zust-parser 0.9.17

Lexer and parser for the Zust scripting language.
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
use crate::try_parse;
use dynamic::{Dynamic, Type};

use super::{Expr, Parser, Pattern, Span, expr::ExprKind, pattern::PatternKind};
use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
use smol_str::SmolStr;

/// 把 pattern 引入的所有变量绑定生成出来,追加到 `out`。
/// `access` 是该 pattern 整体对应的访问表达式(如 `__m_scrut` 或 `__m_scrut.field`)。
fn collect_bindings(pat: &Pattern, access: &Expr, out: &mut Vec<Stmt>, span: Span) {
    use crate::expr::BinaryOp;
    let mk_let_ident = |name: SmolStr, value: Expr, span: Span| {
        let p = Pattern::new(PatternKind::Ident { name, ty: Type::Any }, span);
        let value_stmt = Stmt::new(StmtKind::Expr(value, true), span);
        Stmt::new(StmtKind::Let { pat: p, value: Box::new(value_stmt) }, span)
    };
    let mk_bin = |left: Expr, op: BinaryOp, right: Expr, span: Span| Expr::new(ExprKind::Binary { left: Box::new(left), op, right: Box::new(right) }, span);
    let mk_idx_int = |obj: Expr, i: i32, span: Span| mk_bin(obj, BinaryOp::Idx, Expr::new(ExprKind::Value(Dynamic::I32(i)), span), span);
    let mk_field = |obj: Expr, name: SmolStr, span: Span| mk_bin(obj, BinaryOp::Idx, Expr::new(ExprKind::Value(Dynamic::String(name)), span), span);

    match &pat.kind {
        PatternKind::Ident { name, .. } => {
            out.push(mk_let_ident(name.clone(), access.clone(), span));
        }
        PatternKind::Tuple(items) => {
            for (i, p) in items.iter().enumerate() {
                let elem = mk_idx_int(access.clone(), i as i32, span);
                collect_bindings(p, &elem, out, span);
            }
        }
        PatternKind::List { elems, has_rest } => {
            let prefix = if *has_rest { elems.len() - 1 } else { elems.len() };
            for (i, p) in elems.iter().take(prefix).enumerate() {
                let elem = mk_idx_int(access.clone(), i as i32, span);
                collect_bindings(p, &elem, out, span);
            }
            if *has_rest {
                if let PatternKind::Ident { name, .. } = &elems.last().unwrap().kind {
                    // 切片: access[prefix..];用 `ExprKind::Range` 而不是 `Binary{RangeOpen}`,
                    // 与 parser 产物一致,这样下游 type infer / 优化都走同一条路径。
                    let from = Expr::new(ExprKind::Value((prefix as u32).into()), span);
                    let range = Expr::new(ExprKind::Range { start: Box::new(from), stop: Box::new(Expr::new(ExprKind::Value(Dynamic::Null), span)), inclusive: false }, span);
                    let slice = Expr::new(ExprKind::Binary { left: Box::new(access.clone()), op: BinaryOp::Idx, right: Box::new(range) }, span);
                    out.push(mk_let_ident(name.clone(), slice, span));
                }
            }
        }
        PatternKind::Struct { fields, .. } => {
            for (fname, sub) in fields {
                let field_access = mk_field(access.clone(), fname.clone(), span);
                match sub {
                    None => {
                        // 简写 `field` —— 绑定同名变量
                        out.push(mk_let_ident(fname.clone(), field_access, span));
                    }
                    Some(sub_pat) => {
                        collect_bindings(sub_pat, &field_access, out, span);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        // 其它(Wildcard / Literal / Var / Member / Idx)在 match 上下文中不产生绑定
        _ => {}
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Stmt {
    pub kind: StmtKind,
    pub span: Span,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum StmtKind {
    Let { pat: Pattern, value: Box<Stmt> },
    Expr(Expr, bool),
    Block(Vec<Stmt>),
    Break,
    Continue,
    Return(Option<Expr>),
    While { cond: Expr, body: Box<Stmt> },
    Loop(Box<Stmt>),
    For { pat: Pattern, range: Expr, body: Box<Stmt> },
    Fn { name: SmolStr, generic_params: Vec<Type>, args: Vec<(SmolStr, Type)>, body: Box<Stmt>, is_pub: bool },
    Struct { name: SmolStr, def: Type, is_pub: bool },
    Impl { target: Type, body: Box<Stmt> },
    If { cond: Expr, then_body: Box<Stmt>, else_body: Option<Box<Stmt>> },
    Static { name: SmolStr, ty: Type, value: Option<Expr>, is_pub: bool },
    Const { name: SmolStr, ty: Type, value: Expr, is_pub: bool },
}

impl Stmt {
    pub fn new(kind: StmtKind, span: Span) -> Self {
        Self { kind, span }
    }

    pub fn expr(&self) -> Option<Expr> {
        if let StmtKind::Expr(expr, _) = &self.kind { Some(expr.clone()) } else { None }
    }

    pub fn is_return(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(self.kind, StmtKind::Return(_))
    }

    pub fn last_return(&mut self) -> bool {
        match &mut self.kind {
            StmtKind::Block(stmts) => stmts.last_mut().map(|stmt| stmt.last_return()).unwrap_or(false),
            StmtKind::If { then_body, else_body, .. } => {
                let then_returns = then_body.last_return();
                let else_returns = else_body.as_mut().map(|body| body.last_return()).unwrap_or(false);
                then_returns && else_returns
            }
            StmtKind::Expr(e, close) => {
                if !*close {
                    let span = e.span;
                    *self = Self::new(StmtKind::Return(Some(std::mem::take(e))), span);
                    true
                } else {
                    false
                }
            }
            StmtKind::Return(_) => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    pub fn get_type(&self) -> Option<Type> {
        match &self.kind {
            StmtKind::Expr(expr, _) => Some(expr.get_type()),
            StmtKind::Block(stmts) => stmts.last().and_then(|stmt| stmt.get_type()),
            StmtKind::If { then_body, .. } => then_body.get_type(),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    fn get_assign(idx: u32, expr: Expr) -> Self {
        let span = expr.span;
        Self::new(StmtKind::Expr(Expr::new(ExprKind::Binary { left: Box::new(Expr::new(ExprKind::Var(idx), span)), op: crate::BinaryOp::Assign, right: Box::new(expr) }, span), true), span)
    }

    fn get_idx_assign(pat: Expr, idx: usize, expr: Expr) -> Self {
        let span = pat.span.merge(expr.span);
        let right = Expr::new(ExprKind::Binary { left: Box::new(expr), op: crate::BinaryOp::Idx, right: Box::new(Expr::new(ExprKind::Value((idx as u32).into()), span)) }, span);
        Self::new(StmtKind::Expr(Expr::new(ExprKind::Binary { left: Box::new(pat), op: crate::BinaryOp::Assign, right: Box::new(right) }, span), true), span)
    }

    fn get_assign_expr(pat: Expr, expr: Expr) -> Self {
        let span = pat.span.merge(expr.span);
        Self::new(StmtKind::Expr(Expr::new(ExprKind::Binary { left: Box::new(pat), op: crate::BinaryOp::Assign, right: Box::new(expr) }, span), true), span)
    }

    pub fn bind_pattern(&mut self, pat: Pattern) -> Result<()> {
        if let Some(expr) = self.expr() {
            let stmt = match pat.kind {
                PatternKind::Var { idx, ty } => {
                    if expr.get_type() != ty {
                        Self::get_assign(idx, Expr::new(ExprKind::Typed { value: Box::new(expr), ty }, pat.span))
                    } else {
                        Self::get_assign(idx, expr)
                    }
                }
                PatternKind::Tuple(list) => {
                    let mut stmts = Vec::new();
                    for (idx, p) in list.into_iter().enumerate() {
                        match p.expr() {
                            Ok(p) => stmts.push(Self::get_idx_assign(p, idx, expr.clone())),
                            Err(e) => return Err(e),
                        }
                    }
                    Self::new(StmtKind::Block(stmts), self.span)
                }
                PatternKind::List { elems, has_rest } => {
                    let mut stmts = Vec::new();
                    let prefix_count = if has_rest { elems.len() - 1 } else { elems.len() };
                    for (idx, p) in elems.iter().take(prefix_count).enumerate() {
                        match p.expr() {
                            Ok(p) => stmts.push(Self::get_idx_assign(p, idx, expr.clone())),
                            Err(e) => return Err(e),
                        }
                    }
                    if has_rest {
                        // 最后一个元素是 `..rest`,把它绑定为 expr[prefix_count..] 的切片。
                        let rest_pat = elems.last().unwrap();
                        let rest_expr = match &rest_pat.kind {
                            PatternKind::Ident { name, .. } => Expr::new(ExprKind::Ident(name.clone()), rest_pat.span),
                            PatternKind::Var { idx, .. } => Expr::new(ExprKind::Var(*idx), rest_pat.span),
                            _ => return Err(anyhow!("..rest 后的模式必须是标识符")),
                        };
                        let from = Expr::new(ExprKind::Value((prefix_count as u32).into()), rest_pat.span);
                        // 用 `ExprKind::Range` 与 parser 产物对齐,确保下游 type infer 走切片分支。
                        let range = Expr::new(ExprKind::Range { start: Box::new(from), stop: Box::new(Expr::new(ExprKind::Value(Dynamic::Null), rest_pat.span)), inclusive: false }, rest_pat.span);
                        let slice_idx = Expr::new(ExprKind::Binary { left: Box::new(expr.clone()), op: crate::BinaryOp::Idx, right: Box::new(range) }, rest_pat.span);
                        stmts.push(Self::get_assign_expr(rest_expr, slice_idx));
                    }
                    Self::new(StmtKind::Block(stmts), self.span)
                }
                p => return Err(anyhow!("不支持的模式绑定: {:?}", p)),
            };
            let _ = std::mem::replace(self, stmt);
        } else {
            match &mut self.kind {
                StmtKind::Block(stmts) => {
                    if let Some(stmt) = stmts.last_mut() {
                        stmt.bind_pattern(pat)?;
                    }
                }
                StmtKind::If { then_body, else_body, .. } => {
                    then_body.bind_pattern(pat.clone())?;
                    if let Some(e) = else_body {
                        e.bind_pattern(pat)?;
                    }
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

use std::fmt;
impl fmt::Display for Stmt {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match &self.kind {
            StmtKind::Let { pat, value } => writeln!(f, "let {:?} = {}", pat, value)?,
            StmtKind::Block(stmts) => stmts.iter().for_each(|s| {
                let _ = write!(f, "{}", s);
            }),
            StmtKind::Expr(expr, close) => writeln!(f, "{:?}[{}]", expr, close)?,
            StmtKind::Break => writeln!(f, "break")?,
            StmtKind::Continue => writeln!(f, "continue")?,
            StmtKind::Return(r) => writeln!(f, "return {:?}", r)?,
            StmtKind::While { cond, body } => write!(f, "while {:?}\n{}", cond, body)?,
            StmtKind::Loop(body) => write!(f, "loop\n{}", body)?,
            StmtKind::For { pat, range, body } => writeln!(f, "for {:?} in {:?} \n{}", pat, range, body)?,
            StmtKind::If { cond, then_body, else_body } => {
                write!(f, "if {:?}\nthen-> {}\n", cond, then_body)?;
                if let Some(e) = else_body {
                    writeln!(f, "{}", e)?;
                }
            }
            StmtKind::Fn { name, generic_params, args, body, is_pub } => {
                let generic_suffix = if generic_params.is_empty() { String::new() } else { format!("<{:?}>", generic_params) };
                if *is_pub {
                    write!(f, "pub fn {:?}{} {:?}\n", name, generic_suffix, args)?
                } else {
                    write!(f, "fn {:?}{} {:?}\n", name, generic_suffix, args)?
                }
                write!(f, "{}", body)?;
            }
            _ => write!(f, "(todo display: {:?})", self.kind)?,
        }
        fmt::Result::Ok(())
    }
}

impl Parser {
    pub fn ident_typed(&mut self) -> Result<(SmolStr, Type)> {
        let name = self.ident()?;
        self.whitespace()?;
        if self.take(b':').is_ok() { Ok((name, self.get_type()?)) } else { Ok((name, Type::Any)) }
    }

    pub fn ident_generic(&mut self) -> Result<(SmolStr, Vec<Type>)> {
        self.whitespace()?;
        let name = self.ident()?;
        self.whitespace()?;
        let params = if self.get()? == b'<' {
            self.pos += 1;
            crate::parse_list!(self, Vec::new(), b'>', b',', self.get_type_param()?)
        } else {
            Vec::new()
        };
        Ok((name, params))
    }

    pub fn block(&mut self) -> Result<Stmt> {
        self.check_fatal()?;
        self.whitespace()?;
        let start = self.current_pos();
        if self.get()? == b'{' {
            self.pos += 1;
            self.enter_depth()?;
            self.push_decl_scope();
            let result = (|| -> Result<Stmt> {
                let body = crate::parse_list!(self, Vec::new(), b'}', 0, self.stmt(false)?);
                Ok(Stmt::new(StmtKind::Block(body), self.span_from(start)))
            })();
            self.pop_decl_scope();
            self.exit_depth();
            result
        } else {
            Err(anyhow!("not code block"))
        }
    }

    pub fn if_block(&mut self) -> Result<Stmt> {
        let start = self.spans.last().copied().unwrap_or_else(|| self.current_pos());
        let cond = self.get_expr_without_struct_literal()?;
        let then_body = Box::new(self.block()?);
        self.whitespace()?;
        let else_body = if self.keyword("else").is_ok() {
            self.whitespace()?;
            let body = if self.keyword("if").is_ok() { self.if_block()? } else { self.block()? };
            Some(Box::new(body))
        } else {
            None
        };
        Ok(Stmt::new(StmtKind::If { cond, then_body, else_body }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos())))
    }

    /// 解析 `match scrut { pat ("|" pat)* ("if" guard)? => body ","? ... }`,
    /// desugar 成 `Block + Let + If 链 + 临时变量`,返回顶层 `Block`(再由
    /// 调用方用 `ExprKind::Stmt` 包成表达式)。
    pub fn match_block(&mut self, start: usize) -> Result<Stmt> {
        use crate::expr::{BinaryOp, ExprKind, UnaryOp};
        use crate::pattern::{Pattern, PatternKind};

        // ---- 一、解析阶段 ----
        let scrut = self.get_expr_without_struct_literal()?;
        self.whitespace()?;
        self.take(b'{').map_err(|_| anyhow!("match 缺少 `{{`"))?;

        // 每个 arm 是 (pats: Vec<Pattern>, guard: Option<Expr>, body: Expr)
        let mut arms: Vec<(Vec<Pattern>, Option<Expr>, Expr)> = Vec::new();
        loop {
            self.whitespace()?;
            if self.take(b'}').is_ok() {
                break;
            }
            self.push_decl_scope();
            let arm_res: Result<(Vec<Pattern>, Option<Expr>, Expr)> = (|| {
                // 一组 pattern(用 `|` 分隔,or-pattern)
                let mut pats = vec![self.pattern()?];
                self.whitespace()?;
                while matches!(self.get(), Ok(b'|')) && !matches!(self.ahead(), Ok(b'|')) {
                    self.pos += 1;
                    self.whitespace()?;
                    pats.push(self.pattern()?);
                    self.whitespace()?;
                }
                // 声明 pattern 引入的变量(对每个 alt 都声明,允许重名 → 由
                // declare_symbol_in_current_scope 容错;这里我们只用第一个 alt 的 binding)
                for pat in &pats[..1] {
                    self.declare_pattern_symbols(pat)?;
                }
                // 校验 or-pattern:第二及之后必须是 Literal(MVP 限制)
                if pats.len() > 1 {
                    for p in &pats[1..] {
                        if !matches!(p.kind, PatternKind::Literal(_) | PatternKind::Wildcard) {
                            return Err(anyhow!("or-pattern 中除第一个外只支持字面量 / 通配模式 (MVP 限制)"));
                        }
                    }
                }
                // 可选 guard
                self.whitespace()?;
                let guard = if self.keyword("if").is_ok() {
                    self.whitespace()?;
                    Some(self.get_expr_no_assign()?)
                } else {
                    None
                };
                // `=>`
                self.whitespace()?;
                self.just("=>").map_err(|_| anyhow!("match arm 缺少 `=>`"))?;
                self.whitespace()?;
                //                let body_start = self.current_pos();
                let body = if self.get()? == b'{' {
                    let block_stmt = self.block()?;
                    Expr::new(ExprKind::Stmt(Box::new(block_stmt)), Span::new(body_start, self.current_pos()))
                } else {
                    // body 也用 no_assign 防止 `=> body, ...` 中 `,` 后或下一 arm
                    // 的 `=>` 被错误吞入(同时仍允许 +-*/ 等正常二元)。
                    self.get_expr_no_assign()?
                };
                // 容忍尾随逗号
                self.whitespace()?;
                let _ = self.take(b',');
                Ok((pats, guard, body))
            })();
            self.pop_decl_scope();
            arms.push(arm_res?);
        }
        let span = Span::new(start, self.current_pos());

        // ---- 二、声明 match 顶层临时变量 ----
        // 为避免嵌套 match 重名,加 counter 后缀(简单递增,parser 本地状态)
        let suffix = self.match_counter;
        self.match_counter += 1;
        let scrut_name: SmolStr = format!("__m_scrut_{}", suffix).into();
        let done_name: SmolStr = format!("__m_done_{}", suffix).into();
        let out_name: SmolStr = format!("__m_out_{}", suffix).into();
        self.declare_symbol_in_current_scope(&scrut_name)?;
        self.declare_symbol_in_current_scope(&done_name)?;
        self.declare_symbol_in_current_scope(&out_name)?;

        // ---- 三、构建顶层 Block ----
        let mk_ident = |name: &SmolStr, span: Span| Expr::new(ExprKind::Ident(name.clone()), span);
        let mk_value = |v: Dynamic, span: Span| Expr::new(ExprKind::Value(v), span);
        let mk_binary = |left: Expr, op: BinaryOp, right: Expr, span: Span| Expr::new(ExprKind::Binary { left: Box::new(left), op, right: Box::new(right) }, span);
        let mk_let = |name: SmolStr, value: Expr, span: Span| {
            let pat = Pattern::new(PatternKind::Ident { name, ty: Type::Any }, span);
            let value_stmt = Stmt::new(StmtKind::Expr(value, true), span);
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Let { pat, value: Box::new(value_stmt) }, span)
        };
        let mk_assign_stmt = |name: &SmolStr, value: Expr, span: Span| {
            let assign = mk_binary(mk_ident(name, span), BinaryOp::Assign, value, span);
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Expr(assign, true), span)
        };

        let mut stmts = Vec::new();
        // let __m_scrut = SCRUT;
        stmts.push(mk_let(scrut_name.clone(), scrut, span));
        // let __m_done = false;
        stmts.push(mk_let(done_name.clone(), mk_value(Dynamic::Bool(false), span), span));
        // let __m_out = null;
        stmts.push(mk_let(out_name.clone(), mk_value(Dynamic::Null, span), span));

        // 每个 arm 一个 if(顺序构造)
        for (pats, guard, body) in arms {
            let arm_span = body.span;
            let scrut_ident = mk_ident(&scrut_name, arm_span);
            // test = pat[0].test || pat[1].test || ...
            let mut test_chain = pats[0].match_test(&scrut_ident);
            for p in &pats[1..] {
                let t = p.match_test(&scrut_ident);
                test_chain = mk_binary(test_chain, BinaryOp::Or, t, arm_span);
            }
            // !__m_done && (test_chain)
            let not_done = Expr::new(ExprKind::Unary { op: UnaryOp::Not, value: Box::new(mk_ident(&done_name, arm_span)) }, arm_span);
            let outer_cond = mk_binary(not_done, BinaryOp::And, test_chain, arm_span);

            // arm body block:bind + guard + assign + done
            let mut body_stmts = Vec::new();
            collect_bindings(&pats[0], &mk_ident(&scrut_name, arm_span), &mut body_stmts, arm_span);
            // 内层 body:__m_out = BODY; __m_done = true;
            let inner_stmts = vec![mk_assign_stmt(&out_name, body, arm_span), mk_assign_stmt(&done_name, mk_value(Dynamic::Bool(true), arm_span), arm_span)];
            let inner_block = Stmt::new(StmtKind::Block(inner_stmts), arm_span);
            // 如果有 guard,再裹一层 if;否则直接展开
            if let Some(g) = guard {
                body_stmts.push(Stmt::new(StmtKind::If { cond: g, then_body: Box::new(inner_block), else_body: None }, arm_span));
            } else {
                body_stmts.push(inner_block);
            }
            let then_body = Stmt::new(StmtKind::Block(body_stmts), arm_span);
            stmts.push(Stmt::new(StmtKind::If { cond: outer_cond, then_body: Box::new(then_body), else_body: None }, arm_span));
        }
        // 末尾求值:__m_out
        stmts.push(Stmt::new(StmtKind::Expr(mk_ident(&out_name, span), false), span));

        Ok(Stmt::new(StmtKind::Block(stmts), span))
    }

    pub fn stmt(&mut self, is_pub: bool) -> Result<Stmt> {
        self.check_fatal()?;
        self.whitespace()?;
        self.spans.push(self.pos);
        let start = self.current_pos();
        // 函数体内不允许 fn / struct / impl / const / static 顶层声明。
        // 编译器对这些位置直接 panic,这里前置到 parser,让错误落到用户可见的地方。
        if self.fn_body_depth > 0 {
            for kw in &["fn", "struct", "impl", "const", "static"] {
                if self.keyword(kw).is_ok() {
                    return Err(anyhow!("函数体内不能定义 {};请移到顶层或改用闭包", kw));
                }
            }
        }
        // impl body 允许 fn(方法)和 pub fn,但拒绝嵌套 struct / impl / const / static。
        if self.impl_body_depth > 0 {
            for kw in &["struct", "impl", "const", "static"] {
                if self.keyword(kw).is_ok() {
                    return Err(anyhow!("impl 体内不能定义 {};请移到顶层", kw));
                }
            }
        }
        let stmt = if self.keyword("let").is_ok() {
            let pat = self.pattern()?;
            self.declare_pattern_symbols(&pat)?;
            self.until(b'=')?;
            self.whitespace()?;
            let value = if self.get()? == b'{' {
                if self.looks_like_dict() {
                    self.get_expr()?
                } else {
                    // 块作为表达式:{ stmts; expr } 的值是最后一条语句的值。
                    let span = self.current_pos();
                    let block_stmt = self.block()?;
                    Expr::new(ExprKind::Stmt(Box::new(block_stmt)), Span::new(span, self.current_pos()))
                }
            } else {
                self.get_expr()?
            };
            self.whitespace()?;
            let close = self.take(b';').is_ok();
            let stmt = Stmt::new(StmtKind::Expr(value, close), Span::new(start, self.current_pos()));
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Let { pat, value: Box::new(stmt) }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
        } else if self.keyword("break").is_ok() {
            self.until(b';')?;
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Break, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
        } else if self.keyword("continue").is_ok() {
            self.until(b';')?;
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Continue, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
        } else if self.keyword("return").is_ok() {
            self.whitespace()?;
            let expr = if matches!(self.get(), Ok(b';' | b'}')) { None } else { Some(self.get_expr()?) };
            self.whitespace()?;
            if self.take(b';').is_err() && !matches!(self.get(), Ok(b'}')) {
                self.until(b';')?;
            }
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Return(expr), Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
        } else if self.keyword("if").is_ok() {
            self.if_block()?
        } else if self.keyword("loop").is_ok() {
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Loop(Box::new(self.block()?)), Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
        } else if self.keyword("while").is_ok() {
            self.whitespace()?;
            let cond = self.get_expr()?;
            let body = Box::new(self.block()?);
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::While { cond, body }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
        } else if self.keyword("for").is_ok() {
            self.whitespace()?;
            let pat = self.pattern()?;
            self.whitespace()?;
            self.keyword("in")?;
            self.whitespace()?;
            let range = self.get_expr()?;
            self.push_decl_scope();
            let result: Result<Stmt> = (|| {
                self.declare_pattern_symbols(&pat)?;
                let body = Box::new(self.block()?);
                Ok(Stmt::new(StmtKind::For { pat, range, body }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos())))
            })();
            self.pop_decl_scope();
            result?
        } else if self.keyword("fn").is_ok() {
            self.whitespace()?;
            let (name, generic_params) = self.ident_generic()?;
            self.declare_function_name(&name)?;
            self.until(b'(')?;
            let args = crate::parse_list!(self, Vec::new(), b')', b',', self.ident_typed()?);
            let body = Box::new(self.function_body(&args)?);
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Fn { name, generic_params, args, body, is_pub }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
        } else if self.keyword("struct").is_ok() {
            let (name, params) = self.ident_generic()?;
            self.declare_symbol(&name)?;
            if self.until(b'{').is_ok() {
                let fields = crate::parse_list!(self, Vec::new(), b'}', b',', self.ident_typed()?);
                if let Some(f) = fields.iter().find(|f| f.1.is_any()) {
                    return Err(anyhow!("字段 {} 的类型未知", f.0));
                }
                Stmt::new(StmtKind::Struct { name, def: Type::Struct { params, fields }, is_pub }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
            } else {
                self.until(b';')?;
                Stmt::new(StmtKind::Struct { name, def: Type::Struct { params, fields: Vec::new() }, is_pub }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
            }
        } else if self.keyword("const").is_ok() {
            self.whitespace()?;
            let (name, ty) = self.ident_typed()?;
            self.declare_symbol(&name)?;
            self.until(b'=')?;
            let value = self.get_expr()?;
            self.until(b';')?;
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Const { name, ty, value, is_pub }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
        } else if self.keyword("static").is_ok() {
            self.whitespace()?;
            let (name, ty) = self.ident_typed()?;
            self.declare_symbol(&name)?;
            self.whitespace()?;
            if self.take(b'=').is_ok() {
                let expr = self.get_expr()?;
                self.until(b';')?;
                Stmt::new(StmtKind::Static { name, ty, value: Some(expr), is_pub }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
            } else {
                self.until(b';')?;
                Stmt::new(StmtKind::Static { name, ty, value: None, is_pub }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
            }
        } else if self.keyword("impl").is_ok() {
            self.whitespace()?;
            let target = self.get_type()?;
            Stmt::new(StmtKind::Impl { target, body: Box::new(self.impl_body()?) }, Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
        } else if self.keyword("pub").is_ok() {
            self.stmt(true)?
        } else {
            let expr = if self.get()? == b'{' {
                if self.looks_like_empty_dict() {
                    self.dict()?
                } else if let Ok(block) = try_parse!(self, self.block()) {
                    let _ = self.spans.pop();
                    return Ok(block);
                } else if let Ok(dict) = try_parse!(self, self.dict()) {
                    dict
                } else {
                    let block = self.block()?;
                    let _ = self.spans.pop();
                    return Ok(block);
                }
            } else {
                self.get_expr()?
            };
            self.whitespace()?;
            if self.is_eof() {
                Stmt::new(StmtKind::Expr(expr, false), Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
            } else if self.get()? == b';' {
                self.pos += 1;
                Stmt::new(StmtKind::Expr(expr, true), Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
            } else if self.get()? == b'}' {
                Stmt::new(StmtKind::Expr(expr, false), Span::new(start, self.current_pos()))
            } else {
                return Err(anyhow!("未结束的表达式"));
            }
        };
        let _ = self.spans.pop();
        Ok(stmt)
    }
}