const Number EM := _gui_meta{font_size_pixels};

function _assert_known_props ( String ctor, PairList props, Array allowed ) {
	let geometry := [
		"width",
		"height",
		"minwidth",
		"minheight",
		"maxwidth",
		"maxheight",
	];
	for ( let key in props.keys() ) {
		if ( key ∉ allowed and key ∉ geometry ) {
			die `GUI_PROP_UNKNOWN: ${ctor} does not accept property '${key}'`;
		}
	}
}

function _assert_prop_value ( String ctor, String prop, value, Array allowed ) {
	if ( value ∉ allowed ) {
		die `GUI_PROP_TYPE: ${ctor} property '${prop}' has invalid value`;
	}
}

function _assert_prop_array ( String ctor, String prop, value ) {
	if ( not( value instanceof Array ) ) {
		die `GUI_PROP_TYPE: ${ctor} property '${prop}' expects Array`;
	}
}

function _with_geometry_props ( Array allowed ) {
	for ( let key in [
		"width",
		"height",
		"minwidth",
		"minheight",
		"maxwidth",
		"maxheight",
	] ) {
		allowed.push(key) unless key ∈ allowed;
	}
	return allowed;
}

function _apply_geometry ( Widget widget, PairList p ) {
	for ( let key in [
		"width",
		"height",
		"minwidth",
		"minheight",
		"maxwidth",
		"maxheight",
	] ) {
		if ( p.has(key) ) {
			widget.(key)( p.get(key) );
		}
	}
	return widget;
}

function Window ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Window",
		p,
		_with_geometry_props( [
			"id",
			"title",
			"width",
			"height",
			"resizable",
			"modal",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		] ),
	);

	return new _WindowClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		title: p.get( "title", "" ),
		width: p.get( "width", 800 ),
		height: p.get( "height", 600 ),
		minwidth: p.get( "minwidth", null ),
		minheight: p.get( "minheight", null ),
		maxwidth: p.get( "maxwidth", null ),
		maxheight: p.get( "maxheight", null ),
		resizable: p.get( "resizable", true ),
		modal: p.get( "modal", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	);
}

function VBox ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"VBox",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"align",
			"gap",
			"padding",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	_assert_prop_value(
		"VBox",
		"align",
		p.get( "align", "top" ),
		[ "top", "centre", "bottom", "stretch" ],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _VBoxClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		align: p.get( "align", "top" ),
		gap: p.get( "gap", 0 ),
		padding: p.get( "padding", 0 ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function HBox ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"HBox",
		p,
		_with_geometry_props( [
			"id",
			"align",
			"gap",
			"padding",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		] ),
	);

	_assert_prop_value(
		"HBox",
		"align",
		p.get( "align", "left" ),
		[ "left", "centre", "right", "stretch" ],
	);

	return new _HBoxClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		align: p.get( "align", "left" ),
		gap: p.get( "gap", 0 ),
		padding: p.get( "padding", 0 ),
		width: p.get( "width", null ),
		height: p.get( "height", null ),
		minwidth: p.get( "minwidth", null ),
		minheight: p.get( "minheight", null ),
		maxwidth: p.get( "maxwidth", null ),
		maxheight: p.get( "maxheight", null ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	);
}

function Frame ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Frame",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"label",
			"collapsible",
			"collapsed",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _FrameClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		label: p.get( "label", "" ),
		collapsible: p.get( "collapsible", false ),
		collapsed: p.get( "collapsed", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Label ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Label",
		p,
		[ "id", "text", "for", "visible", "enabled", "disabled" ],
	);

	let label := new _LabelClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		text: p.get( "text", "" ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	);
	if ( p.has("for") ) {
		label.set_for_id( p.get( "for", null ) );
	}

	return _apply_geometry( label, p );
}

function Text ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Text",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"value",
			"multiline",
			"readonly",
			"wrap",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _TextClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		value: p.get( "value", "" ),
		multiline: p.get( "multiline", false ),
		readonly: p.get( "readonly", false ),
		wrap: p.get( "wrap", true ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function RichText ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"RichText",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"value",
			"multiline",
			"readonly",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _RichTextClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		value: p.get( "value", "" ),
		multiline: p.get( "multiline", true ),
		readonly: p.get( "readonly", true ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Image ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Image",
		p,
		[ "id", "src", "alt", "fit", "visible", "enabled", "disabled" ],
	);

	_assert_prop_value(
		"Image",
		"fit",
		p.get( "fit", "none" ),
		[ "none", "contain", "cover", "stretch" ],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _ImageClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		src: p.get( "src", "" ),
		alt: p.get( "alt", "" ),
		fit: p.get( "fit", "none" ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Input ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Input",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"value",
			"placeholder",
			"multiline",
			"readonly",
			"password",
			"required",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _InputClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		value: p.get( "value", "" ),
		placeholder: p.get( "placeholder", "" ),
		multiline: p.get( "multiline", false ),
		readonly: p.get( "readonly", false ),
		password: p.get( "password", false ),
		required: p.get( "required", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function DatePicker ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"DatePicker",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"value",
			"min",
			"max",
			"first_day_of_week",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _DatePickerClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		value: p.get( "value", null ),
		min: p.get( "min", null ),
		max: p.get( "max", null ),
		first_day_of_week: p.get( "first_day_of_week", 0 ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Checkbox ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Checkbox",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"label",
			"checked",
			"indeterminate",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _CheckboxClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		label: p.get( "label", "" ),
		checked: p.get( "checked", false ),
		indeterminate: p.get( "indeterminate", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Radio ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Radio",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"label",
			"value",
			"group",
			"checked",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _RadioClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		label: p.get( "label", "" ),
		value: p.get( "value", "" ),
		group: p.get( "group", null ),
		checked: p.get( "checked", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function RadioGroup ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"RadioGroup",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"name",
			"value",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _RadioGroupClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		name: p.get( "name", "" ),
		value: p.get( "value", null ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Select ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Select",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"value",
			"options",
			"multiple",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	if ( p.has("options") ) {
		_assert_prop_array( "Select", "options", p.get("options") );
	}

	return _apply_geometry( new _SelectClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		value: p.get( "value", null ),
		options: p.get( "options", [] ),
		multiple: p.get( "multiple", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Menu ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Menu",
		p,
		[ "id", "text", "visible", "enabled", "disabled" ],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _MenuClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		text: p.get( "text", "" ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function MenuItem ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"MenuItem",
		p,
		[ "id", "text", "disabled", "visible", "enabled" ],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _MenuItemClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		text: p.get( "text", "" ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Button ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Button",
		p,
		_with_geometry_props( [
			"id",
			"text",
			"variant",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		] ),
	);

	_assert_prop_value(
		"Button",
		"variant",
		p.get( "variant", "default" ),
		[ "default", "primary", "danger" ],
	);

	return new _ButtonClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		text: p.get( "text", "" ),
		variant: p.get( "variant", "default" ),
		width: p.get( "width", null ),
		height: p.get( "height", null ),
		minwidth: p.get( "minwidth", null ),
		minheight: p.get( "minheight", null ),
		maxwidth: p.get( "maxwidth", null ),
		maxheight: p.get( "maxheight", null ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	);
}

function Separator ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Separator",
		p,
		[ "id", "orientation", "visible", "enabled", "disabled" ],
	);

	_assert_prop_value(
		"Separator",
		"orientation",
		p.get( "orientation", "horizontal" ),
		[ "horizontal", "vertical" ],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _SeparatorClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		orientation: p.get( "orientation", "horizontal" ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Slider ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Slider",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"value",
			"min",
			"max",
			"step",
			"orientation",
			"readonly",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	_assert_prop_value(
		"Slider",
		"orientation",
		p.get( "orientation", "horizontal" ),
		[ "horizontal", "vertical" ],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _SliderClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		value: p.get( "value", 0 ),
		min: p.get( "min", 0 ),
		max: p.get( "max", 100 ),
		step: p.get( "step", 1 ),
		orientation: p.get( "orientation", "horizontal" ),
		readonly: p.get( "readonly", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Progress ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Progress",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"value",
			"min",
			"max",
			"indeterminate",
			"show_text",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _ProgressClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		value: p.get( "value", 0 ),
		min: p.get( "min", 0 ),
		max: p.get( "max", 100 ),
		indeterminate: p.get( "indeterminate", false ),
		show_text: p.get( "show_text", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Tabs ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Tabs",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"selected",
			"placement",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	_assert_prop_value(
		"Tabs",
		"placement",
		p.get( "placement", "top" ),
		[ "top", "bottom", "left", "right" ],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _TabsClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		selected: p.get( "selected", null ),
		placement: p.get( "placement", "top" ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function Tab ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"Tab",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"title",
			"value",
			"selected",
			"closable",
			"icon",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	return _apply_geometry( new _TabClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		title: p.get( "title", "" ),
		value: p.get( "value", "" ),
		selected: p.get( "selected", false ),
		closable: p.get( "closable", false ),
		icon: p.get( "icon", null ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function ListView ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"ListView",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"items",
			"selected_index",
			"multiple",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	if ( p.has("items") ) {
		_assert_prop_array( "ListView", "items", p.get("items") );
	}

	return _apply_geometry( new _ListViewClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		items: p.get( "items", [] ),
		selected_index: p.get( "selected_index", null ),
		multiple: p.get( "multiple", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function TreeView ( ... PairList p, Array c ) {
	_assert_known_props(
		"TreeView",
		p,
		[
			"id",
			"items",
			"selected_path",
			"multiple",
			"visible",
			"enabled",
			"disabled",
		],
	);

	if ( p.has("items") ) {
		_assert_prop_array( "TreeView", "items", p.get("items") );
	}
	if ( p.has("selected_path") ) {
		_assert_prop_array( "TreeView", "selected_path", p.get("selected_path") );
	}

	return _apply_geometry( new _TreeViewClass(
		id: p.get( "id", null ),
		items: p.get( "items", [] ),
		selected_path: p.get( "selected_path", [] ),
		multiple: p.get( "multiple", false ),
		visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
		enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
		disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
		children: c,
	), p );
}

function _binding_path_class ( path_class ) {
	if ( path_class ≡ null ) {
		return ZZPath;
	}
	if ( not( path_class instanceof Class ) ) {
		die "GUI_BIND_PATH: paths special property must be Class or null";
	}
	return path_class;
}

function _binding_compile_path ( String path_text, path_class ) {
	if ( path_class ≡ null ) {
		try {
			return new ZZPath( path: path_text );
		}
		catch ( Exception e ) {
			die `GUI_BIND_PATH: ${e{message}}`;
		}
	}

	let path_type := _binding_path_class(path_class);
	try {
		return new path_type( path: path_text );
	}
	catch ( Exception e ) {
		die `GUI_BIND_PATH: ${e{message}}`;
	}
}

function _binding_path ( pathish, path_class ) {
	if ( pathish instanceof String ) {
		return _binding_compile_path( pathish, path_class );
	}
	if (
		pathish can first
		and ( pathish can assign_first or pathish can ref_first )
	) {
		return pathish;
	}

	die "GUI_BIND_PATH: binding path must be String or path-like Object";
}

function _binding_get ( model, path ) {
	return path.first( model, null );
}

function _binding_set ( model, path, value ) {
	if ( path can assign_first ) {
		return path.assign_first( model, value );
	}

	let ref := path.ref_first(model);
	return ref(value);
}

class BindingToken {
	let Widget widget but weak;
	let String widget_prop;
	let model;
	let model_path;
	let String event := "change";
	let listener := null;
	let Boolean _active := true;

	method is_active () {
		return _active;
	}

	method set_listener ( token ) {
		listener := token;
		return self;
	}

	method sync_model_to_widget () {
		widget.(widget_prop)( _binding_get( model, model_path ) );
		return self;
	}

	method sync_widget_to_model () {
		_binding_set( model, model_path, widget.(widget_prop)() );
		return self;
	}

	method unbind () {
		if ( _active and listener ≢ null ) {
			widget.off(listener);
		}
		_active := false;
		return self;
	}
}

function bind (
	Widget widget,
	String widget_prop,
	model,
	model_path,
	... PairList p
) {
	let path := _binding_path( model_path, getupperprop( 1, "paths" ) );

	let token := new BindingToken(
		widget: widget,
		widget_prop: widget_prop,
		model: model,
		model_path: path,
		event: p.get( "event", "change" ),
	);
	let event_name := p.get( "event", "change" );

	switch ( p.get( "initial", "model" ): eq ) {
		case "model":
			token.sync_model_to_widget();
		case "widget":
			token.sync_widget_to_model();
		case "none":
			// No initial sync.
		default:
			die "GUI_BIND_INITIAL: initial must be model, widget, or none";
	}

	token.set_listener(
		widget.on( event_name, function () {
			if ( token.is_active() ) {
				token.sync_widget_to_model();
			}
		} ),
	);
	return token;
}

function unbind ( BindingToken token ) {
	return token.unbind();
}

let GUI_XML_NS := "https://zuzulang.org/ns/std/gui";

function _xml_error ( String code, String message ) {
	die `${code}: ${message}`;
}

function _xml_tag_name ( node ) {
	return node.localName() ?: node.nodeName();
}

function _xml_assert_namespace ( node ) {
	let ns := node.namespaceURI();
	if ( ns ≢ null and ns ≢ "" and ns ≢ GUI_XML_NS ) {
		_xml_error(
			"GUI_XML_STRUCTURE",
			`unsupported GUI XML namespace '${ns}'`,
		);
	}
}

function _xml_common_allowed ( Array extra ) {
	let out := [
		"id",
		"visible",
		"enabled",
		"disabled",
		"width",
		"height",
		"minwidth",
		"minheight",
		"maxwidth",
		"maxheight",
	];
	for ( let attr in extra ) {
		out.push(attr);
	}
	return out;
}

function _xml_allowed_attrs ( String tag ) {
	switch ( tag: eq ) {
		case "Window":
			return _xml_common_allowed(
				[ "title", "width", "height", "resizable", "modal" ],
			);
		case "VBox", "HBox":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "align", "gap", "padding" ] );
		case "Frame":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "label", "collapsible", "collapsed" ] );
		case "Label":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "text", "for" ] );
		case "Text":
			return _xml_common_allowed(
				[ "value", "multiline", "readonly", "wrap" ],
			);
		case "RichText":
			return _xml_common_allowed(
				[ "value", "multiline", "readonly" ],
			);
		case "Image":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "src", "alt", "fit" ] );
		case "Input":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [
				"value",
				"placeholder",
				"multiline",
				"readonly",
				"password",
				"required",
			] );
		case "DatePicker":
			return _xml_common_allowed(
				[ "value", "min", "max", "first_day_of_week" ],
			);
		case "Checkbox":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "label", "checked", "indeterminate" ] );
		case "Radio":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "label", "value", "group", "checked" ] );
		case "RadioGroup":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "name", "value" ] );
		case "Select":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "value", "multiple" ] );
		case "Menu":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "text" ] );
		case "MenuItem":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "text" ] );
		case "Button":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "text", "variant" ] );
		case "Separator":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "orientation" ] );
		case "Slider":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [
				"value",
				"min",
				"max",
				"step",
				"orientation",
				"readonly",
			] );
		case "Progress":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [
				"value",
				"min",
				"max",
				"indeterminate",
				"show_text",
			] );
		case "Tabs":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "selected", "placement" ] );
		case "Tab":
			return _xml_common_allowed(
				[ "title", "value", "selected", "closable", "icon" ],
			);
		case "ListView":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "selected_index", "multiple" ] );
		case "TreeView":
			return _xml_common_allowed( [ "selected_path", "multiple" ] );
	}

	_xml_error( "GUI_XML_STRUCTURE", `unsupported GUI XML element '${tag}'` );
}

function _xml_bool_attrs ( String tag ) {
	return [
		"visible",
		"enabled",
		"disabled",
		"resizable",
		"modal",
		"collapsible",
		"collapsed",
		"multiline",
		"readonly",
		"wrap",
		"password",
		"required",
		"checked",
		"indeterminate",
		"multiple",
		"show_text",
		"selected",
		"closable",
	];
}

function _xml_number_attrs ( String tag ) {
	return [
		"width",
		"height",
		"minwidth",
		"minheight",
		"maxwidth",
		"maxheight",
		"gap",
		"padding",
		"first_day_of_week",
		"selected_index",
		"value",
		"min",
		"max",
		"step",
	];
}

function _xml_bool ( String tag, String attr, String raw ) {
	switch ( lc(raw): eq ) {
		case "true", "1", "yes", "on": return true;
		case "false", "0", "no", "off": return false;
	}
	_xml_error(
		"GUI_XML_ATTR_TYPE",
		`${tag}.${attr} expects a boolean XML attribute`,
	);
}

function _xml_number ( String tag, String attr, String raw ) {
	if ( not ( raw ~ /^-?[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?$/ ) ) {
		_xml_error(
			"GUI_XML_ATTR_TYPE",
			`${tag}.${attr} expects a numeric XML attribute`,
		);
	}
	return 0 + raw;
}

function _xml_int_list ( String tag, String attr, String raw ) {
	let out := [];
	return out if raw eq "";
	for ( let part in split( raw, "," ) ) {
		let item := trim(part);
		if ( not ( item ~ /^-?[0-9]+$/ ) ) {
			_xml_error(
				"GUI_XML_ATTR_TYPE",
				`${tag}.${attr} expects comma-separated integers`,
			);
		}
		out.push( 0 + item );
	}
	return out;
}

function _xml_coerce_attr ( String tag, String attr, String raw ) {
	if ( attr eq "selected" and tag eq "Tabs" ) {
		return raw;
	}
	if ( attr eq "value" and tag ∉ [ "Slider", "Progress" ] ) {
		return raw;
	}
	if ( attr eq "min" and tag eq "DatePicker" ) {
		return raw;
	}
	if ( attr eq "max" and tag eq "DatePicker" ) {
		return raw;
	}
	if ( attr eq "selected_path" ) {
		return _xml_int_list( tag, attr, raw );
	}
	if ( attr ∈ _xml_bool_attrs(tag) ) {
		return _xml_bool( tag, attr, raw );
	}
	if ( attr ∈ _xml_number_attrs(tag) ) {
		return _xml_number( tag, attr, raw );
	}
	return raw;
}

function _xml_attrs ( node ) {
	let tag := _xml_tag_name(node);
	let props := {};
	let meta := {};
	let meta_keys := [];
	let style := {};
	let style_keys := [];
	let allowed := _xml_allowed_attrs(tag);

	for ( let attr in node.attributeNames() ) {
		next if attr eq "xmlns";
		next if substr( attr, 0, 6 ) eq "xmlns:";
		let value := node.getAttribute(attr);
		if ( substr( attr, 0, 5 ) eq "meta." ) {
			let key := substr( attr, 5 );
			_xml_error( "GUI_XML_ATTR_UNKNOWN", "empty meta attribute name" )
				if key eq "";
			meta{(key)} := value;
			meta_keys.push(key);
			next;
		}
		if ( substr( attr, 0, 6 ) eq "style." ) {
			let key := substr( attr, 6 );
			_xml_error( "GUI_XML_ATTR_UNKNOWN", "empty style attribute name" )
				if key eq "";
			style{(key)} := value;
			style_keys.push(key);
			next;
		}
		if ( attr ∉ allowed ) {
			_xml_error(
				"GUI_XML_ATTR_UNKNOWN",
				`${tag} does not accept XML attribute '${attr}'`,
			);
		}
		props{(attr)} := _xml_coerce_attr( tag, attr, value );
	}

	return {
		props: props,
		meta: meta,
		meta_keys: meta_keys,
		style: style,
		style_keys: style_keys,
	};
}

function _xml_apply_meta ( Widget widget, Dict meta, Array keys ) {
	for ( let key in keys ) {
		widget.meta( key, meta{(key)} );
	}
	if ( keys.length() > 0 ) {
		widget.meta( "__xml_meta_keys", keys );
	}
	return widget;
}

function _xml_apply_style ( Widget widget, Dict style, Array keys ) {
	for ( let key in keys ) {
		widget.style( key, style{(key)} );
	}
	if ( keys.length() > 0 ) {
		widget.meta( "__xml_style_keys", keys );
	}
	return widget;
}

function _xml_widget_from_node ( node ) {
	_xml_assert_namespace(node);

	let tag := _xml_tag_name(node);
	let child_widgets := [];
	for ( let child in node.children() ) {
		child_widgets.push( _xml_widget_from_node(child) );
	}
	let parsed := _xml_attrs(node);
	let p := parsed{props};
	let widget;

	switch ( tag: eq ) {
		case "Window":
			widget := new _WindowClass(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				title: p.get( "title", "" ),
				width: p.get( "width", 800 ),
				height: p.get( "height", 600 ),
				resizable: p.get( "resizable", true ),
				modal: p.get( "modal", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
				children: child_widgets,
			);
		case "VBox":
			widget := new _VBoxClass(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				align: p.get( "align", "top" ),
				gap: p.get( "gap", 0 ),
				padding: p.get( "padding", 0 ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
				children: child_widgets,
			);
		case "HBox":
			widget := new _HBoxClass(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				align: p.get( "align", "left" ),
				gap: p.get( "gap", 0 ),
				padding: p.get( "padding", 0 ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
				children: child_widgets,
			);
		case "Frame":
			widget := new _FrameClass(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				label: p.get( "label", "" ),
				collapsible: p.get( "collapsible", false ),
				collapsed: p.get( "collapsed", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
				children: child_widgets,
			);
		case "Label":
			widget := Label(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				text: p.get( "text", "" ),
				("for"): p.get( "for", null ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Text":
			widget := Text(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				value: p.get( "value", "" ),
				multiline: p.get( "multiline", false ),
				readonly: p.get( "readonly", false ),
				wrap: p.get( "wrap", true ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "RichText":
			widget := RichText(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				value: p.get( "value", "" ),
				multiline: p.get( "multiline", true ),
				readonly: p.get( "readonly", true ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Image":
			widget := Image(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				src: p.get( "src", "" ),
				alt: p.get( "alt", "" ),
				fit: p.get( "fit", "none" ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Input":
			widget := Input(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				value: p.get( "value", "" ),
				placeholder: p.get( "placeholder", "" ),
				multiline: p.get( "multiline", false ),
				readonly: p.get( "readonly", false ),
				password: p.get( "password", false ),
				required: p.get( "required", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "DatePicker":
			widget := DatePicker(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				value: p.get( "value", null ),
				min: p.get( "min", null ),
				max: p.get( "max", null ),
				first_day_of_week: p.get( "first_day_of_week", 0 ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Checkbox":
			widget := Checkbox(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				label: p.get( "label", "" ),
				checked: p.get( "checked", false ),
				indeterminate: p.get( "indeterminate", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Radio":
			widget := Radio(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				label: p.get( "label", "" ),
				value: p.get( "value", "" ),
				group: p.get( "group", null ),
				checked: p.get( "checked", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "RadioGroup":
			widget := new _RadioGroupClass(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				name: p.get( "name", "" ),
				value: p.get( "value", null ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
				children: child_widgets,
			);
		case "Select":
			widget := Select(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				value: p.get( "value", null ),
				multiple: p.get( "multiple", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Menu":
			widget := new _MenuClass(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				text: p.get( "text", "" ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
				children: child_widgets,
			);
		case "MenuItem":
			widget := MenuItem(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				text: p.get( "text", "" ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Button":
			widget := Button(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				text: p.get( "text", "" ),
				variant: p.get( "variant", "default" ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Separator":
			widget := Separator(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				orientation: p.get( "orientation", "horizontal" ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Slider":
			widget := Slider(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				value: p.get( "value", 0 ),
				min: p.get( "min", 0 ),
				max: p.get( "max", 100 ),
				step: p.get( "step", 1 ),
				orientation: p.get( "orientation", "horizontal" ),
				readonly: p.get( "readonly", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Progress":
			widget := Progress(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				value: p.get( "value", 0 ),
				min: p.get( "min", 0 ),
				max: p.get( "max", 100 ),
				indeterminate: p.get( "indeterminate", false ),
				show_text: p.get( "show_text", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "Tabs":
			widget := new _TabsClass(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				selected: p.get( "selected", null ),
				placement: p.get( "placement", "top" ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
				children: child_widgets,
			);
		case "Tab":
			widget := new _TabClass(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				title: p.get( "title", "" ),
				value: p.get( "value", "" ),
				selected: p.get( "selected", false ),
				closable: p.get( "closable", false ),
				icon: p.get( "icon", null ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
				children: child_widgets,
			);
		case "ListView":
			widget := ListView(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				selected_index: p.get( "selected_index", null ),
				multiple: p.get( "multiple", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		case "TreeView":
			widget := TreeView(
				id: p.get( "id", null ),
				selected_path: p.get( "selected_path", [] ),
				multiple: p.get( "multiple", false ),
				visible: p.get( "visible", true ),
				enabled: p.get( "enabled", true ),
				disabled: p.get( "disabled", false ),
			);
		default:
			_xml_error(
				"GUI_XML_STRUCTURE",
				`unsupported GUI XML element '${tag}'`,
			);
	}

	_xml_apply_meta( widget, parsed{meta}, parsed{meta_keys} );
	return _xml_apply_style( widget, parsed{style}, parsed{style_keys} );
}

function gui_from_xml ( String xml ) {
	return _xml_widget_from_node( XML.parse(xml).documentElement() );
}

function gui_from_xml_file ( path ) {
	die "XML.load is denied by runtime policy" if __system__{deny_fs};
	from std/io import Path;
	let file := path instanceof Path ? path : new Path(path);
	return _xml_widget_from_node( XML.load(file).documentElement() );
}

function _xml_tag_for_widget ( Widget widget ) {
	if ( widget instanceof _WindowClass ) { return "Window"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _VBoxClass ) { return "VBox"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _HBoxClass ) { return "HBox"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _FrameClass ) { return "Frame"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _LabelClass ) { return "Label"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _TextClass ) { return "Text"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _RichTextClass ) { return "RichText"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _ImageClass ) { return "Image"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _InputClass ) { return "Input"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _DatePickerClass ) { return "DatePicker"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _CheckboxClass ) { return "Checkbox"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _RadioClass ) { return "Radio"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _RadioGroupClass ) { return "RadioGroup"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _SelectClass ) { return "Select"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _MenuClass ) { return "Menu"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _MenuItemClass ) { return "MenuItem"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _ButtonClass ) { return "Button"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _SeparatorClass ) { return "Separator"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _SliderClass ) { return "Slider"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _ProgressClass ) { return "Progress"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _TabsClass ) { return "Tabs"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _TabClass ) { return "Tab"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _ListViewClass ) { return "ListView"; }
	if ( widget instanceof _TreeViewClass ) { return "TreeView"; }
	_xml_error( "GUI_XML_STRUCTURE", "unsupported widget for gui_to_xml" );
}

function _xml_attr ( String name, value ) {
	return "" if value ≡ null;
	return ` ${name}="${escape_xml(value)}"`;
}

function _xml_attr_if ( String name, value, fallback ) {
	return "" if value ≡ fallback;
	return _xml_attr( name, value );
}

function _xml_bool_attr_if ( String name, value, fallback ) {
	let normalized := value ? true : false;
	let normalized_fallback := fallback ? true : false;
	return "" if normalized ≡ normalized_fallback;
	return _xml_attr( name, normalized ? "true" : "false" );
}

function _xml_attr_nonempty ( String name, value ) {
	return "" if value ≡ null or value eq "";
	return _xml_attr( name, value );
}

function _xml_join_ints ( Array values ) {
	let out := [];
	for ( let value in values ) {
		out.push( "" _ value );
	}
	return join( ",", out );
}

function _xml_meta_attrs ( Widget widget ) {
	let keys := widget.meta( "__xml_meta_keys" ) ?: [];
	let out := "";
	for ( let key in keys ) {
		out _= _xml_attr( "meta." _ key, widget.meta(key) );
	}
	return out;
}

function _xml_style_attrs ( Widget widget ) {
	let keys := widget.meta( "__xml_style_keys" ) ?: [];
	let out := "";
	for ( let key in keys ) {
		out _= _xml_attr( "style." _ key, widget.style(key) );
	}
	return out;
}

function _xml_common_attrs ( Widget widget ) {
	let out := "";
	out _= _xml_attr( "id", widget.id() ) if widget.id() ≢ null;
	out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "visible", widget.visible(), true );
	out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "disabled", not widget.enabled(), false );
	out _= _xml_meta_attrs(widget);
	out _= _xml_style_attrs(widget);
	return out;
}

function _xml_widget_attrs ( Widget widget ) {
	let out := _xml_common_attrs(widget);
	if ( widget instanceof _WindowClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "title", widget.title(), "" );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _VBoxClass or widget instanceof _HBoxClass ) {
		let default_align := widget instanceof _VBoxClass ? "top" : "left";
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "align", widget.align(), default_align );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "gap", widget.gap(), 0 );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "padding", widget.padding(), 0 )
			unless widget.padding() instanceof Array;
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _FrameClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "label", widget.label(), "" );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "collapsible", widget.collapsible(), false );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "collapsed", widget.collapsed(), false );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _LabelClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "text", widget.text(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr_nonempty( "for", widget.for_id() );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _TextClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "value", widget.value(), "" );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "multiline", widget.multiline(), false );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "readonly", widget.readonly(), false );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "wrap", widget.wrap(), true );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _RichTextClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "value", widget.value(), "" );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "multiline", widget.multiline(), true );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "readonly", widget.readonly(), true );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _ImageClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "src", widget.src(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "alt", widget.alt(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "fit", widget.fit(), "none" );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _InputClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "value", widget.value(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "placeholder", widget.placeholder(), "" );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "multiline", widget.multiline(), false );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "readonly", widget.readonly(), false );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "password", widget.password(), false );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "required", widget.required(), false );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _DatePickerClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr( "value", widget.value() );
		out _= _xml_attr( "min", widget.min() ) if widget.min() ≢ null;
		out _= _xml_attr( "max", widget.max() ) if widget.max() ≢ null;
		out _= _xml_attr_if(
			"first_day_of_week",
			widget.first_day_of_week(),
			0,
		);
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _CheckboxClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "label", widget.label(), "" );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "checked", widget.checked(), false );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "indeterminate", widget.indeterminate(), false );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _RadioClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "label", widget.label(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "value", widget.value(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr_nonempty( "group", widget.group() );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "checked", widget.checked(), false );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _RadioGroupClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "name", widget.name(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr( "value", widget.value() ) if widget.value() ≢ null;
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _SelectClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr( "value", widget.value() ) if widget.value() ≢ null;
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "multiple", widget.multiple(), false );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _MenuClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "text", widget.text(), "" );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _MenuItemClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "text", widget.text(), "" );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _ButtonClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "text", widget.text(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "variant", widget.variant(), "default" );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _SeparatorClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "orientation", widget.orientation(), "horizontal" );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _SliderClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "value", widget.value(), 0 );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "min", widget.min(), 0 );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "max", widget.max(), 100 );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "step", widget.step(), 1 );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "orientation", widget.orientation(), "horizontal" );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "readonly", widget.readonly(), false );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _ProgressClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "value", widget.value(), 0 );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "min", widget.min(), 0 );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "max", widget.max(), 100 );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "indeterminate", widget.indeterminate(), false );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "show_text", widget.show_text(), false );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _TabsClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr( "selected", widget.selected() )
			if widget.selected() ≢ null;
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "placement", widget.placement(), "top" );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _TabClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "title", widget.title(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr_if( "value", widget.value(), "" );
		out _= _xml_attr( "icon", widget.icon() ) if widget.icon() ≢ null;
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "selected", widget.selected(), false );
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "closable", widget.closable(), false );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _ListViewClass ) {
		out _= _xml_attr( "selected_index", widget.selected_index() )
			if widget.selected_index() ≢ null;
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "multiple", widget.multiple(), false );
	}
	else if ( widget instanceof _TreeViewClass ) {
		let selected_path := widget.selected_path();
		out _= _xml_attr( "selected_path", _xml_join_ints(selected_path) )
			if selected_path.length() > 0;
		out _= _xml_bool_attr_if( "multiple", widget.multiple(), false );
	}
	return out;
}

function _xml_serialize_widget ( Widget widget, Number depth ) {
	let indent := "";
	let i := 0;
	while ( i < depth ) {
		indent _= "\t";
		i++;
	}

	let tag := _xml_tag_for_widget(widget);
	let attrs := _xml_widget_attrs(widget);
	attrs _= _xml_attr( "xmlns", GUI_XML_NS ) if depth = 0;
	let children := widget.children();
	if ( children.length() = 0 ) {
		return indent _ "<" _ tag _ attrs _ " />";
	}

	let parts := [];
	for ( let child in children ) {
		parts.push( _xml_serialize_widget( child, depth + 1 ) );
	}

	return indent _ "<" _ tag _ attrs _ ">\n"
		_ join( "\n", parts )
		_ "\n" _ indent _ "</" _ tag _ ">";
}

function gui_to_xml ( Widget root ) {
	return _xml_serialize_widget( root, 0 ) _ "\n";
}