yog_runtime/

lib.rs

//! Yog runtime — the native library loaded by the Fabric host.
//!
//! Exposes JNI entry points (`Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_*`) that the host calls,
//! and a stable C ABI (`YogApi` / `YogServer`) that mods program against.
//!
//! Architecture:
//!   - `YogServer`  — a `#[repr(C)]` table of standalone JNI-calling functions
//!                    that mods call to mutate the world.
//!   - `YogApi`     — a `#[repr(C)]` table of registration functions; mods call
//!                    them inside `yog_mod_register` to subscribe to events.
//!   - `RuntimeHandlers` — the runtime's internal event/handler storage.
//!     Filled during `nativeInit` (write), read-only after. The scheduler sub-
//!     state uses an inner `Mutex` for safe addition during event dispatch.

use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::num::NonZeroU32;
use std::os::raw::c_void;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::sync::{Mutex, OnceLock};

use glow::HasContext;
use jni::objects::{JByteArray, JClass, JFloatArray, JObject, JString, JValue};
use jni::sys::{jdouble, jfloat, jint, jstring};
use jni::{JNIEnv, JavaVM};
use libloading::{Library, Symbol};

use yog_abi::{
    YogAdvancementEvent, YogAdvancementFn, YogApi, YogAttackEntityFn, YogBlockBreakFn, YogBlockDef,
    YogBlockPos, YogChatFn, YogClientFn, YogCommandFn, YogContainerCloseEvent, YogContainerCloseFn,
    YogContainerOpenEvent, YogContainerOpenFn, YogCraftEvent, YogCraftFn, YogEntityDamageFn,
    YogEntityDeathFn, YogEntityInteractEvent, YogEntityInteractFn, YogEntitySpawnFn,
    YogExplosionEvent, YogExplosionFn, YogGfxApi, YogHudRenderFn, YogItemDef, YogItemPickupEvent,
    YogItemPickupFn, YogKeyPressEvent, YogKeyPressFn, YogOwnedStr, YogPacketFn, YogPlaceBlockEvent,
    YogPlaceBlockFn, YogPlayerDeathEvent, YogPlayerDeathFn, YogPlayerFn, YogPlayerMoveEvent,
    YogPlayerMoveFn, YogPlayerRespawnEvent, YogPlayerRespawnFn, YogProjectileHitEvent,
    YogProjectileHitFn, YogScheduledFn, YogScreenFn, YogServer, YogServerFn, YogStartupGrantDef,
    YogStr, YogUseBlockFn, YogUseItemFn, YogVec3, YogWorldRenderFn, ABI_VERSION,
};
use yog_registry::{BlockDef, FoodDef, ItemDef};

// ── Static globals ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Cached JVM handle for any-thread callbacks.
static JAVA_VM: OnceLock<JavaVM> = OnceLock::new();
/// Loaded mod libraries — kept alive so the code pages stay mapped.
static LOADED_MODS: Mutex<Vec<Library>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
/// Metadata of loaded .yog mods: [id, name, version, authors, description].
static MOD_INFOS: Mutex<Vec<[String; 5]>> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
/// Inter-mod symbol registry: mod_id → (symbol_name → function pointer).
/// Filled during `yog_mod_register` (export calls), read during import calls.
static INTEROP_SYMBOLS: OnceLock<Mutex<HashMap<String, HashMap<String, usize>>>> = OnceLock::new();
/// Stable server table (populated once in nativeInit, then read-only).
static SERVER: OnceLock<YogServer> = OnceLock::new();
/// Stable api table. Mods capture this pointer at registration (yog-api's
/// `installed_mods()` calls through it later, e.g. from UI render) — so it
/// must outlive `nativeInit`, not live on its stack. NB: `ctx` inside points
/// at the pre-move handlers Box and is only valid during registration; late
/// api calls must not dereference it (api_mods_list doesn't).
static API_TABLE: OnceLock<YogApi> = OnceLock::new();
/// All registered handlers + content (populated during mod loading, then read-only).
static HANDLERS: OnceLock<RuntimeHandlers> = OnceLock::new();

// ── OpenGL context (client-side, render thread only) ─────────────────────────

struct GlCtx(glow::Context);
unsafe impl Send for GlCtx {}
unsafe impl Sync for GlCtx {}

/// Initialized by `nativeGlInit` on the render thread.  `None` on dedicated server.
static GL: OnceLock<GlCtx> = OnceLock::new();

// Raw GL function pointers for GL_ARB_get_program_binary (not exposed by glow 0.13).
// Captured during the glow loader callback in `nativeGlInit`.
// `None` when the extension is unavailable (very old drivers).
static GL_GET_PROGRAM_BINARY: OnceLock<Option<usize>> = OnceLock::new();
static GL_PROGRAM_BINARY: OnceLock<Option<usize>> = OnceLock::new();
static GL_GET_PROGRAM_IV: OnceLock<Option<usize>> = OnceLock::new();

// ── Handler storage ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct UiLayer {
    pub id: String,
    pub parent: Option<String>,
    pub modal: bool,
    pub pause_game: bool,
    pub visible: bool,
    pub enabled: bool,
    pub z_index: i32,
}

struct RuntimeHandlers {
    block_break: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogBlockBreakFn)>,
    chat: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogChatFn)>,
    player_join: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogPlayerFn)>,
    player_leave: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogPlayerFn)>,
    use_item: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogUseItemFn)>,
    use_block: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogUseBlockFn)>,
    attack_entity: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogAttackEntityFn)>,
    entity_damage: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogEntityDamageFn)>,
    entity_death: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogEntityDeathFn)>,
    entity_spawn: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogEntitySpawnFn)>,
    player_place_block: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogPlaceBlockFn)>,
    player_death: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogPlayerDeathFn)>,
    player_respawn: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogPlayerRespawnFn)>,
    advancement: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogAdvancementFn)>,
    entity_interact: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogEntityInteractFn)>,
    item_craft: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogCraftFn)>,
    explosion: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogExplosionFn)>,
    item_pickup: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogItemPickupFn)>,
    player_move: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogPlayerMoveFn)>,
    container_open: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogContainerOpenFn)>,
    container_close: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogContainerCloseFn)>,
    projectile_hit: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogProjectileHitFn)>,
    client_tick: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogClientFn)>,
    hud_render: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogHudRenderFn)>,
    world_render: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogWorldRenderFn)>,
    key_press: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogKeyPressFn)>,
    screen_open: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogScreenFn)>,
    screen_close: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogScreenFn)>,
    server_tick: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogServerFn)>,
    server_started: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogServerFn)>,
    server_stopping: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogServerFn)>,
    /// All handlers registered under one command name, in registration order.
    /// `schema` is `None` for a plain `on_command` (bare, zero-argument)
    /// registration and `Some(schema)` for `on_typed_command`. Kept as a
    /// `Vec` (not a single slot) so a mod can register several subcommands —
    /// e.g. differing arg counts, or several bare/typed registrations sharing
    /// one top-level name — without later registrations silently clobbering
    /// earlier ones (see `nativeOnCommand`, which tries each entry whose
    /// schema's arg count matches the actual invocation, in order, until one
    /// produces a reply).
    commands: HashMap<String, Vec<(Option<String>, *mut c_void, YogCommandFn)>>,
    recipes: Vec<(String, String, String)>,
    packets: HashMap<String, (*mut c_void, YogPacketFn)>,
    client_packets: HashMap<String, (*mut c_void, YogPacketFn)>,
    items: Vec<ItemDef>,
    blocks: Vec<BlockDef>,
    inventories: Vec<yog_inventory::InventoryDef>,
    books: HashMap<String, String>,
    book_renderers: Mutex<HashMap<String, yog_book::BookRenderer>>,
    /// Declared dimension-type defs: id -> `YogDimensionDef` JSON. Actual
    /// `LevelStem`/`ServerLevel` creation is a host (Java) responsibility —
    /// see `yog-dimensions` crate docs.
    dimensions: HashMap<String, String>,
    chunk_generators: HashMap<String, (*mut c_void, yog_abi::YogChunkGeneratorFn)>,
    ui_handlers: HashMap<String, (*mut c_void, yog_abi::YogUIEventFn)>,
    ui_render_handlers: HashMap<String, Vec<(*mut c_void, YogHudRenderFn)>>,
    menu_entries: Vec<(String, String)>, // (label, ui_id) for vanilla screen buttons
    pub active_uis: Mutex<Vec<UiLayer>>,
    startup_grants: Vec<yog_registry::StartupGrant>,
    startup_granted: Mutex<HashMap<String, bool>>,
    /// Players whose startup grants are pending: (name, uuid, ticks_waited).
    /// Granting happens on a server tick after join — giving items directly in
    /// the join callback fails for the host of a freshly created world.
    pending_grants: Mutex<Vec<(String, String, u32)>>,
    scheduler: Mutex<SchedulerState>,
}

// All fn ptrs are C-ABI; ud pointers are from Box::into_raw of Send+Sync closures.
unsafe impl Send for RuntimeHandlers {}
unsafe impl Sync for RuntimeHandlers {}

impl RuntimeHandlers {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            block_break: Vec::new(),
            chat: Vec::new(),
            player_join: Vec::new(),
            player_leave: Vec::new(),
            use_item: Vec::new(),
            use_block: Vec::new(),
            attack_entity: Vec::new(),
            entity_damage: Vec::new(),
            entity_death: Vec::new(),
            entity_spawn: Vec::new(),
            player_place_block: Vec::new(),
            player_death: Vec::new(),
            player_respawn: Vec::new(),
            advancement: Vec::new(),
            entity_interact: Vec::new(),
            item_craft: Vec::new(),
            explosion: Vec::new(),
            item_pickup: Vec::new(),
            player_move: Vec::new(),
            container_open: Vec::new(),
            container_close: Vec::new(),
            projectile_hit: Vec::new(),
            client_tick: Vec::new(),
            hud_render: Vec::new(),
            world_render: Vec::new(),
            key_press: Vec::new(),
            screen_open: Vec::new(),
            screen_close: Vec::new(),
            server_tick: Vec::new(),
            server_started: Vec::new(),
            server_stopping: Vec::new(),
            commands: HashMap::new(),
            recipes: Vec::new(),
            packets: HashMap::new(),
            client_packets: HashMap::new(),
            items: Vec::new(),
            ui_handlers: HashMap::new(),
            ui_render_handlers: HashMap::new(),
            menu_entries: Vec::new(),
            active_uis: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
            startup_grants: Vec::new(),
            blocks: Vec::new(),
            inventories: Vec::new(),
            books: HashMap::new(),
            book_renderers: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
            dimensions: HashMap::new(),
            chunk_generators: HashMap::new(),
            startup_granted: Mutex::new(HashMap::new()),
            pending_grants: Mutex::new(Vec::new()),
            scheduler: Mutex::new(SchedulerState::new()),
        }
    }
}

struct SchedulerState {
    once_tasks: Vec<OnceTask>,
    repeating_tasks: Vec<RepeatingTask>,
}

struct OnceTask {
    delay_remaining: u64,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    f: YogScheduledFn,
}
struct RepeatingTask {
    period: u64,
    ticks_left: u64,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    f: YogScheduledFn,
}

unsafe impl Send for SchedulerState {}
unsafe impl Sync for SchedulerState {}
unsafe impl Send for OnceTask {}
unsafe impl Send for RepeatingTask {}

impl SchedulerState {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            once_tasks: Vec::new(),
            repeating_tasks: Vec::new(),
        }
    }
}

fn handlers() -> &'static RuntimeHandlers {
    HANDLERS.get().expect("yog: nativeInit not called yet")
}

// ── JNI helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

fn guard(label: &str, f: impl FnOnce()) {
    if std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(f)).is_err() {
        yog_logging::error!("a mod panicked handling `{}` (ignored)", label);
    }
}

macro_rules! jstr {
    ($env:expr, $s:expr) => {
        match $env.get_string(&$s) {
            Ok(s) => String::from(s),
            Err(_) => return,
        }
    };
}

/// Convert a `YogStr` into a Java String. Caller must ensure `s` is valid UTF-8.
unsafe fn ys_to_java<'l>(env: &mut JNIEnv<'l>, s: YogStr) -> Option<jni::objects::JString<'l>> {
    env.new_string(s.as_str()).ok()
}

fn get_env() -> Option<jni::AttachGuard<'static>> {
    JAVA_VM.get()?.attach_current_thread().ok()
}

// ── Free-str allocator used by YogOwnedStr ────────────────────────────────────

unsafe extern "C" fn yog_free_str(ptr: *mut u8, len: u32) {
    if !ptr.is_null() {
        drop(Box::from_raw(std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
            ptr,
            len as usize,
        )));
    }
}

fn jstring_to_owned(env: &mut JNIEnv, obj: jni::objects::JObject) -> YogOwnedStr {
    if obj.as_raw().is_null() {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    }
    match env.get_string(&JString::from(obj)) {
        Ok(s) => YogOwnedStr::from_string(String::from(s)),
        Err(_) => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

// ── YogServer standalone functions (one per action) ───────────────────────────
//
// ctx is unused here — all state is in the JAVA_VM static.

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_broadcast(_ctx: *mut c_void, msg: YogStr) {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else { return };
    if let Some(jmsg) = ys_to_java(&mut env, msg) {
        let _ = env.call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
            "broadcast",
            "(Ljava/lang/String;)V",
            &[JValue::Object(&jmsg)],
        );
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_get_block(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogBlockPos,
) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let (Some(jd),) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, dim),) else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "getBlock",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;III)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Int(pos.x),
            JValue::Int(pos.y),
            JValue::Int(pos.z),
        ],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_set_block(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogBlockPos,
    block: YogStr,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jd), Some(jb)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, dim), ys_to_java(&mut env, block)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "setBlock",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;IIILjava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Int(pos.x),
            JValue::Int(pos.y),
            JValue::Int(pos.z),
            JValue::Object(&jb),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_world_time(_ctx: *mut c_void, dim: YogStr, out: *mut i64) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(jd) = ys_to_java(&mut env, dim) else {
        return false;
    };
    match env
        .call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
            "worldTime",
            "(Ljava/lang/String;)J",
            &[JValue::Object(&jd)],
        )
        .and_then(|v| v.j())
    {
        Ok(v) if v != i64::MIN => {
            *out = v;
            true
        }
        _ => false,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_set_time(_ctx: *mut c_void, dim: YogStr, time: i64) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(jd) = ys_to_java(&mut env, dim) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "worldSetTime",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;J)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jd), JValue::Long(time)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_is_raining(_ctx: *mut c_void, dim: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(jd) = ys_to_java(&mut env, dim) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "worldIsRaining",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jd)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_set_weather(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    raining: bool,
    dur: i32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(jd) = ys_to_java(&mut env, dim) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "worldSetWeather",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;ZI)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Bool(raining as u8),
            JValue::Int(dur),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_give_item(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    item: YogStr,
    count: u32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(ji)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, item)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "giveItem",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;I)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jp),
            JValue::Object(&ji),
            JValue::Int(count as i32),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_player_teleport(_ctx: *mut c_void, player: YogStr, pos: YogVec3) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(jp) = ys_to_java(&mut env, player) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "teleport",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;DDD)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jp),
            JValue::Double(pos.x),
            JValue::Double(pos.y),
            JValue::Double(pos.z),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_send_to_player(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    channel: YogStr,
    data: *const u8,
    len: u32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(jc)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, channel)) else {
        return false;
    };
    let payload = std::slice::from_raw_parts(data, len as usize);
    let Ok(jdata) = env.byte_array_from_slice(payload) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "sendToPlayer",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;[B)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jp),
            JValue::Object(&jc),
            JValue::Object(&jdata),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_send_to_server(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    channel: YogStr,
    data: *const u8,
    len: u32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(jc) = ys_to_java(&mut env, channel) else {
        return false;
    };
    let payload = std::slice::from_raw_parts(data, len as usize);
    let Ok(jdata) = env.byte_array_from_slice(payload) else {
        return false;
    };
    let result = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/YogClient",
        "sendToServer",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;[B)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jc), JValue::Object(&jdata)],
    );
    let _ = env.exception_clear();
    result.and_then(|v| v.z()).unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_kick_player(_ctx: *mut c_void, player: YogStr, reason: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(jr)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, reason)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "kickPlayer",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jp), JValue::Object(&jr)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_set_gamemode(_ctx: *mut c_void, player: YogStr, mode: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(jg)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, mode)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "setGamemode",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jp), JValue::Object(&jg)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_send_title(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    title: YogStr,
    sub: YogStr,
    fi: i32,
    stay: i32,
    fo: i32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(jt), Some(js)) = (
        ys_to_java(&mut env, player),
        ys_to_java(&mut env, title),
        ys_to_java(&mut env, sub),
    ) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "sendTitle",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;III)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jp),
            JValue::Object(&jt),
            JValue::Object(&js),
            JValue::Int(fi),
            JValue::Int(stay),
            JValue::Int(fo),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_send_actionbar(_ctx: *mut c_void, player: YogStr, msg: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(jm)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, msg)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "sendActionbar",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jp), JValue::Object(&jm)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_play_sound(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogVec3,
    sound: YogStr,
    vol: f32,
    pitch: f32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jd), Some(js)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, dim), ys_to_java(&mut env, sound)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "playSound",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;DDDLjava/lang/String;FF)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Double(pos.x),
            JValue::Double(pos.y),
            JValue::Double(pos.z),
            JValue::Object(&js),
            JValue::Float(vol),
            JValue::Float(pitch),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_play_sound_player(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    sound: YogStr,
    vol: f32,
    pitch: f32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(js)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, sound)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "playSoundToPlayer",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;FF)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jp),
            JValue::Object(&js),
            JValue::Float(vol),
            JValue::Float(pitch),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_teleport(_ctx: *mut c_void, uuid: YogStr, pos: YogVec3) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityTeleport",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;DDD)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&ju),
            JValue::Double(pos.x),
            JValue::Double(pos.y),
            JValue::Double(pos.z),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_rotation(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    uuid: YogStr,
    out: *mut YogVec3,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityRotation",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju)],
    );
    let obj = match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(o) => o,
        Err(_) => {
            env.exception_clear().ok();
            return false;
        }
    };
    if obj.as_raw().is_null() {
        return false;
    }
    let s: String = match env.get_string(&JString::from(obj)) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return false,
    };
    let mut it = s.split('\t');
    let (yaw, pitch) = (it.next(), it.next());
    if let (Some(yaw), Some(pitch)) = (
        yaw.and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()),
        pitch.and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()),
    ) {
        *out = YogVec3 {
            x: yaw,
            y: pitch,
            z: 0.0,
        };
        true
    } else {
        false
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_position(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    uuid: YogStr,
    out: *mut YogVec3,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityPosition",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju)],
    );
    let obj = match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(o) => o,
        Err(_) => return false,
    };
    if obj.as_raw().is_null() {
        return false;
    }
    let s: String = match env.get_string(&JString::from(obj)) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return false,
    };
    let mut it = s.split('\t');
    let (x, y, z) = (it.next(), it.next(), it.next());
    if let (Some(x), Some(y), Some(z)) = (
        x.and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()),
        y.and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()),
        z.and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()),
    ) {
        *out = YogVec3 { x, y, z };
        true
    } else {
        false
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_health(_ctx: *mut c_void, uuid: YogStr, out: *mut f32) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    match env
        .call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
            "entityHealth",
            "(Ljava/lang/String;)D",
            &[JValue::Object(&ju)],
        )
        .and_then(|v| v.d())
    {
        Ok(v) if !v.is_nan() => {
            *out = v as f32;
            true
        }
        _ => false,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_set_health(_ctx: *mut c_void, uuid: YogStr, hp: f32) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entitySetHealth",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;D)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju), JValue::Double(hp as f64)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_kill(_ctx: *mut c_void, uuid: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityKill",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_spawn_entity(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    type_id: YogStr,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogVec3,
) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let (Some(jt), Some(jd)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, type_id), ys_to_java(&mut env, dim)) else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "spawnEntity",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;DDD)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jt),
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Double(pos.x),
            JValue::Double(pos.y),
            JValue::Double(pos.z),
        ],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_add_effect(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    uuid: YogStr,
    fx: YogStr,
    dur: i32,
    amp: u8,
    particles: bool,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ju), Some(je)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid), ys_to_java(&mut env, fx)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityAddEffect",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;IIZ)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&ju),
            JValue::Object(&je),
            JValue::Int(dur),
            JValue::Int(amp as i32),
            JValue::Bool(particles as u8),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_remove_effect(_ctx: *mut c_void, uuid: YogStr, fx: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ju), Some(je)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid), ys_to_java(&mut env, fx)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityRemoveEffect",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju), JValue::Object(&je)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_clear_effects(_ctx: *mut c_void, uuid: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityClearEffects",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_velocity(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    uuid: YogStr,
    out: *mut YogVec3,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityVelocity",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju)],
    );
    let obj = match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(o) => o,
        Err(_) => return false,
    };
    if obj.as_raw().is_null() {
        return false;
    }
    let s: String = match env.get_string(&JString::from(obj)) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return false,
    };
    let mut it = s.split('\t');
    let (x, y, z) = (it.next(), it.next(), it.next());
    if let (Some(x), Some(y), Some(z)) = (
        x.and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()),
        y.and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()),
        z.and_then(|v| v.parse().ok()),
    ) {
        *out = YogVec3 { x, y, z };
        true
    } else {
        false
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_set_velocity(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    uuid: YogStr,
    vel: YogVec3,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entitySetVelocity",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;DDD)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&ju),
            JValue::Double(vel.x),
            JValue::Double(vel.y),
            JValue::Double(vel.z),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_add_velocity(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    uuid: YogStr,
    vel: YogVec3,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityAddVelocity",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;DDD)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&ju),
            JValue::Double(vel.x),
            JValue::Double(vel.y),
            JValue::Double(vel.z),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_has_item_tag(_ctx: *mut c_void, item: YogStr, tag: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ji), Some(jt)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, item), ys_to_java(&mut env, tag)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "hasItemTag",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ji), JValue::Object(&jt)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_has_block_tag(_ctx: *mut c_void, block: YogStr, tag: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jb), Some(jt)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, block), ys_to_java(&mut env, tag)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "hasBlockTag",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jb), JValue::Object(&jt)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_drop_loot(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    table: YogStr,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogVec3,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jt), Some(jd)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, table), ys_to_java(&mut env, dim)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "dropLoot",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;DDD)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jt),
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Double(pos.x),
            JValue::Double(pos.y),
            JValue::Double(pos.z),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_scoreboard_get(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    obj: YogStr,
    player: YogStr,
    out: *mut i32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jo), Some(jp)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, obj), ys_to_java(&mut env, player)) else {
        return false;
    };
    match env
        .call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
            "scoreboardGet",
            "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I",
            &[JValue::Object(&jo), JValue::Object(&jp)],
        )
        .and_then(|v| v.i())
    {
        Ok(v) if v != i32::MIN => {
            *out = v;
            true
        }
        _ => false,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_scoreboard_set(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    obj: YogStr,
    player: YogStr,
    score: i32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jo), Some(jp)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, obj), ys_to_java(&mut env, player)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "scoreboardSet",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;I)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jo), JValue::Object(&jp), JValue::Int(score)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_scoreboard_add(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    obj: YogStr,
    player: YogStr,
    delta: i32,
    out: *mut i32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jo), Some(jp)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, obj), ys_to_java(&mut env, player)) else {
        return false;
    };
    match env
        .call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
            "scoreboardAdd",
            "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;I)I",
            &[JValue::Object(&jo), JValue::Object(&jp), JValue::Int(delta)],
        )
        .and_then(|v| v.i())
    {
        Ok(v) if v != i32::MIN => {
            *out = v;
            true
        }
        _ => false,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_bossbar_create(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    id: YogStr,
    title: YogStr,
    color: YogStr,
    style: YogStr,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ji), Some(jt), Some(jc), Some(js)) = (
        ys_to_java(&mut env, id),
        ys_to_java(&mut env, title),
        ys_to_java(&mut env, color),
        ys_to_java(&mut env, style),
    ) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "bossbarCreate",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&ji),
            JValue::Object(&jt),
            JValue::Object(&jc),
            JValue::Object(&js),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_bossbar_remove(_ctx: *mut c_void, id: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ji) = ys_to_java(&mut env, id) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "bossbarRemove",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ji)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_bossbar_set_title(_ctx: *mut c_void, id: YogStr, title: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ji), Some(jt)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, id), ys_to_java(&mut env, title)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "bossbarSetTitle",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ji), JValue::Object(&jt)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_bossbar_set_progress(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    id: YogStr,
    progress: f32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ji) = ys_to_java(&mut env, id) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "bossbarSetProgress",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;F)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ji), JValue::Float(progress)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_bossbar_set_color(_ctx: *mut c_void, id: YogStr, color: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ji), Some(jc)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, id), ys_to_java(&mut env, color)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "bossbarSetColor",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ji), JValue::Object(&jc)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_bossbar_add_player(_ctx: *mut c_void, id: YogStr, player: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ji), Some(jp)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, id), ys_to_java(&mut env, player)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "bossbarAddPlayer",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ji), JValue::Object(&jp)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_bossbar_remove_player(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    id: YogStr,
    player: YogStr,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ji), Some(jp)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, id), ys_to_java(&mut env, player)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "bossbarRemovePlayer",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ji), JValue::Object(&jp)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_bossbar_set_visible(_ctx: *mut c_void, id: YogStr, visible: bool) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(ji) = ys_to_java(&mut env, id) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "bossbarSetVisible",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Z)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ji), JValue::Bool(visible as u8)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_get_block_nbt(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogBlockPos,
) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let Some(jd) = ys_to_java(&mut env, dim) else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "getBlockNbt",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;III)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Int(pos.x),
            JValue::Int(pos.y),
            JValue::Int(pos.z),
        ],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_set_block_nbt(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogBlockPos,
    snbt: YogStr,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jd), Some(js)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, dim), ys_to_java(&mut env, snbt)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "setBlockNbt",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;IIILjava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Int(pos.x),
            JValue::Int(pos.y),
            JValue::Int(pos.z),
            JValue::Object(&js),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_get_inventory_slot(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: yog_abi::YogBlockPos,
    slot: u32,
) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let Some(jd) = ys_to_java(&mut env, dim) else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "getInventorySlot",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;IIII)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Int(pos.x),
            JValue::Int(pos.y),
            JValue::Int(pos.z),
            JValue::Int(slot as i32),
        ],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_set_inventory_slot(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: yog_abi::YogBlockPos,
    slot: u32,
    item_id: YogStr,
    count: u32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jd), Some(ji)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, dim), ys_to_java(&mut env, item_id)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "setInventorySlot",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;IIIILjava/lang/String;I)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Int(pos.x),
            JValue::Int(pos.y),
            JValue::Int(pos.z),
            JValue::Int(slot as i32),
            JValue::Object(&ji),
            JValue::Int(count as i32),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_player_inventory(_ctx: *mut c_void, player: YogStr) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let Some(jp) = ys_to_java(&mut env, player) else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "playerInventory",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[JValue::Object(&jp)],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_player_set_slot(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    slot: u32,
    item_id: YogStr,
    count: u32,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(ji)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, item_id)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "playerSetSlot",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;ILjava/lang/String;I)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jp),
            JValue::Int(slot as i32),
            JValue::Object(&ji),
            JValue::Int(count as i32),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_player_teleport_dim(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogVec3,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(jd)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, dim)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "teleportToDim",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;DDD)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jp),
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Double(pos.x),
            JValue::Double(pos.y),
            JValue::Double(pos.z),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_teleport_dim(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    uuid: YogStr,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogVec3,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ju), Some(jd)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid), ys_to_java(&mut env, dim)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityTeleportToDim",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;DDD)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&ju),
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Double(pos.x),
            JValue::Double(pos.y),
            JValue::Double(pos.z),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_online_players(_ctx: *mut c_void) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "onlinePlayers",
        "()Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_world_entity_count(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    entity_type: YogStr,
) -> i32 {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else { return -1 };
    let d = dim.as_str();
    let et = entity_type.as_str();
    let jd = match env.new_string(d) {
        Ok(s) => s,
        Err(_) => return -1,
    };
    let jet = match env.new_string(et) {
        Ok(s) => s,
        Err(_) => return -1,
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "worldEntityCount",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I",
        &[JValue::Object(&jd), JValue::Object(&jet)],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.i()) {
        Ok(n) => n,
        _ => -1,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_game_dir(_ctx: *mut c_void) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "gameDir",
        "()Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_get_nbt(_ctx: *mut c_void, uuid: YogStr) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let Some(ju) = ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid) else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityGetNbt",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju)],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_set_nbt(_ctx: *mut c_void, uuid: YogStr, snbt: YogStr) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ju), Some(js)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid), ys_to_java(&mut env, snbt)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entitySetNbt",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju), JValue::Object(&js)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_spawn_particles(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    dim: YogStr,
    pos: YogVec3,
    particle_type: YogStr,
    count: i32,
    dx: f64,
    dy: f64,
    dz: f64,
    speed: f64,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jd), Some(jp)) = (
        ys_to_java(&mut env, dim),
        ys_to_java(&mut env, particle_type),
    ) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "spawnParticles",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;DDDLjava/lang/String;IDDDD)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jd),
            JValue::Double(pos.x),
            JValue::Double(pos.y),
            JValue::Double(pos.z),
            JValue::Object(&jp),
            JValue::Int(count),
            JValue::Double(dx),
            JValue::Double(dy),
            JValue::Double(dz),
            JValue::Double(speed),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_attribute_get(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    uuid: YogStr,
    attr: YogStr,
) -> f64 {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return f64::NAN;
    };
    let (Some(ju), Some(ja)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid), ys_to_java(&mut env, attr)) else {
        return f64::NAN;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityAttributeGet",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)D",
        &[JValue::Object(&ju), JValue::Object(&ja)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.d())
    .unwrap_or(f64::NAN)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_entity_attribute_set(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    uuid: YogStr,
    attr: YogStr,
    value: f64,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(ju), Some(ja)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, uuid), ys_to_java(&mut env, attr)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "entityAttributeSet",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;D)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&ju),
            JValue::Object(&ja),
            JValue::Double(value),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_get_held_item_nbt(_ctx: *mut c_void, player: YogStr) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let Some(jp) = ys_to_java(&mut env, player) else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "getHeldItemNbt",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[JValue::Object(&jp)],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_set_held_item_nbt(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    snbt: YogStr,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(js)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, snbt)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "setHeldItemNbt",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jp), JValue::Object(&js)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_get_offhand_item_nbt(_ctx: *mut c_void, player: YogStr) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let Some(jp) = ys_to_java(&mut env, player) else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "getOffhandItemNbt",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[JValue::Object(&jp)],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_set_offhand_item_nbt(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    snbt: YogStr,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(js)) = (ys_to_java(&mut env, player), ys_to_java(&mut env, snbt)) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "setOffhandItemNbt",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[JValue::Object(&jp), JValue::Object(&js)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_get_slot_item(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    slot: u32,
) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let Some(jp) = ys_to_java(&mut env, player) else {
        return YogOwnedStr::NONE;
    };
    let ret = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "getSlotItem",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;I)Ljava/lang/String;",
        &[JValue::Object(&jp), JValue::Int(slot as i32)],
    );
    match ret.and_then(|v| v.l()) {
        Ok(obj) => jstring_to_owned(&mut env, obj),
        _ => YogOwnedStr::NONE,
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn srv_set_slot_item(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    player: YogStr,
    slot: u32,
    item_id: YogStr,
    count: u32,
    snbt: YogStr,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let (Some(jp), Some(ji), Some(js)) = (
        ys_to_java(&mut env, player),
        ys_to_java(&mut env, item_id),
        ys_to_java(&mut env, snbt),
    ) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "setSlotItem",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;ILjava/lang/String;ILjava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Object(&jp),
            JValue::Int(slot as i32),
            JValue::Object(&ji),
            JValue::Int(count as i32),
            JValue::Object(&js),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

// ── ABI minor 14 — low-level GPU pipeline ────────────────────────────────────
//
// All raw GL calls go through `glow::Context` stored in GL.
// `draw2d_*` functions still call JNI (NativeDraw) for MC text/texture rendering.
// Everything is called on the render thread — no synchronization needed.

// ── helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

fn gl_draw_mode(mode: u8) -> u32 {
    match mode {
        1 => glow::LINES,
        2 => glow::LINE_STRIP,
        3 => glow::TRIANGLE_STRIP,
        4 => glow::TRIANGLE_FAN,
        _ => glow::TRIANGLES,
    }
}

fn gl_attr_type(dtype: u8) -> u32 {
    match dtype {
        1 => glow::UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        2 => glow::INT,
        3 => glow::UNSIGNED_INT,
        _ => glow::FLOAT,
    }
}

unsafe fn compile_shader(gl: &glow::Context, stage: u32, src: &str) -> Option<glow::NativeShader> {
    let sh = gl.create_shader(stage).ok()?;
    gl.shader_source(sh, src);
    gl.compile_shader(sh);
    if !gl.get_shader_compile_status(sh) {
        yog_logging::error!("yog-gfx shader compile: {}", gl.get_shader_info_log(sh));
        gl.delete_shader(sh);
        return None;
    }
    Some(sh)
}

// ── GPU buffers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_buf_create() -> u32 {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return 0 };
    g.0.create_buffer().map(|b| b.0.get()).unwrap_or(0)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_buf_delete(handle: u32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let Some(n) = NonZeroU32::new(handle) else {
        return;
    };
    g.0.delete_buffer(glow::NativeBuffer(n));
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_buf_data(handle: u32, bytes: *const u8, len: u32, dynamic: bool) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let Some(n) = NonZeroU32::new(handle) else {
        return;
    };
    let gl = &g.0;
    let data = std::slice::from_raw_parts(bytes, len as usize);
    let usage = if dynamic {
        glow::DYNAMIC_DRAW
    } else {
        glow::STATIC_DRAW
    };
    gl.bind_buffer(glow::ARRAY_BUFFER, Some(glow::NativeBuffer(n)));
    gl.buffer_data_u8_slice(glow::ARRAY_BUFFER, data, usage);
    gl.bind_buffer(glow::ARRAY_BUFFER, None);
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_buf_subdata(handle: u32, offset: u32, bytes: *const u8, len: u32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let Some(n) = NonZeroU32::new(handle) else {
        return;
    };
    let gl = &g.0;
    let data = std::slice::from_raw_parts(bytes, len as usize);
    gl.bind_buffer(glow::ARRAY_BUFFER, Some(glow::NativeBuffer(n)));
    gl.buffer_sub_data_u8_slice(glow::ARRAY_BUFFER, offset as i32, data);
    gl.bind_buffer(glow::ARRAY_BUFFER, None);
}

// ── Vertex arrays ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_vao_create() -> u32 {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return 0 };
    g.0.create_vertex_array().map(|v| v.0.get()).unwrap_or(0)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_vao_delete(handle: u32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let Some(n) = NonZeroU32::new(handle) else {
        return;
    };
    g.0.delete_vertex_array(glow::NativeVertexArray(n));
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_vao_attrib(
    vao: u32,
    vbo: u32,
    index: u32,
    components: u8,
    dtype: u8,
    normalized: bool,
    stride: u32,
    offset: u32,
) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let (Some(vn), Some(bn)) = (NonZeroU32::new(vao), NonZeroU32::new(vbo)) else {
        return;
    };
    let gl = &g.0;
    gl.bind_vertex_array(Some(glow::NativeVertexArray(vn)));
    gl.bind_buffer(glow::ARRAY_BUFFER, Some(glow::NativeBuffer(bn)));
    let gl_type = gl_attr_type(dtype);
    if dtype == 2 || dtype == 3 {
        gl.vertex_attrib_pointer_i32(
            index,
            components as i32,
            gl_type,
            stride as i32,
            offset as i32,
        );
    } else {
        gl.vertex_attrib_pointer_f32(
            index,
            components as i32,
            gl_type,
            normalized,
            stride as i32,
            offset as i32,
        );
    }
    gl.enable_vertex_attrib_array(index);
    gl.bind_vertex_array(None);
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_vao_set_ebo(vao: u32, ebo: u32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let (Some(vn), Some(en)) = (NonZeroU32::new(vao), NonZeroU32::new(ebo)) else {
        return;
    };
    let gl = &g.0;
    gl.bind_vertex_array(Some(glow::NativeVertexArray(vn)));
    gl.bind_buffer(glow::ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, Some(glow::NativeBuffer(en)));
    gl.bind_vertex_array(None);
}

// ── Shader programs ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

/// Returns a path under `~/.cache/yog/shaders/<hash>.ysc` for the given GLSL source pair,
/// creating the directory if needed.  Returns `None` if the home directory is unknown.
fn shader_cache_path(vert: &str, frag: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
    use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
    let mut h = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
    vert.hash(&mut h);
    frag.hash(&mut h);
    let hash = h.finish();
    let dir = std::env::var("HOME")
        .map(|home| {
            PathBuf::from(home)
                .join(".cache")
                .join("yog")
                .join("shaders")
        })
        .ok()?;
    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).ok()?;
    Some(dir.join(format!("{hash:016x}.ysc")))
}

/// Try restoring a program from a binary blob (`[4 LE bytes: GL format][binary…]`).
/// Returns `Some(handle)` if the driver accepts the binary, `None` otherwise.
///
/// Uses `glProgramBinary` (GL 4.1 / ARB_get_program_binary) via the raw pointer
/// captured in `nativeGlInit`.  Returns `None` if the extension is unavailable.
unsafe fn load_shader_binary(gl: &glow::Context, data: &[u8]) -> Option<glow::NativeProgram> {
    if data.len() < 4 {
        return None;
    }
    type ProgramBinaryFn = unsafe extern "system" fn(u32, u32, *const c_void, i32);
    let fn_ptr = (*GL_PROGRAM_BINARY.get()?)?;
    let program_binary: ProgramBinaryFn = std::mem::transmute(fn_ptr);

    let fmt = u32::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]]);
    let prog = gl.create_program().ok()?;
    program_binary(
        prog.0.get(),
        fmt,
        data[4..].as_ptr() as *const c_void,
        (data.len() - 4) as i32,
    );
    if gl.get_program_link_status(prog) {
        Some(prog)
    } else {
        gl.delete_program(prog);
        None
    }
}

/// Read the compiled binary of a linked program.  Returns empty `Vec` if unsupported.
unsafe fn get_shader_binary(prog: glow::NativeProgram) -> (Vec<u8>, u32) {
    type GetProgramivFn = unsafe extern "system" fn(u32, u32, *mut i32);
    type GetProgramBinaryFn = unsafe extern "system" fn(u32, i32, *mut i32, *mut u32, *mut c_void);

    let Some(get_iv_raw) = GL_GET_PROGRAM_IV.get().and_then(|v| *v) else {
        return (vec![], 0);
    };
    let Some(get_bin_raw) = GL_GET_PROGRAM_BINARY.get().and_then(|v| *v) else {
        return (vec![], 0);
    };
    let get_program_iv: GetProgramivFn = std::mem::transmute(get_iv_raw);
    let get_program_binary: GetProgramBinaryFn = std::mem::transmute(get_bin_raw);

    // Query binary size via glGetProgramiv(GL_PROGRAM_BINARY_LENGTH).
    const PROGRAM_BINARY_LENGTH: u32 = 0x8741;
    let mut size: i32 = 0;
    get_program_iv(prog.0.get(), PROGRAM_BINARY_LENGTH, &mut size);
    if size <= 0 {
        return (vec![], 0);
    }

    let mut buf = vec![0u8; size as usize];
    let mut actual_len: i32 = 0;
    let mut fmt: u32 = 0;
    get_program_binary(
        prog.0.get(),
        size,
        &mut actual_len,
        &mut fmt,
        buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut c_void,
    );
    buf.truncate(actual_len.max(0) as usize);
    (buf, fmt)
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_prog_create(vert: YogStr, frag: YogStr, out: *mut u32) -> bool {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return false };
    let gl = &g.0;
    let vert_s = vert.as_str();
    let frag_s = frag.as_str();

    // Fast path: binary shader cache — avoids GLSL re-compilation on subsequent launches.
    let cache_path = shader_cache_path(vert_s, frag_s);
    if let Some(ref path) = cache_path {
        if let Ok(data) = std::fs::read(path) {
            if let Some(prog) = load_shader_binary(gl, &data) {
                *out = prog.0.get();
                return true;
            }
            // Cache stale (driver updated?); remove and fall through to GLSL compile.
            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(path);
        }
    }

    // GLSL compile path.
    let vs = match compile_shader(gl, glow::VERTEX_SHADER, vert_s) {
        Some(s) => s,
        None => return false,
    };
    let fs = match compile_shader(gl, glow::FRAGMENT_SHADER, frag_s) {
        Some(s) => s,
        None => {
            gl.delete_shader(vs);
            return false;
        }
    };
    let prog = match gl.create_program() {
        Ok(p) => p,
        Err(e) => {
            yog_logging::error!("yog-gfx: create_program: {}", e);
            gl.delete_shader(vs);
            gl.delete_shader(fs);
            return false;
        }
    };
    gl.attach_shader(prog, vs);
    gl.attach_shader(prog, fs);
    gl.link_program(prog);
    gl.detach_shader(prog, vs);
    gl.detach_shader(prog, fs);
    gl.delete_shader(vs);
    gl.delete_shader(fs);
    if !gl.get_program_link_status(prog) {
        yog_logging::error!("yog-gfx: shader link: {}", gl.get_program_info_log(prog));
        gl.delete_program(prog);
        return false;
    }

    // Persist binary so the next launch skips GLSL compilation entirely.
    if let Some(ref path) = cache_path {
        let (binary, fmt) = get_shader_binary(prog);
        if !binary.is_empty() {
            let mut blob = fmt.to_le_bytes().to_vec();
            blob.extend_from_slice(&binary);
            let _ = std::fs::write(path, &blob);
        }
    }

    *out = prog.0.get();
    true
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_prog_delete(handle: u32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let Some(n) = NonZeroU32::new(handle) else {
        return;
    };
    g.0.delete_program(glow::NativeProgram(n));
}

macro_rules! with_prog {
    ($handle:expr, |$gl:ident, $prog:ident, $loc:ident ($name:expr)| $body:expr) => {{
        let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
        let Some(n) = NonZeroU32::new($handle) else {
            return;
        };
        let $gl = &g.0;
        let $prog = glow::NativeProgram(n);
        $gl.use_program(Some($prog));
        let $loc = $gl.get_uniform_location($prog, $name.as_str());
        $body
    }};
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_prog_uniform_1i(prog: u32, name: YogStr, v: i32) {
    with_prog!(prog, |gl, _p, loc(name)| gl.uniform_1_i32(loc.as_ref(), v));
}
unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_prog_uniform_1f(prog: u32, name: YogStr, v: f32) {
    with_prog!(prog, |gl, _p, loc(name)| gl.uniform_1_f32(loc.as_ref(), v));
}
unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_prog_uniform_2f(prog: u32, name: YogStr, x: f32, y: f32) {
    with_prog!(prog, |gl, _p, loc(name)| gl.uniform_2_f32(
        loc.as_ref(),
        x,
        y
    ));
}
unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_prog_uniform_3f(prog: u32, name: YogStr, x: f32, y: f32, z: f32) {
    with_prog!(prog, |gl, _p, loc(name)| gl.uniform_3_f32(
        loc.as_ref(),
        x,
        y,
        z
    ));
}
unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_prog_uniform_4f(prog: u32, name: YogStr, x: f32, y: f32, z: f32, w: f32) {
    with_prog!(prog, |gl, _p, loc(name)| gl.uniform_4_f32(
        loc.as_ref(),
        x,
        y,
        z,
        w
    ));
}
unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_prog_uniform_mat4(prog: u32, name: YogStr, col_major: *const f32) {
    with_prog!(prog, |gl, _p, loc(name)| {
        let data = std::slice::from_raw_parts(col_major, 16);
        gl.uniform_matrix_4_f32_slice(loc.as_ref(), false, data);
    });
}

// ── Textures ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_tex_create(w: u32, h: u32, rgba: *const u8, linear: bool) -> u32 {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return 0 };
    let gl = &g.0;
    let tex = match gl.create_texture() {
        Ok(t) => t,
        Err(_) => return 0,
    };
    gl.bind_texture(glow::TEXTURE_2D, Some(tex));
    let filter = if linear { glow::LINEAR } else { glow::NEAREST };
    gl.tex_parameter_i32(glow::TEXTURE_2D, glow::TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, filter as i32);
    gl.tex_parameter_i32(glow::TEXTURE_2D, glow::TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, filter as i32);
    gl.tex_parameter_i32(
        glow::TEXTURE_2D,
        glow::TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
        glow::CLAMP_TO_EDGE as i32,
    );
    gl.tex_parameter_i32(
        glow::TEXTURE_2D,
        glow::TEXTURE_WRAP_T,
        glow::CLAMP_TO_EDGE as i32,
    );
    let pixels = std::slice::from_raw_parts(rgba, (w * h * 4) as usize);
    gl.tex_image_2d(
        glow::TEXTURE_2D,
        0,
        glow::RGBA8 as i32,
        w as i32,
        h as i32,
        0,
        glow::RGBA,
        glow::UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        glow::PixelUnpackData::Slice(Some(pixels)),
    );
    gl.bind_texture(glow::TEXTURE_2D, None);
    tex.0.get()
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_tex_delete(handle: u32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let Some(n) = NonZeroU32::new(handle) else {
        return;
    };
    g.0.delete_texture(glow::NativeTexture(n));
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_tex_bind(unit: u32, handle: u32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let gl = &g.0;
    gl.active_texture(glow::TEXTURE0 + unit);
    match NonZeroU32::new(handle) {
        Some(n) => gl.bind_texture(glow::TEXTURE_2D, Some(glow::NativeTexture(n))),
        None => gl.bind_texture(glow::TEXTURE_2D, None),
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_tex_from_mc(id: YogStr) -> u32 {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else { return 0 };
    let Some(ji) = ys_to_java(&mut env, id) else {
        return 0;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeDraw",
        "getMcTextureId",
        "(Ljava/lang/String;)I",
        &[JValue::Object(&ji)],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.i())
    .map(|id| id as u32)
    .unwrap_or(0)
}

// ── Draw calls ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_draw_arrays(vao: u32, prog: u32, mode: u8, first: u32, count: u32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let (Some(vn), Some(pn)) = (NonZeroU32::new(vao), NonZeroU32::new(prog)) else {
        return;
    };
    let gl = &g.0;
    gl.use_program(Some(glow::NativeProgram(pn)));
    gl.bind_vertex_array(Some(glow::NativeVertexArray(vn)));
    gl.draw_arrays(gl_draw_mode(mode), first as i32, count as i32);
    gl.bind_vertex_array(None);
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_draw_elements(
    vao: u32,
    ebo: u32,
    prog: u32,
    mode: u8,
    count: u32,
    u32_idx: bool,
) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let (Some(vn), Some(pn)) = (NonZeroU32::new(vao), NonZeroU32::new(prog)) else {
        return;
    };
    let gl = &g.0;
    gl.use_program(Some(glow::NativeProgram(pn)));
    gl.bind_vertex_array(Some(glow::NativeVertexArray(vn)));
    // EBO is stored in the VAO; ebo param is informational for safety but not re-bound here.
    let _ = ebo;
    let idx_type = if u32_idx {
        glow::UNSIGNED_INT
    } else {
        glow::UNSIGNED_SHORT
    };
    gl.draw_elements(gl_draw_mode(mode), count as i32, idx_type, 0);
    gl.bind_vertex_array(None);
}

// ── Render state ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_set_blend(enabled: bool, src: u32, dst: u32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let gl = &g.0;
    if enabled {
        gl.enable(glow::BLEND);
        gl.blend_func(src, dst);
    } else {
        gl.disable(glow::BLEND);
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_set_depth(test: bool, write: bool) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let gl = &g.0;
    if test {
        gl.enable(glow::DEPTH_TEST);
    } else {
        gl.disable(glow::DEPTH_TEST);
    }
    gl.depth_mask(write);
    // Disable face culling: our 2D quads use CW winding (back-face) due to y-flip.
    if !test {
        gl.disable(glow::CULL_FACE);
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_set_scissor(x: i32, y: i32, w: i32, h: i32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    let gl = &g.0;
    gl.enable(glow::SCISSOR_TEST);
    gl.scissor(x, y, w, h);
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_clear_scissor() {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    g.0.disable(glow::SCISSOR_TEST);
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_set_viewport(x: i32, y: i32, w: i32, h: i32) {
    let Some(g) = GL.get() else { return };
    g.0.viewport(x, y, w, h);
}

// ── 2D convenience (JNI — uses MC's DrawContext / text renderer) ──────────────

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_draw2d_rect(x1: f32, y1: f32, x2: f32, y2: f32, color: u32) {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else { return };
    let _ = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeDraw",
        "drawRect",
        "(FFFFI)V",
        &[
            JValue::Float(x1),
            JValue::Float(y1),
            JValue::Float(x2),
            JValue::Float(y2),
            JValue::Int(color as i32),
        ],
    );
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_draw2d_gradient(
    x1: f32,
    y1: f32,
    x2: f32,
    y2: f32,
    top: u32,
    bottom: u32,
) {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else { return };
    let _ = env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeDraw",
        "drawGradientRect",
        "(FFFFII)V",
        &[
            JValue::Float(x1),
            JValue::Float(y1),
            JValue::Float(x2),
            JValue::Float(y2),
            JValue::Int(top as i32),
            JValue::Int(bottom as i32),
        ],
    );
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_draw2d_text(text: YogStr, x: f32, y: f32, color: u32, shadow: bool) {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else { return };
    if let Some(jt) = ys_to_java(&mut env, text) {
        let _ = env.call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeDraw",
            "drawText",
            "(Ljava/lang/String;FFIZ)V",
            &[
                JValue::Object(&jt),
                JValue::Float(x),
                JValue::Float(y),
                JValue::Int(color as i32),
                JValue::Bool(shadow as u8),
            ],
        );
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_draw2d_mc_tex(
    id: YogStr,
    x: f32,
    y: f32,
    u0: f32,
    v0: f32,
    w: f32,
    h: f32,
    tw: f32,
    th: f32,
) {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else { return };
    if let Some(ji) = ys_to_java(&mut env, id) {
        let _ = env.call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeDraw",
            "drawTexture",
            "(Ljava/lang/String;FFFFFFFFF)V",
            &[
                JValue::Object(&ji),
                JValue::Float(x),
                JValue::Float(y),
                JValue::Float(u0),
                JValue::Float(v0),
                JValue::Float(w),
                JValue::Float(h),
                JValue::Float(tw),
                JValue::Float(th),
            ],
        );
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn gfx_draw2d_item(id: YogStr, x: f32, y: f32, size: f32) {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else { return };
    if let Some(ji) = ys_to_java(&mut env, id) {
        let _ = env.call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeDraw",
            "drawItem",
            "(Ljava/lang/String;FFF)V",
            &[
                JValue::Object(&ji),
                JValue::Float(x),
                JValue::Float(y),
                JValue::Float(size),
            ],
        );
    }
}

// ── Static GFX function table (function pointers only — per-frame data filled at call time) ──

static GFX_FN_TABLE: YogGfxApi = YogGfxApi {
    // Per-frame fields zeroed in the static; actual values are set on the stack per render call.
    screen_w: 0,
    screen_h: 0,
    delta_tick: 0.0,
    scale_factor: 1.0,
    view_proj: [0.0; 16],
    camera_pos: [0.0; 3],
    player_pos: [0.0; 3],
    _pad1: 0.0,
    buf_create: gfx_buf_create,
    buf_delete: gfx_buf_delete,
    buf_data: gfx_buf_data,
    buf_subdata: gfx_buf_subdata,
    vao_create: gfx_vao_create,
    vao_delete: gfx_vao_delete,
    vao_attrib: gfx_vao_attrib,
    vao_set_ebo: gfx_vao_set_ebo,
    prog_create: gfx_prog_create,
    prog_delete: gfx_prog_delete,
    prog_uniform_1i: gfx_prog_uniform_1i,
    prog_uniform_1f: gfx_prog_uniform_1f,
    prog_uniform_2f: gfx_prog_uniform_2f,
    prog_uniform_3f: gfx_prog_uniform_3f,
    prog_uniform_4f: gfx_prog_uniform_4f,
    prog_uniform_mat4: gfx_prog_uniform_mat4,
    tex_create: gfx_tex_create,
    tex_delete: gfx_tex_delete,
    tex_bind: gfx_tex_bind,
    tex_from_mc: gfx_tex_from_mc,
    draw_arrays: gfx_draw_arrays,
    draw_elements: gfx_draw_elements,
    set_blend: gfx_set_blend,
    set_depth: gfx_set_depth,
    set_scissor: gfx_set_scissor,
    clear_scissor: gfx_clear_scissor,
    set_viewport: gfx_set_viewport,
    draw2d_rect: gfx_draw2d_rect,
    draw2d_gradient: gfx_draw2d_gradient,
    draw2d_text: gfx_draw2d_text,
    draw2d_mc_tex: gfx_draw2d_mc_tex,
    draw2d_item: gfx_draw2d_item,
};

// ── YogApi registration functions ─────────────────────────────────────────────
//
// ctx is *mut RuntimeHandlers (cast from *mut c_void).

macro_rules! api_event {
    ($name:ident, $field:ident, $fn_ty:ty) => {
        unsafe extern "C" fn $name(ctx: *mut c_void, ud: *mut c_void, h: $fn_ty) {
            let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
            handlers.$field.push((ud, h));
        }
    };
}

api_event!(api_on_block_break, block_break, YogBlockBreakFn);
api_event!(api_on_chat, chat, YogChatFn);
api_event!(api_on_player_join, player_join, YogPlayerFn);
api_event!(api_on_player_leave, player_leave, YogPlayerFn);
api_event!(api_on_use_item, use_item, YogUseItemFn);
api_event!(api_on_use_block, use_block, YogUseBlockFn);
api_event!(api_on_attack_entity, attack_entity, YogAttackEntityFn);
api_event!(api_on_entity_damage, entity_damage, YogEntityDamageFn);
api_event!(api_on_entity_death, entity_death, YogEntityDeathFn);
api_event!(api_on_entity_spawn, entity_spawn, YogEntitySpawnFn);
api_event!(
    api_on_player_place_block,
    player_place_block,
    YogPlaceBlockFn
);
api_event!(api_on_player_death, player_death, YogPlayerDeathFn);
api_event!(api_on_player_respawn, player_respawn, YogPlayerRespawnFn);
api_event!(api_on_advancement, advancement, YogAdvancementFn);
api_event!(api_on_entity_interact, entity_interact, YogEntityInteractFn);
api_event!(api_on_item_craft, item_craft, YogCraftFn);
api_event!(api_on_explosion, explosion, YogExplosionFn);
api_event!(api_on_item_pickup, item_pickup, YogItemPickupFn);
api_event!(api_on_player_move, player_move, YogPlayerMoveFn);
api_event!(api_on_container_open, container_open, YogContainerOpenFn);
api_event!(api_on_container_close, container_close, YogContainerCloseFn);
api_event!(api_on_projectile_hit, projectile_hit, YogProjectileHitFn);
api_event!(api_on_client_tick, client_tick, YogClientFn);
api_event!(api_on_hud_render, hud_render, YogHudRenderFn);
api_event!(api_on_world_render, world_render, YogWorldRenderFn);
api_event!(api_on_key_press, key_press, YogKeyPressFn);
api_event!(api_on_screen_open, screen_open, YogScreenFn);
api_event!(api_on_screen_close, screen_close, YogScreenFn);
api_event!(api_on_server_tick, server_tick, YogServerFn);
api_event!(api_on_server_started, server_started, YogServerFn);
api_event!(api_on_server_stopping, server_stopping, YogServerFn);

unsafe extern "C" fn api_on_packet(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    channel: YogStr,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    h: YogPacketFn,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    handlers
        .packets
        .insert(channel.as_str().to_owned(), (ud, h));
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_on_client_packet(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    channel: YogStr,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    h: YogPacketFn,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    handlers
        .client_packets
        .insert(channel.as_str().to_owned(), (ud, h));
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_command(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    name: YogStr,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    h: YogCommandFn,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    handlers
        .commands
        .entry(name.as_str().to_owned())
        .or_default()
        .push((None, ud, h));
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_typed_command(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    name: YogStr,
    schema: YogStr,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    h: YogCommandFn,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let n = name.as_str().to_owned();
    handlers
        .commands
        .entry(n)
        .or_default()
        .push((Some(schema.as_str().to_owned()), ud, h));
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_recipe_json(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    namespace: YogStr,
    name: YogStr,
    json: YogStr,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let ns = namespace.as_str().to_owned();
    let n = name.as_str().to_owned();
    let j = json.as_str().to_owned();
    // Feed the recipe to already-registered book renderers (crafting pages).
    let full_id = format!("{}:{}", ns, n);
    for r in handlers.book_renderers.lock().unwrap().values_mut() {
        r.add_recipe(full_id.clone(), &j);
    }
    handlers.recipes.push((ns, n, j));
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_item(ctx: *mut c_void, def: *const YogItemDef) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let d = &*def;
    let food = if d.food_nutrition > 0 {
        Some(FoodDef {
            nutrition: d.food_nutrition,
            saturation: d.food_saturation,
            can_always_eat: d.food_always_eat,
        })
    } else {
        None
    };
    handlers.items.push(ItemDef {
        id: d.id.as_str().to_owned(),
        max_stack: d.max_stack as u8,
        name: if d.name.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            Some(d.name.as_str().to_owned())
        },
        tooltip: if d.tooltip.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            Some(d.tooltip.as_str().to_owned())
        },
        max_damage: d.max_damage,
        fire_resistant: d.fire_resistant,
        fuel_ticks: d.fuel_ticks,
        food,
    });
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_block(ctx: *mut c_void, def: *const YogBlockDef) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let d = &*def;
    handlers.blocks.push(BlockDef {
        id: d.id.as_str().to_owned(),
        hardness: d.hardness,
        resistance: d.resistance,
        name: if d.name.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            Some(d.name.as_str().to_owned())
        },
        light_level: d.light_level,
        sound: if d.sound.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            Some(d.sound.as_str().to_owned())
        },
        requires_tool: d.requires_tool,
        no_collision: d.no_collision,
        slipperiness: d.slipperiness,
        shape: if d.shape == [0.0f32; 6] {
            None
        } else {
            Some(d.shape)
        },
        connects: d.connects,
        connect_groups: if d.connect_groups.is_empty() {
            Vec::new()
        } else {
            d.connect_groups
                .as_str()
                .split(',')
                .map(str::to_owned)
                .collect()
        },
        inventory_id: if d.inventory_id.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            Some(d.inventory_id.as_str().to_owned())
        },
    });
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_inventory(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    def: *const yog_abi::YogInventoryDef,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let d = &*def;
    handlers.inventories.push(yog_inventory::InventoryDef {
        id: d.id.as_str().to_owned(),
        slot_count: d.slot_count as usize,
        layout: yog_inventory::decode_layout(d.layout.as_str()),
        include_player_inventory: d.include_player_inventory,
        player_inv_offset: (d.player_inv_x, d.player_inv_y),
        background_texture: if d.background_texture.is_empty() {
            None
        } else {
            Some(d.background_texture.as_str().to_owned())
        },
        title: d.title.as_str().to_owned(),
    });
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_schedule_once(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    delay_ticks: u64,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    h: YogScheduledFn,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    handlers
        .scheduler
        .lock()
        .expect("scheduler poisoned")
        .once_tasks
        .push(OnceTask {
            delay_remaining: delay_ticks,
            ud,
            f: h,
        });
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_schedule_repeating(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    period_ticks: u64,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    h: YogScheduledFn,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    handlers
        .scheduler
        .lock()
        .expect("scheduler poisoned")
        .repeating_tasks
        .push(RepeatingTask {
            period: period_ticks,
            ticks_left: period_ticks,
            ud,
            f: h,
        });
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_startup_grant(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    grant: *const YogStartupGrantDef,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let g = &*grant;
    let items: Vec<String> = if g.items.is_empty() {
        Vec::new()
    } else {
        unsafe {
            g.items
                .as_str()
                .split('|')
                .map(|s: &str| s.to_owned())
                .collect()
        }
    };
    let book = if g.book.is_empty() {
        None
    } else {
        Some(unsafe { g.book.as_str().to_owned() })
    };
    let command = if g.command.is_empty() {
        None
    } else {
        Some(unsafe { g.command.as_str().to_owned() })
    };
    handlers.startup_grants.push(yog_registry::StartupGrant {
        id: unsafe { g.id.as_str().to_owned() },
        items,
        book,
        command,
    });
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_book(ctx: *mut c_void, book_id: YogStr, book_json: YogStr) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let id = unsafe { book_id.as_str().to_owned() };
    let json = unsafe { book_json.as_str().to_owned() };
    handlers.books.insert(id.clone(), json.clone());
    // Parse JSON → Book → BookRenderer so rendering works without Java round-trip.
    match serde_json::from_str::<yog_book::Book>(&json) {
        Ok(book) => {
            let mut renderer = yog_book::BookRenderer::new(book);
            // Recipes may register before the book — replay them into the renderer.
            for (ns, name, j) in &handlers.recipes {
                renderer.add_recipe(format!("{}:{}", ns, name), j);
            }
            handlers.book_renderers.lock().unwrap().insert(id, renderer);
        }
        Err(e) => {
            yog_logging::warn!(
                "book '{}': failed to parse JSON for Rust renderer: {}",
                id,
                e
            );
        }
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_dimension_json(ctx: *mut c_void, id: YogStr, json: YogStr) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let id = unsafe { id.as_str().to_owned() };
    let json = unsafe { json.as_str().to_owned() };
    yog_logging::info!("registered dimension type: {}", id);
    handlers.dimensions.insert(id, json);
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_chunk_generator(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    id: YogStr,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    h: yog_abi::YogChunkGeneratorFn,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let id = unsafe { id.as_str().to_owned() };
    yog_logging::info!("registered chunk generator for dimension: {}", id);
    handlers.chunk_generators.insert(id, (ud, h));
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_ui(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    ui_id: YogStr,
    _layout_json: YogStr,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    h: yog_abi::YogUIEventFn,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let id = unsafe { ui_id.as_str().to_owned() };
    handlers.ui_handlers.insert(id.clone(), (ud, h));
    yog_logging::info!("registered UI handler: {}", id);
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_on_ui_render(
    ctx: *mut c_void,
    ui_id: YogStr,
    ud: *mut c_void,
    h: YogHudRenderFn,
) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let id = unsafe { ui_id.as_str().to_owned() };
    handlers
        .ui_render_handlers
        .entry(id)
        .or_default()
        .push((ud, h));
}

/// Strip TSV separators so one mod can't corrupt the line format.
fn tsv_clean(v: &str) -> String {
    v.replace(['\t', '\n', '\r'], " ")
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_ui_open(_ctx: *mut c_void, ui_id: YogStr, modal: bool, pause: bool) {
    let id = ui_id.as_str().to_string();
    if id.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else { return };
    let Ok(jid) = env.new_string(&id) else { return };
    let jid_obj: JObject = jid.into();
    // Java side schedules onto the render thread; no-op on dedicated servers.
    if env
        .call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
            "openUI",
            "(Ljava/lang/String;ZZ)V",
            &[
                JValue::Object(&jid_obj),
                JValue::Bool(modal as u8),
                JValue::Bool(pause as u8),
            ],
        )
        .is_err()
    {
        env.exception_clear().ok();
    }
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_mods_list(_ctx: *mut c_void) -> YogOwnedStr {
    let mut lines: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
    for m in MOD_INFOS.lock().expect("mod infos lock poisoned").iter() {
        lines.push(format!(
            "yog\t{}\t{}\t{}\t{}\t{}",
            m[0], m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4]
        ));
    }
    // Loader-side (Java) mods, if the host provides them.
    if let Some(mut env) = get_env() {
        if let Ok(val) = env.call_static_method(
            "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
            "listPlatformMods",
            "()Ljava/lang/String;",
            &[],
        ) {
            if let Ok(obj) = val.l() {
                if !obj.as_raw().is_null() {
                    if let Ok(js) = env.get_string(&obj.into()) {
                        for line in String::from(js).lines() {
                            if !line.trim().is_empty() {
                                lines.push(format!("platform\t{line}"));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            env.exception_clear().ok();
        }
    }
    YogOwnedStr::from_string(lines.join("\n"))
}

unsafe extern "C" fn api_register_menu_entry(ctx: *mut c_void, label: YogStr, ui_id: YogStr) {
    let handlers = &mut *(ctx as *mut RuntimeHandlers);
    let l = unsafe { label.as_str().to_owned() };
    let u = unsafe { ui_id.as_str().to_owned() };
    handlers.menu_entries.push((l, u));
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeBookJson<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    book_id: JString<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    let id = match env.get_string(&book_id) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return std::ptr::null_mut(),
    };
    let json = handlers()
        .books
        .get(&id)
        .cloned()
        .unwrap_or_else(|| "null".to_string());
    env.new_string(json)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

// ── Table constructors ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

fn build_server_table() -> YogServer {
    YogServer {
        ctx: std::ptr::null_mut(),
        abi_version: ABI_VERSION,
        size: std::mem::size_of::<YogServer>() as u32,
        free_str: yog_free_str,
        broadcast: srv_broadcast,
        get_block: srv_get_block,
        set_block: srv_set_block,
        world_time: srv_world_time,
        set_time: srv_set_time,
        is_raining: srv_is_raining,
        set_weather: srv_set_weather,
        give_item: srv_give_item,
        player_teleport: srv_player_teleport,
        send_to_player: srv_send_to_player,
        send_to_server: srv_send_to_server,
        kick_player: srv_kick_player,
        set_gamemode: srv_set_gamemode,
        send_title: srv_send_title,
        send_actionbar: srv_send_actionbar,
        play_sound: srv_play_sound,
        play_sound_player: srv_play_sound_player,
        entity_teleport: srv_entity_teleport,
        entity_position: srv_entity_position,
        entity_rotation: srv_entity_rotation,
        entity_health: srv_entity_health,
        entity_set_health: srv_entity_set_health,
        entity_kill: srv_entity_kill,
        spawn_entity: srv_spawn_entity,
        entity_add_effect: srv_entity_add_effect,
        entity_remove_effect: srv_entity_remove_effect,
        entity_clear_effects: srv_entity_clear_effects,
        entity_velocity: srv_entity_velocity,
        entity_set_velocity: srv_entity_set_velocity,
        entity_add_velocity: srv_entity_add_velocity,
        has_item_tag: srv_has_item_tag,
        has_block_tag: srv_has_block_tag,
        drop_loot: srv_drop_loot,
        scoreboard_get: srv_scoreboard_get,
        scoreboard_set: srv_scoreboard_set,
        scoreboard_add: srv_scoreboard_add,
        bossbar_create: srv_bossbar_create,
        bossbar_remove: srv_bossbar_remove,
        bossbar_set_title: srv_bossbar_set_title,
        bossbar_set_progress: srv_bossbar_set_progress,
        bossbar_set_color: srv_bossbar_set_color,
        bossbar_add_player: srv_bossbar_add_player,
        bossbar_remove_player: srv_bossbar_remove_player,
        bossbar_set_visible: srv_bossbar_set_visible,
        game_dir: srv_game_dir,
        get_block_nbt: srv_get_block_nbt,
        set_block_nbt: srv_set_block_nbt,
        get_inventory_slot: srv_get_inventory_slot,
        set_inventory_slot: srv_set_inventory_slot,
        player_inventory: srv_player_inventory,
        player_set_slot: srv_player_set_slot,
        player_teleport_dim: srv_player_teleport_dim,
        entity_teleport_dim: srv_entity_teleport_dim,
        online_players: srv_online_players,
        world_entity_count: srv_world_entity_count,
        entity_get_nbt: srv_entity_get_nbt,
        entity_set_nbt: srv_entity_set_nbt,
        spawn_particles: srv_spawn_particles,
        entity_attribute_get: srv_entity_attribute_get,
        entity_attribute_set: srv_entity_attribute_set,
        get_held_item_nbt: srv_get_held_item_nbt,
        set_held_item_nbt: srv_set_held_item_nbt,
        get_offhand_item_nbt: srv_get_offhand_item_nbt,
        set_offhand_item_nbt: srv_set_offhand_item_nbt,
        get_slot_item: srv_get_slot_item,
        set_slot_item: srv_set_slot_item,
    }
}

// ── Inter-mod communication ──────────────────────────────────────────────────

unsafe extern "C" fn interop_export_impl(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    mod_id: YogStr,
    symbol: YogStr,
    ptr: *const c_void,
) {
    let mod_id = mod_id.as_str();
    let sym = symbol.as_str();
    let registry = INTEROP_SYMBOLS.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(HashMap::new()));
    registry
        .lock()
        .expect("interop symbols lock poisoned")
        .entry(mod_id.to_string())
        .or_default()
        .insert(sym.to_string(), ptr as usize);
}

unsafe extern "C" fn interop_import_impl(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    mod_id: YogStr,
    symbol: YogStr,
) -> *const c_void {
    let mod_id = mod_id.as_str();
    let sym = symbol.as_str();
    let registry = INTEROP_SYMBOLS.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(HashMap::new()));
    registry
        .lock()
        .expect("interop symbols lock poisoned")
        .get(mod_id)
        .and_then(|m: &HashMap<String, usize>| m.get(sym))
        .map(|&ptr| ptr as *const c_void)
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null())
}

fn build_api_table(ctx: *mut RuntimeHandlers, server: *const YogServer) -> YogApi {
    YogApi {
        abi_version: ABI_VERSION,
        size: std::mem::size_of::<YogApi>() as u32,
        ctx: ctx as *mut c_void,
        server,
        on_block_break: api_on_block_break,
        on_chat: api_on_chat,
        on_player_join: api_on_player_join,
        on_player_leave: api_on_player_leave,
        on_use_item: api_on_use_item,
        on_use_block: api_on_use_block,
        on_attack_entity: api_on_attack_entity,
        on_entity_damage: api_on_entity_damage,
        on_entity_death: api_on_entity_death,
        on_entity_spawn: api_on_entity_spawn,
        on_player_place_block: api_on_player_place_block,
        on_player_death: api_on_player_death,
        on_player_respawn: api_on_player_respawn,
        on_advancement: api_on_advancement,
        on_entity_interact: api_on_entity_interact,
        on_item_craft: api_on_item_craft,
        on_explosion: api_on_explosion,
        on_item_pickup: api_on_item_pickup,
        on_player_move: api_on_player_move,
        on_container_open: api_on_container_open,
        on_container_close: api_on_container_close,
        on_projectile_hit: api_on_projectile_hit,
        on_server_tick: api_on_server_tick,
        on_server_started: api_on_server_started,
        on_server_stopping: api_on_server_stopping,
        on_packet: api_on_packet,
        on_client_packet: api_on_client_packet,
        register_command: api_register_command,
        register_typed_command: api_register_typed_command,
        register_recipe_json: api_register_recipe_json,
        register_item: api_register_item,
        register_block: api_register_block,
        schedule_once: api_schedule_once,
        schedule_repeating: api_schedule_repeating,
        on_client_tick: api_on_client_tick,
        on_hud_render: api_on_hud_render,
        on_key_press: api_on_key_press,
        on_screen_open: api_on_screen_open,
        on_screen_close: api_on_screen_close,
        on_world_render: api_on_world_render,
        register_startup_grant: api_register_startup_grant,
        register_book: api_register_book,
        register_ui: api_register_ui,
        on_ui_render: api_on_ui_render,
        register_menu_entry: api_register_menu_entry,
        mods_list: api_mods_list,
        free_str: yog_free_str,
        ui_open: api_ui_open,
        register_inventory: api_register_inventory,
        interop_export: interop_export_impl,
        interop_import: interop_import_impl,
        register_dimension_json: api_register_dimension_json,
        register_chunk_generator: api_register_chunk_generator,
    }
}

// ── Mod loading ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

fn platform_tag() -> String {
    format!("{}-{}", std::env::consts::OS, std::env::consts::ARCH)
}

type AbiVersionFn = unsafe extern "C" fn() -> u32;
/// Second arg is a null-terminated C string: the mod's `id` from its manifest.
type RegisterFn = unsafe extern "C" fn(*const YogApi, *const std::os::raw::c_char);

fn load_mods(dir: &Path, api: &YogApi) {
    let entries = match std::fs::read_dir(dir) {
        Ok(e) => e,
        Err(_) => {
            yog_logging::info!("no mods directory at {} — none loaded", dir.display());
            return;
        }
    };

    // First pass: collect (mod_id, dependencies, archive_path)
    struct ModMeta {
        id: String,
        deps: Vec<String>,
        yog_path: PathBuf,
    }
    let mut metas: Vec<ModMeta> = Vec::new();
    for entry in entries.flatten() {
        let path = entry.path();
        if path.extension().and_then(|e| e.to_str()) != Some("yog") {
            continue;
        }
        let info = read_mod_info(&path);
        let deps = read_mod_deps(&path);
        metas.push(ModMeta {
            id: info[0].clone(),
            deps,
            yog_path: path,
        });
    }

    // Topological sort by dependencies (Kahn's algorithm)
    let ids: Vec<String> = metas.iter().map(|m| m.id.clone()).collect();
    let deps_list: Vec<Vec<String>> = metas.iter().map(|m| m.deps.clone()).collect();
    let sorted = match topo_sort_mods(&ids, &deps_list) {
        Some(v) => v,
        None => {
            yog_logging::error!("circular dependency detected — loading in file order");
            (0..metas.len()).collect()
        }
    };

    let mut count = 0u32;
    for idx in sorted {
        let meta = &metas[idx];
        let lib_path = match extract_yog(&meta.yog_path) {
            Some(p) => p,
            None => {
                yog_logging::error!(
                    "no native for {} in {}",
                    platform_tag(),
                    meta.yog_path.display()
                );
                continue;
            }
        };
        if load_mod_lib(&lib_path, api, &meta.id) {
            count += 1;
            MOD_INFOS
                .lock()
                .expect("mod infos lock poisoned")
                .push(read_mod_info(&meta.yog_path));
        }
    }
    yog_logging::info!("loaded {} mod(s) from {}", count, dir.display());

    // Final import resolution pass — after all mods loaded, each mod's pending
    // imports can be resolved against the now-complete interop table.
    resolve_all_imports(api);
}

/// After all mods loaded, call `__yog_resolve_imports_final` on each library
/// to resolve any imports that weren't satisfied during initial registration.
fn resolve_all_imports(api: &YogApi) {
    let libs = LOADED_MODS.lock().expect("mods lock poisoned");
    for lib in libs.iter() {
        unsafe {
            type ResolveFn = unsafe extern "C" fn(*const YogApi);
            if let Ok(resolve) = lib.get::<ResolveFn>(b"__yog_resolve_imports_final") {
                resolve(api as *const YogApi);
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Kahn's algorithm — returns indices in dependency order, or None on cycle.
fn topo_sort_mods(ids: &[String], deps_list: &[Vec<String>]) -> Option<Vec<usize>> {
    let n = ids.len();
    let name_to_idx: HashMap<&str, usize> = ids
        .iter()
        .enumerate()
        .map(|(i, id)| (id.as_str(), i))
        .collect();
    let mut in_degree = vec![0u32; n];
    let mut adj: Vec<Vec<usize>> = vec![Vec::new(); n];
    for (i, deps) in deps_list.iter().enumerate() {
        for dep in deps {
            if let Some(&j) = name_to_idx.get(dep.as_str()) {
                adj[j].push(i);
                in_degree[i] += 1;
            }
        }
    }
    let mut queue: Vec<usize> = (0..n).filter(|&i| in_degree[i] == 0).collect();
    let mut order = Vec::with_capacity(n);
    while let Some(u) = queue.pop() {
        order.push(u);
        for &v in &adj[u] {
            in_degree[v] -= 1;
            if in_degree[v] == 0 {
                queue.push(v);
            }
        }
    }
    if order.len() == n {
        Some(order)
    } else {
        None
    }
}

fn load_mod_lib(path: &Path, api: &YogApi, mod_id: &str) -> bool {
    unsafe {
        let lib = match Library::new(path) {
            Ok(l) => l,
            Err(e) => {
                yog_logging::error!("failed to load {}: {}", path.display(), e);
                return false;
            }
        };
        let abi: Symbol<AbiVersionFn> = match lib.get(b"yog_abi_version") {
            Ok(s) => s,
            Err(_) => {
                yog_logging::error!("{} is not a Yog mod (no yog_abi_version)", path.display());
                return false;
            }
        };
        let mod_abi = abi();
        if mod_abi != ABI_VERSION {
            yog_logging::error!(
                "{}: ABI {} incompatible with runtime ABI {}",
                path.display(),
                mod_abi,
                ABI_VERSION
            );
            return false;
        }
        let register: Symbol<RegisterFn> = match lib.get(b"yog_mod_register") {
            Ok(s) => s,
            Err(_) => {
                yog_logging::error!("{} missing yog_mod_register", path.display());
                return false;
            }
        };
        let mod_id_c = std::ffi::CString::new(mod_id).unwrap();
        register(api as *const YogApi, mod_id_c.as_ptr());
        drop(register);
        drop(abi);
        LOADED_MODS.lock().expect("mods lock poisoned").push(lib);
    }
    true
}

/// Metadata for a mod file: [id, name, version, authors, description].
/// For .yog archives this comes from the bundled yog.toml; bare native libs
/// fall back to the file stem.
fn read_mod_info(path: &Path) -> [String; 5] {
    let stem = path
        .file_stem()
        .map(|s| s.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
        .unwrap_or_default();
    let mut info = [
        stem.clone(),
        stem,
        String::new(),
        String::new(),
        String::new(),
    ];
    if path.extension().and_then(|e| e.to_str()) != Some("yog") {
        return info;
    }
    let Some(text) = (|| {
        let file = std::fs::File::open(path).ok()?;
        let mut archive = zip::ZipArchive::new(file).ok()?;
        let mut entry = archive.by_name("yog.toml").ok()?;
        let mut text = String::new();
        std::io::Read::read_to_string(&mut entry, &mut text).ok()?;
        Some(text)
    })() else {
        return info;
    };
    // Minimal parse — enough for id/name/version/description/authors without
    // pulling in a TOML dependency. Source manifests keep these under [mod];
    // the packaged manifest (written by yog-cli) has them at top level, so
    // keys before any section header count too.
    let mut in_mod = true;
    for line in text.lines() {
        let line = line.trim();
        if line.starts_with('[') {
            in_mod = line == "[mod]";
            continue;
        }
        if !in_mod {
            continue;
        }
        let Some((key, value)) = line.split_once('=') else {
            continue;
        };
        let key = key.trim();
        let value = value.trim();
        let unquote = |v: &str| v.trim().trim_matches('"').to_string();
        match key {
            "id" => info[0] = tsv_clean(&unquote(value)),
            "name" => info[1] = tsv_clean(&unquote(value)),
            "version" => info[2] = tsv_clean(&unquote(value)),
            "description" => info[4] = tsv_clean(&unquote(value)),
            "authors" => {
                let list = value.trim_start_matches('[').trim_end_matches(']');
                let authors: Vec<String> = list
                    .split(',')
                    .map(|a| unquote(a))
                    .filter(|a| !a.is_empty())
                    .collect();
                info[3] = tsv_clean(&authors.join(", "));
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    info
}

/// Parse `[dependencies]` section from yog.toml inside a .yog archive.
fn read_mod_deps(path: &Path) -> Vec<String> {
    if path.extension().and_then(|e| e.to_str()) != Some("yog") {
        return Vec::new();
    }
    let text = (|| {
        let file = std::fs::File::open(path).ok()?;
        let mut archive = zip::ZipArchive::new(file).ok()?;
        let mut entry = archive.by_name("yog.toml").ok()?;
        let mut text = String::new();
        std::io::Read::read_to_string(&mut entry, &mut text).ok()?;
        Some(text)
    })();
    let Some(text) = text else { return Vec::new() };
    let mut deps = Vec::new();
    let mut in_deps = false;
    for line in text.lines() {
        let line = line.trim();
        if line.starts_with('[') {
            in_deps = line == "[dependencies]";
            continue;
        }
        if !in_deps {
            continue;
        }
        // `mod_id = "1.0"` or `mod_id = "*"` — we only care about the key (mod_id)
        if let Some((key, _)) = line.split_once('=') {
            deps.push(key.trim().to_string());
        }
    }
    deps
}

fn extract_yog(path: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
    let file = std::fs::File::open(path).ok()?;
    let mut archive = zip::ZipArchive::new(file).ok()?;
    let prefix = format!("natives/{}/", platform_tag());
    let mut entry_name = None;
    for i in 0..archive.len() {
        let f = archive.by_index(i).ok()?;
        if f.name().starts_with(&prefix) && !f.name().ends_with('/') {
            entry_name = Some(f.name().to_string());
            break;
        }
    }
    let entry_name = entry_name?;
    let ext = Path::new(&entry_name)
        .extension()
        .and_then(|e| e.to_str())
        .unwrap_or("bin");
    let stem = path.file_stem()?.to_string_lossy().into_owned();
    let out = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("yog-{}-{}.{}", stem, std::process::id(), ext));
    let mut entry = archive.by_name(&entry_name).ok()?;
    let mut out_file = std::fs::File::create(&out).ok()?;
    std::io::copy(&mut entry, &mut out_file).ok()?;
    Some(out)
}

// ── Dispatcher helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

fn srv_ptr() -> *const YogServer {
    SERVER.get().expect("yog: SERVER not initialised") as *const YogServer
}

// ── JNI entry points ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeInit<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    mods_dir: JString<'l>,
) {
    if let Ok(vm) = env.get_java_vm() {
        let _ = JAVA_VM.set(vm);
    }

    let dir = env
        .get_string(&mods_dir)
        .map(String::from)
        .unwrap_or_default();

    // Build YogServer and store in static (gets a stable address).
    let _ = SERVER.set(build_server_table());
    let server_ptr = SERVER.get().unwrap() as *const YogServer;

    // Build RuntimeHandlers on the heap temporarily so we have a stable pointer
    // to pass as ctx while mods register.
    let mut handlers = Box::new(RuntimeHandlers::new());
    let handlers_ptr = &mut *handlers as *mut RuntimeHandlers;

    let api: &'static YogApi = API_TABLE.get_or_init(|| build_api_table(handlers_ptr, server_ptr));

    guard("mod loading", || {
        load_mods(Path::new(&dir), api);
    });

    // Move handlers out of Box and into the OnceLock.
    let _ = HANDLERS.set(*handlers);

    yog_logging::info!("runtime initialised — the gate is open.");
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnBlockBreak<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    block: JString<'l>,
    x: jint,
    y: jint,
    z: jint,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let (p, b, d) = (jstr!(env, player), jstr!(env, block), jstr!(env, dimension));
    let ev = yog_abi::YogBlockBreakEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        block: YogStr::from_str(&b),
        pos: YogBlockPos { x, y, z },
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_block_break", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().block_break {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnChat<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    message: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let (p, m, d) = (
        jstr!(env, player),
        jstr!(env, message),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = yog_abi::YogChatEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        message: YogStr::from_str(&m),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_chat", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().chat {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnPlayerJoin<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let (p, u, d) = (jstr!(env, player), jstr!(env, uuid), jstr!(env, dimension));
    let ev = yog_abi::YogPlayerEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_player_join", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().player_join {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
    // Queue startup grants: giving items directly inside the join callback
    // fails for the host of a freshly created world (player not fully in the
    // world yet), so grants are processed a few server ticks later.
    let h = handlers();
    if !h.startup_grants.is_empty() {
        h.pending_grants
            .lock()
            .expect("pending_grants poisoned")
            .push((p, u, 0));
    }
}

/// Try to fulfil pending startup grants. Called each server tick; a grant is
/// only marked as given (and persisted) after `give_item` actually succeeds.
fn process_pending_grants() {
    let h = handlers();
    let mut pending = match h.pending_grants.try_lock() {
        Ok(g) => g,
        Err(_) => return,
    };
    if pending.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    // Wait a couple of ticks after join before the first attempt.
    const FIRST_TRY_TICK: u32 = 2;
    // Give up after 30 seconds — the player probably left.
    const MAX_TICKS: u32 = 600;

    let mut granted = h.startup_granted.lock().expect("startup_granted poisoned");
    let mut still_pending = Vec::new();
    let mut any_new = false;

    for (p, u, ticks) in pending.drain(..) {
        if ticks < FIRST_TRY_TICK {
            still_pending.push((p, u, ticks + 1));
            continue;
        }
        let mut all_ok = true;
        for sg in &h.startup_grants {
            let key = format!("{}::{}", u, sg.id);
            if granted.contains_key(&key) {
                continue;
            }
            let mut ok = true;
            for item_id in &sg.items {
                ok &= unsafe {
                    srv_give_item(
                        std::ptr::null_mut(),
                        YogStr::from_str(&p),
                        YogStr::from_str(item_id),
                        1,
                    )
                };
            }
            if let Some(_book) = &sg.book {
                ok &= unsafe {
                    srv_give_item(
                        std::ptr::null_mut(),
                        YogStr::from_str(&p),
                        YogStr::from_str("minecraft:written_book"),
                        1,
                    )
                };
            }
            if ok {
                yog_logging::info!("startup grant {} given to {}", sg.id, p);
                granted.insert(key, true);
                any_new = true;
            } else {
                all_ok = false;
            }
        }
        if !all_ok && ticks < MAX_TICKS {
            still_pending.push((p, u, ticks + 1));
        }
    }
    *pending = still_pending;
    if any_new {
        save_startup_granted(&granted);
    }
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnPlayerLeave<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let (p, u, d) = (jstr!(env, player), jstr!(env, uuid), jstr!(env, dimension));
    let ev = yog_abi::YogPlayerEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_player_leave", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().player_leave {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnUseItem<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    item: JString<'l>,
    sneaking: jni::sys::jboolean,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let (p, i, d) = (jstr!(env, player), jstr!(env, item), jstr!(env, dimension));
    let ev = yog_abi::YogUseItemEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        item: YogStr::from_str(&i),
        sneaking: sneaking != 0,
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_use_item", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().use_item {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnUseItemPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    item: JString<'l>,
    sneaking: jni::sys::jboolean,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.use_item.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let p = match env.get_string(&player) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let i = match env.get_string(&item) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = yog_abi::YogUseItemEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        item: YogStr::from_str(&i),
        sneaking: sneaking != 0,
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.use_item {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnUseBlock<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    block: JString<'l>,
    x: jint,
    y: jint,
    z: jint,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let (p, b, d) = (jstr!(env, player), jstr!(env, block), jstr!(env, dimension));
    let ev = yog_abi::YogUseBlockEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        block: YogStr::from_str(&b),
        pos: YogBlockPos { x, y, z },
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_use_block", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().use_block {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnUseBlockPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    block: JString<'l>,
    x: jint,
    y: jint,
    z: jint,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.use_block.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let p = match env.get_string(&player) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let b = match env.get_string(&block) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = yog_abi::YogUseBlockEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        block: YogStr::from_str(&b),
        pos: YogBlockPos { x, y, z },
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.use_block {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnAttackEntity<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    target_type: JString<'l>,
    target_uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let (p, tt, tu, d) = (
        jstr!(env, player),
        jstr!(env, target_type),
        jstr!(env, target_uuid),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = yog_abi::YogAttackEntityEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        target_type: YogStr::from_str(&tt),
        target_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&tu),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_attack_entity", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().attack_entity {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnEntityDamage<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    entity_type: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    amount: jfloat,
    source: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let (et, u, s, d) = (
        jstr!(env, entity_type),
        jstr!(env, uuid),
        jstr!(env, source),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = yog_abi::YogEntityDamageEvent {
        entity_type: YogStr::from_str(&et),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        amount,
        source: YogStr::from_str(&s),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_entity_damage", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().entity_damage {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnEntityDeath<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    entity_type: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    source: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let (et, u, s, d) = (
        jstr!(env, entity_type),
        jstr!(env, uuid),
        jstr!(env, source),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = yog_abi::YogEntityDeathEvent {
        entity_type: YogStr::from_str(&et),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        source: YogStr::from_str(&s),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_entity_death", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().entity_death {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnTick<'l>(
    _env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_tick", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.server_tick {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv) };
        }
    });

    guard("startup_grants", process_pending_grants);

    // Scheduler — once tasks
    {
        let mut sched = h.scheduler.lock().expect("scheduler poisoned");
        let mut to_fire: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogScheduledFn)> = Vec::new();
        let mut remaining = Vec::new();
        for task in sched.once_tasks.drain(..) {
            if task.delay_remaining == 0 {
                to_fire.push((task.ud, task.f));
            } else {
                remaining.push(OnceTask {
                    delay_remaining: task.delay_remaining - 1,
                    ..task
                });
            }
        }
        sched.once_tasks = remaining;
        drop(sched);
        for (ud, f) in to_fire {
            guard("schedule_once", || unsafe { f(ud, srv) });
        }
    }

    // Scheduler — repeating tasks
    {
        let mut sched = h.scheduler.lock().expect("scheduler poisoned");
        let mut to_fire: Vec<(*mut c_void, YogScheduledFn)> = Vec::new();
        for task in &mut sched.repeating_tasks {
            if task.ticks_left == 0 {
                to_fire.push((task.ud, task.f));
                task.ticks_left = task.period;
            } else {
                task.ticks_left -= 1;
            }
        }
        drop(sched);
        for (ud, f) in to_fire {
            guard("schedule_repeating", || unsafe { f(ud, srv) });
        }
    }
}

/// Absolute path of the current world save folder (set on server start).
static WORLD_DIR: Mutex<Option<std::path::PathBuf>> = Mutex::new(None);

/// Per-world data path: `<world>/yog-data/startup_grants.json`.
/// Falls back to the working directory before any server has started.
fn startup_grants_path() -> std::path::PathBuf {
    let base = WORLD_DIR
        .lock()
        .ok()
        .and_then(|d| d.clone())
        .unwrap_or_else(|| std::path::PathBuf::from("."));
    base.join("yog-data").join("startup_grants.json")
}

fn load_startup_granted() {
    let h = handlers();
    let mut granted = h.startup_granted.lock().expect("startup_granted poisoned");
    // Reset first — in singleplayer the process outlives individual worlds,
    // and grant state is per-world.
    granted.clear();
    h.pending_grants
        .lock()
        .expect("pending_grants poisoned")
        .clear();
    let path = startup_grants_path();
    let Ok(data) = std::fs::read_to_string(&path) else {
        return;
    };
    let Ok(keys) = serde_json::from_str::<Vec<String>>(&data) else {
        yog_logging::warn!("startup_grants.json: invalid JSON, ignoring");
        return;
    };
    for k in keys {
        granted.insert(k, true);
    }
    yog_logging::info!("loaded {} startup grants from disk", granted.len());
}

fn save_startup_granted(granted: &HashMap<String, bool>) {
    let path = startup_grants_path();
    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
        let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(parent);
    }
    let keys: Vec<&String> = granted.keys().collect();
    match serde_json::to_string(&keys) {
        Ok(json) => {
            let _ = std::fs::write(&path, json);
        }
        Err(e) => yog_logging::error!("failed to save startup_grants.json: {}", e),
    }
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnServerStarted<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    world_dir: JString<'l>,
) {
    let dir = jstr!(env, world_dir);
    *WORLD_DIR.lock().expect("WORLD_DIR poisoned") = if dir.is_empty() {
        None
    } else {
        Some(std::path::PathBuf::from(dir))
    };
    load_startup_granted();
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_server_started", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().server_started {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnServerStopping<'l>(
    _env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) {
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_server_stopping", || {
        for (ud, f) in &handlers().server_stopping {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeCommandNames<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    let names = handlers()
        .commands
        .keys()
        .cloned()
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    env.new_string(names)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnBlockBreakPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    block: JString<'l>,
    x: jint,
    y: jint,
    z: jint,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.block_break.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let p = match env.get_string(&player) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let b = match env.get_string(&block) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = yog_abi::YogBlockBreakEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        block: YogStr::from_str(&b),
        pos: YogBlockPos { x, y, z },
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.block_break {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnChatPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    message: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.chat.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let p = match env.get_string(&player) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let m = match env.get_string(&message) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = yog_abi::YogChatEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        message: YogStr::from_str(&m),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.chat {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeRecipeJsons<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    let s = handlers()
        .recipes
        .iter()
        .map(|(ns, name, json)| format!("{}\t{}\t{}", ns, name, json))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    env.new_string(s)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeDimensionJsons<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    // One line per declared dimension: `id \t def_json`. The host converts
    // `def_json` (our YogDimensionDef shape) into vanilla dimension_type /
    // dimension datapack JSON — see `yog-dimensions` crate docs.
    let s = handlers()
        .dimensions
        .iter()
        .map(|(id, json)| format!("{}\t{}", id, json))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    env.new_string(s)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

/// Called by a registered chunk-generator closure (via `ChunkWriter::set_block`)
/// to place one block in the chunk currently being generated. Calls back
/// into `YogCallbackChunkGenerator.setBlockInGeneratingChunk` on the Java
/// side — same thread, since the whole round trip is synchronous.
unsafe extern "C" fn chunk_writer_set_block(
    _ctx: *mut c_void,
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
    z: i32,
    block_id: YogStr,
) -> bool {
    let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
        return false;
    };
    let Some(jb) = ys_to_java(&mut env, block_id) else {
        return false;
    };
    env.call_static_method(
        "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
        "setBlockInGeneratingChunk",
        "(IIILjava/lang/String;)Z",
        &[
            JValue::Int(x),
            JValue::Int(y),
            JValue::Int(z),
            JValue::Object(&jb),
        ],
    )
    .and_then(|v| v.z())
    .unwrap_or(false)
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeGenerateChunk<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    generator_type_id: JString<'l>,
    chunk_x: jint,
    chunk_z: jint,
    min_y: jint,
    height: jint,
) {
    let id: String = match env.get_string(&generator_type_id) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return,
    };
    let Some((ud, cb)) = handlers().chunk_generators.get(&id).copied() else {
        return;
    };
    let writer = yog_abi::YogChunkWriterApi {
        chunk_x,
        chunk_z,
        min_y,
        height,
        ctx: std::ptr::null_mut(),
        set_block: chunk_writer_set_block,
    };
    guard("chunk_generator", || unsafe {
        cb(ud, &writer as *const _);
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeTypedCommandSchemas<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    // One line per DISTINCT (name, schema) pair — a name can have several
    // typed registrations (different arg shapes); Brigadier merges repeated
    // `dispatcher.register()` calls for the same literal name into one tree,
    // so the Java side just needs every distinct schema once each.
    let mut lines = Vec::new();
    for (name, regs) in handlers().commands.iter() {
        let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
        for (schema, _, _) in regs {
            if let Some(schema) = schema {
                if seen.insert(schema.as_str()) {
                    lines.push(format!("{}\t{}", name, schema));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    env.new_string(lines.join("\n"))
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnCommand<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    name: JString<'l>,
    args: JString<'l>,
    source: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    let (n, a, s, u, d) = (
        env.get_string(&name).map(String::from).unwrap_or_default(),
        env.get_string(&args).map(String::from).unwrap_or_default(),
        env.get_string(&source)
            .map(String::from)
            .unwrap_or_default(),
        env.get_string(&uuid).map(String::from).unwrap_or_default(),
        env.get_string(&dimension)
            .map(String::from)
            .unwrap_or_default(),
    );
    let ev = yog_abi::YogCommandEvent {
        name: YogStr::from_str(&n),
        args: YogStr::from_str(&a),
        source: YogStr::from_str(&s),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let h = handlers();
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    // Actual arg count of this invocation (0 for a bare command with no args).
    let actual_argc = if a.is_empty() {
        0
    } else {
        a.split('\t').count()
    };
    let reply = std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        let Some(regs) = h.commands.get(&n) else {
            return String::new();
        };
        for (schema, ud, f) in regs {
            let expected_argc = schema.as_ref().map_or(0, |s| s.split_whitespace().count());
            if expected_argc != actual_argc {
                continue;
            }
            let mut buf = [0u8; 4096];
            let mut reply_len: u32 = 0;
            unsafe {
                f(
                    *ud,
                    srv,
                    &ev,
                    buf.as_mut_ptr(),
                    buf.len() as u32,
                    &mut reply_len,
                )
            };
            if reply_len > 0 {
                return String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf[..reply_len as usize]).into_owned();
            }
        }
        String::new()
    }))
    .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
        yog_logging::error!("a mod panicked handling command `{}`", n);
        String::new()
    });

    env.new_string(reply)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeItemDefs<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    let s = handlers()
        .items
        .iter()
        .map(|d| {
            let mut parts = vec![d.id.clone()];
            parts.push(format!("max_stack={}", d.max_stack));
            if let Some(n) = &d.name {
                parts.push(format!("name={n}"));
            }
            if let Some(t) = &d.tooltip {
                parts.push(format!("tooltip={t}"));
            }
            if d.max_damage > 0 {
                parts.push(format!("max_damage={}", d.max_damage));
            }
            if d.fire_resistant {
                parts.push("fire_resistant=1".into());
            }
            if d.fuel_ticks > 0 {
                parts.push(format!("fuel_ticks={}", d.fuel_ticks));
            }
            if let Some(f) = &d.food {
                parts.push(format!(
                    "food={}:{}:{}",
                    f.nutrition,
                    f.saturation,
                    if f.can_always_eat { 1 } else { 0 }
                ));
            }
            parts.join("\t")
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    env.new_string(s)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeBlockDefs<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    let s = handlers()
        .blocks
        .iter()
        .map(|d| {
            let mut parts = vec![d.id.clone()];
            parts.push(format!("hardness={}", d.hardness));
            parts.push(format!("resistance={}", d.resistance));
            if let Some(n) = &d.name {
                parts.push(format!("name={n}"));
            }
            if let Some(sh) = d.shape {
                parts.push(format!(
                    "shape={}:{}:{}:{}:{}:{}",
                    sh[0], sh[1], sh[2], sh[3], sh[4], sh[5]
                ));
            }
            if d.light_level > 0 {
                parts.push(format!("light={}", d.light_level));
            }
            if let Some(snd) = &d.sound {
                parts.push(format!("sound={snd}"));
            }
            if d.requires_tool {
                parts.push("requires_tool=1".into());
            }
            if d.no_collision {
                parts.push("no_collision=1".into());
            }
            if d.slipperiness > 0.0 {
                parts.push(format!("slipperiness={}", d.slipperiness));
            }
            if d.connects {
                parts.push("connects=1".into());
            }
            if !d.connect_groups.is_empty() {
                parts.push(format!("connect_groups={}", d.connect_groups.join(",")));
            }
            if let Some(inv) = &d.inventory_id {
                parts.push(format!("inventory_id={inv}"));
            }
            parts.join("\t")
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    env.new_string(s)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

/// Tab/newline-encoded inventory defs — one line per registered
/// `InventoryDef` (see `yog_inventory`): `id\tslot_count=N\tlayout=x:y,...
/// \tinclude_player_inventory=0|1\tplayer_inv=x:y\tbackground_texture=...\ttitle=...`
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeInventoryDefs<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    let s = handlers()
        .inventories
        .iter()
        .map(|d| {
            let mut parts = vec![d.id.clone()];
            parts.push(format!("slot_count={}", d.slot_count));
            parts.push(format!(
                "layout={}",
                yog_inventory::encode_layout(&d.resolved_layout())
            ));
            parts.push(format!(
                "include_player_inventory={}",
                d.include_player_inventory as u8
            ));
            parts.push(format!(
                "player_inv={}:{}",
                d.player_inv_offset.0, d.player_inv_offset.1
            ));
            if let Some(tex) = &d.background_texture {
                parts.push(format!("background_texture={tex}"));
            }
            if !d.title.is_empty() {
                parts.push(format!("title={}", d.title));
            }
            parts.join("\t")
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    env.new_string(s)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnPacket<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    channel: JString<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    payload: JByteArray<'l>,
) {
    let ch = env
        .get_string(&channel)
        .map(String::from)
        .unwrap_or_default();
    let pl = env
        .get_string(&player)
        .map(String::from)
        .unwrap_or_default();
    let data = env.convert_byte_array(&payload).unwrap_or_default();
    let ev = yog_abi::YogPacketEvent {
        channel: YogStr::from_str(&ch),
        player: YogStr::from_str(&pl),
        payload: data.as_ptr(),
        payload_len: data.len() as u32,
    };
    let h = handlers();
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_packet", || {
        if let Some((ud, f)) = h.packets.get(&ch) {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnClientPacket<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    channel: JString<'l>,
    payload: JByteArray<'l>,
) {
    let ch = env
        .get_string(&channel)
        .map(String::from)
        .unwrap_or_default();
    let data = env.convert_byte_array(&payload).unwrap_or_default();
    let ev = yog_abi::YogPacketEvent {
        channel: YogStr::from_str(&ch),
        player: YogStr::EMPTY,
        payload: data.as_ptr(),
        payload_len: data.len() as u32,
    };
    let h = handlers();
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_client_packet", || {
        if let Some((ud, f)) = h.client_packets.get(&ch) {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativePacketChannels<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    let s = handlers()
        .packets
        .keys()
        .cloned()
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    env.new_string(s)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeClientPacketChannels<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) -> jstring {
    let s = handlers()
        .client_packets
        .keys()
        .cloned()
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    env.new_string(s)
        .map(|s| s.into_raw())
        .unwrap_or(std::ptr::null_mut())
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnEntitySpawn<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    entity_type: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.entity_spawn.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (et, u, d) = (
        jstr!(env, entity_type),
        jstr!(env, uuid),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = yog_abi::YogEntitySpawnEvent {
        entity_type: YogStr::from_str(&et),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_entity_spawn", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.entity_spawn {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnEntitySpawnPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    entity_type: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.entity_spawn.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let et = match env.get_string(&entity_type) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let u = match env.get_string(&uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = yog_abi::YogEntitySpawnEvent {
        entity_type: YogStr::from_str(&et),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.entity_spawn {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnEntityDamagePre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    entity_type: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    amount: jfloat,
    source: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.entity_damage.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let et = match env.get_string(&entity_type) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let u = match env.get_string(&uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let s = match env.get_string(&source) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = yog_abi::YogEntityDamageEvent {
        entity_type: YogStr::from_str(&et),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        amount,
        source: YogStr::from_str(&s),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.entity_damage {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnPlaceBlockPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    block: JString<'l>,
    x: jint,
    y: jint,
    z: jint,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.player_place_block.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let p = match env.get_string(&player) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let b = match env.get_string(&block) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = YogPlaceBlockEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        block: YogStr::from_str(&b),
        pos: YogBlockPos { x, y, z },
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.player_place_block {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnPlaceBlock<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    block: JString<'l>,
    x: jint,
    y: jint,
    z: jint,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.player_place_block.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, b, d) = (jstr!(env, player), jstr!(env, block), jstr!(env, dimension));
    let ev = YogPlaceBlockEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        block: YogStr::from_str(&b),
        pos: YogBlockPos { x, y, z },
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_player_place_block", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.player_place_block {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnPlayerDeathPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    source: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.player_death.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let p = match env.get_string(&player) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let u = match env.get_string(&uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let s = match env.get_string(&source) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = YogPlayerDeathEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        source: YogStr::from_str(&s),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.player_death {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnPlayerDeath<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    source: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.player_death.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, u, s, d) = (
        jstr!(env, player),
        jstr!(env, uuid),
        jstr!(env, source),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = YogPlayerDeathEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        source: YogStr::from_str(&s),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_player_death", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.player_death {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnPlayerRespawn<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    at_anchor: jni::sys::jboolean,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.player_respawn.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, u, d) = (jstr!(env, player), jstr!(env, uuid), jstr!(env, dimension));
    let ev = YogPlayerRespawnEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        at_anchor: at_anchor != 0,
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_player_respawn", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.player_respawn {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnAdvancement<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    uuid: JString<'l>,
    advancement: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.advancement.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, u, a, d) = (
        jstr!(env, player),
        jstr!(env, uuid),
        jstr!(env, advancement),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = YogAdvancementEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        uuid: YogStr::from_str(&u),
        advancement: YogStr::from_str(&a),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_advancement", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.advancement {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnEntityInteractPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    player_uuid: JString<'l>,
    entity_type: JString<'l>,
    entity_uuid: JString<'l>,
    hand: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.entity_interact.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let p = match env.get_string(&player) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let pu = match env.get_string(&player_uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let et = match env.get_string(&entity_type) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let eu = match env.get_string(&entity_uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ha = match env.get_string(&hand) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = YogEntityInteractEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        player_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        entity_type: YogStr::from_str(&et),
        entity_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&eu),
        hand: YogStr::from_str(&ha),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.entity_interact {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnEntityInteract<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    player_uuid: JString<'l>,
    entity_type: JString<'l>,
    entity_uuid: JString<'l>,
    hand: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.entity_interact.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, pu) = (jstr!(env, player), jstr!(env, player_uuid));
    let (et, eu, ha, d) = (
        jstr!(env, entity_type),
        jstr!(env, entity_uuid),
        jstr!(env, hand),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = YogEntityInteractEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        player_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        entity_type: YogStr::from_str(&et),
        entity_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&eu),
        hand: YogStr::from_str(&ha),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_entity_interact", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.entity_interact {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnItemCraft<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    player_uuid: JString<'l>,
    result_item: JString<'l>,
    result_count: jint,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.item_craft.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, pu, ri, d) = (
        jstr!(env, player),
        jstr!(env, player_uuid),
        jstr!(env, result_item),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = YogCraftEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        player_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        result_item: YogStr::from_str(&ri),
        result_count: result_count as u32,
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_item_craft", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.item_craft {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnExplosionPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
    x: jdouble,
    y: jdouble,
    z: jdouble,
    power: jfloat,
    cause_uuid: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.explosion.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let cu = match env.get_string(&cause_uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = YogExplosionEvent {
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
        x,
        y,
        z,
        power,
        cause_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&cu),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.explosion {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnExplosion<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
    x: jdouble,
    y: jdouble,
    z: jdouble,
    power: jfloat,
    cause_uuid: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.explosion.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (d, cu) = (jstr!(env, dimension), jstr!(env, cause_uuid));
    let ev = YogExplosionEvent {
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
        x,
        y,
        z,
        power,
        cause_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&cu),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_explosion", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.explosion {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

// ── ABI minor 9 JNI entry points ─────────────────────────────────────────────

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnItemPickupPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    player_uuid: JString<'l>,
    item_id: JString<'l>,
    item_count: jint,
    entity_uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.item_pickup.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let p = match env.get_string(&player) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let pu = match env.get_string(&player_uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ii = match env.get_string(&item_id) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let eu = match env.get_string(&entity_uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = YogItemPickupEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        player_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        item_id: YogStr::from_str(&ii),
        item_count: item_count as u32,
        entity_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&eu),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.item_pickup {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnItemPickup<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    player_uuid: JString<'l>,
    item_id: JString<'l>,
    item_count: jint,
    entity_uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.item_pickup.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, pu) = (jstr!(env, player), jstr!(env, player_uuid));
    let (ii, eu, d) = (
        jstr!(env, item_id),
        jstr!(env, entity_uuid),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = YogItemPickupEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        player_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        item_id: YogStr::from_str(&ii),
        item_count: item_count as u32,
        entity_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&eu),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_item_pickup", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.item_pickup {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnPlayerMove<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    player_uuid: JString<'l>,
    x: jdouble,
    y: jdouble,
    z: jdouble,
    yaw: jfloat,
    pitch: jfloat,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.player_move.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, pu, d) = (
        jstr!(env, player),
        jstr!(env, player_uuid),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = YogPlayerMoveEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        player_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        x,
        y,
        z,
        yaw,
        pitch,
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_player_move", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.player_move {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnContainerOpenPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    player_uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.container_open.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let p = match env.get_string(&player) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let pu = match env.get_string(&player_uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let d = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = YogContainerOpenEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        player_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        container_type: YogStr::EMPTY,
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.container_open {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnContainerOpen<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    player_uuid: JString<'l>,
    container_type: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.container_open.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, pu, ct, d) = (
        jstr!(env, player),
        jstr!(env, player_uuid),
        jstr!(env, container_type),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = YogContainerOpenEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        player_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        container_type: YogStr::from_str(&ct),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_container_open", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.container_open {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnContainerClose<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    player: JString<'l>,
    player_uuid: JString<'l>,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.container_close.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (p, pu, d) = (
        jstr!(env, player),
        jstr!(env, player_uuid),
        jstr!(env, dimension),
    );
    let ev = YogContainerCloseEvent {
        player: YogStr::from_str(&p),
        player_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&d),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_container_close", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.container_close {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnProjectileHitPre<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    projectile_type: JString<'l>,
    projectile_uuid: JString<'l>,
    shooter_uuid: JString<'l>,
    hit_type: JString<'l>,
    hit_entity_uuid: JString<'l>,
    x: jdouble,
    y: jdouble,
    z: jdouble,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.projectile_hit.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let pt = match env.get_string(&projectile_type) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let pu = match env.get_string(&projectile_uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let su = match env.get_string(&shooter_uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ht = match env.get_string(&hit_type) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let heu = match env.get_string(&hit_entity_uuid) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let dim = match env.get_string(&dimension) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return 1,
    };
    let ev = YogProjectileHitEvent {
        projectile_type: YogStr::from_str(&pt),
        projectile_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        shooter_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&su),
        hit_type: YogStr::from_str(&ht),
        hit_entity_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&heu),
        x,
        y,
        z,
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&dim),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.projectile_hit {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 0) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnProjectileHit<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    projectile_type: JString<'l>,
    projectile_uuid: JString<'l>,
    shooter_uuid: JString<'l>,
    hit_type: JString<'l>,
    hit_entity_uuid: JString<'l>,
    x: jdouble,
    y: jdouble,
    z: jdouble,
    dimension: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.projectile_hit.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let (pt, pu) = (jstr!(env, projectile_type), jstr!(env, projectile_uuid));
    let (su, ht) = (jstr!(env, shooter_uuid), jstr!(env, hit_type));
    let (heu, dim) = (jstr!(env, hit_entity_uuid), jstr!(env, dimension));
    let ev = YogProjectileHitEvent {
        projectile_type: YogStr::from_str(&pt),
        projectile_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&pu),
        shooter_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&su),
        hit_type: YogStr::from_str(&ht),
        hit_entity_uuid: YogStr::from_str(&heu),
        x,
        y,
        z,
        dimension: YogStr::from_str(&dim),
    };
    let srv = srv_ptr();
    guard("on_projectile_hit", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.projectile_hit {
            unsafe { f(*ud, srv, &ev, 1) };
        }
    });
}

// ── ABI minor 10 — client-side JNI entry points ───────────────────────────────

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnClientTick<'l>(
    _env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.client_tick.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    guard("on_client_tick", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.client_tick {
            unsafe { f(*ud) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeGlInit<'l>(
    _env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
) {
    if GL.get().is_some() {
        return;
    }
    let mut raw_get_binary: usize = 0;
    let mut raw_prog_binary: usize = 0;
    let gl = unsafe {
        glow::Context::from_loader_function(|sym| {
            let Some(mut env) = get_env() else {
                return std::ptr::null();
            };
            let jsym = match env.new_string(sym) {
                Ok(s) => s,
                Err(_) => return std::ptr::null(),
            };
            let jsym_obj: JObject = jsym.into();
            let val = env.call_static_method(
                "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
                "glProcAddress",
                "(Ljava/lang/String;)J",
                &[JValue::Object(&jsym_obj)],
            );
            let ptr = match val.and_then(|v| v.j()) {
                Ok(p) if p != 0 => p as usize as *const _,
                _ => std::ptr::null(),
            };
            // Capture extension pointers while the loader runs.
            match sym {
                "glGetProgramBinary" => raw_get_binary = ptr as usize,
                "glProgramBinary" => raw_prog_binary = ptr as usize,
                _ => {}
            }
            ptr
        })
    };
    let _ = GL.set(GlCtx(gl));
    let _ = GL_GET_PROGRAM_BINARY.set(if raw_get_binary != 0 {
        Some(raw_get_binary)
    } else {
        None
    });
    let _ = GL_PROGRAM_BINARY.set(if raw_prog_binary != 0 {
        Some(raw_prog_binary)
    } else {
        None
    });
    // `glGetProgramiv` is a core function; always available.  We look it up once here
    // to avoid depending on glow internals for the PROGRAM_BINARY_LENGTH query.
    if let Some(mut env) = get_env() {
        if let Ok(jsym) = env.new_string("glGetProgramiv") {
            let jsym_obj: JObject = jsym.into();
            if let Ok(jv) = env.call_static_method(
                "dev/yog/NativeBridge",
                "glProcAddress",
                "(Ljava/lang/String;)J",
                &[JValue::Object(&jsym_obj)],
            ) {
                if let Ok(ptr) = jv.j() {
                    let _ = GL_GET_PROGRAM_IV.set(if ptr != 0 { Some(ptr as usize) } else { None });
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnHudRender<'l>(
    _env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    delta_tick: jfloat,
    screen_w: jint,
    screen_h: jint,
    scale_factor: jfloat,
    player_x: jfloat,
    player_y: jfloat,
    player_z: jfloat,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    let mut gfx = GFX_FN_TABLE;
    gfx.screen_w = screen_w;
    gfx.screen_h = screen_h;
    gfx.delta_tick = delta_tick;
    gfx.scale_factor = scale_factor;
    gfx.player_pos = [player_x, player_y, player_z];

    // Mod hud_render callbacks.
    if !h.hud_render.is_empty() {
        guard("on_hud_render", || {
            for (ud, f) in &h.hud_render {
                unsafe { f(*ud, &gfx) };
            }
        });
    }

    // Render active book UIs.
    let active_layers: Vec<UiLayer> = h.active_uis.lock().unwrap().clone();
    let sw = screen_w as f32;
    let sh = screen_h as f32;
    let ctx = unsafe { yog_gfx::GfxContext::from_raw(&gfx as *const _) };
    let mut renderers = h.book_renderers.lock().unwrap();
    for layer in &active_layers {
        if !layer.visible {
            continue;
        }
        if let Some(renderer) = renderers.get_mut(&layer.id) {
            renderer.render(&ctx, sw, sh);
        }
    }
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnWorldRender<'l>(
    env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    delta_tick: jfloat,
    screen_w: jint,
    screen_h: jint,
    scale_factor: jfloat,
    view_proj_arr: JFloatArray<'l>,
    cam_x: jfloat,
    cam_y: jfloat,
    cam_z: jfloat,
    player_x: jfloat,
    player_y: jfloat,
    player_z: jfloat,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.world_render.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let mut view_proj = [0f32; 16];
    if env
        .get_float_array_region(&view_proj_arr, 0, &mut view_proj)
        .is_err()
    {
        return;
    }
    let mut gfx = GFX_FN_TABLE;
    gfx.screen_w = screen_w;
    gfx.screen_h = screen_h;
    gfx.delta_tick = delta_tick;
    gfx.scale_factor = scale_factor;
    gfx.view_proj = view_proj;
    gfx.camera_pos = [cam_x, cam_y, cam_z];
    gfx.player_pos = [player_x, player_y, player_z];
    guard("on_world_render", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.world_render {
            unsafe { f(*ud, &gfx) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnKeyPress<'l>(
    _env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    key_code: jint,
    scan_code: jint,
    action: jint,
    modifiers: jint,
) -> jni::sys::jboolean {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.key_press.is_empty() {
        return 1;
    }
    let ev = YogKeyPressEvent {
        key_code,
        scan_code,
        action,
        modifiers,
    };
    let mut allow = true;
    std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
        for (ud, f) in &h.key_press {
            if !unsafe { f(*ud, &ev) } {
                allow = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }))
    .ok();
    allow as jni::sys::jboolean
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnScreenOpen<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    screen_class: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.screen_open.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let sc = match env.get_string(&screen_class) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return,
    };
    guard("on_screen_open", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.screen_open {
            unsafe { f(*ud, YogStr::from_str(&sc)) };
        }
    });
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "system" fn Java_dev_yog_NativeBridge_nativeOnScreenClose<'l>(
    mut env: JNIEnv<'l>,
    _class: JClass<'l>,
    screen_class: JString<'l>,
) {
    let h = handlers();
    if h.screen_close.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    let sc = match env.get_string(&screen_class) {
        Ok(s) => String::from(s),
        Err(_) => return,
    };
    guard("on_screen_close", || {
        for (ud, f) in &h.screen_close {
            unsafe { f(*ud, YogStr::from_str(&sc)) };
        }
    });
}

mod ui_jni;