yo-resp 0.3.19

//! The seam between a key changing and the search indexes hearing about it.
//!
//! `yo-search` knows what to do with a key that changed and `yo-kv` knows that
//! one did, and neither can reach the other: a hash command is handed one
//! database and the registry lives on the server. So the dispatcher is where
//! the two meet, and this is that meeting.
//!
//! Three ways in. [`changed`] is a key that has just been written, which is
//! read back out of the keyspace and handed to every index that follows it.
//! [`touched`] is the same thing for the commands that name more than one key,
//! which write down what they did rather than answering with it. [`scan`] is
//! the other way round, an index that has just been made walking every key that
//! was already there.
//!
//! # Why the key is read again
//!
//! A hash command knows the fields it touched and that is not enough. A
//! document is read from nothing every time, so what an index needs is the
//! whole of what is under the key now, and `HDEL` of one field would otherwise
//! hand over nothing at all. Reading it back is one more lookup on a stripe
//! that was warm a moment ago, and it only happens when an index actually
//! follows the key, so a server with no indexes on it never pays for this.
//!
//! # Why the fields are copied
//!
//! Reading a hash holds its stripe, and writing the registry cannot happen with
//! a stripe held: another connection would be waiting on a lock while a
//! document is tokenized. So the fields come out into one buffer and the lock
//! goes, which costs one copy of a document per write and buys back the
//! contention that would otherwise land on whichever stripe is busiest.
//!
//! # One lock at a time
//!
//! The registry is behind its own lock and so is every stripe, and nothing here
//! ever holds both. That is not tidiness, it is the only thing keeping the two
//! orders apart: a write takes the registry to ask whether the key matters and
//! then the stripe to read it, and the scan would otherwise take the stripe to
//! walk the keys and then the registry to ask about each one, which is the same
//! pair the other way round and is how a deadlock is built. So the scan lists
//! the names first and asks about them afterwards.

use yo_kv::Db;
use yo_kv::hash::Text;
use yo_search::Source;

use super::Server;

/// What a hash command left behind, in the terms a search index needs.
///
/// Two states would nearly do, and the other two are there because a real
/// server does not treat every way of changing a hash the same. A command is
/// one or more pieces of news, each of which sends the indexes back to the key,
/// and what they find when the key has gone depends on which piece of news it
/// was. All of it is measured against 8.10.1 and all of it shows up in
/// `FT.INFO`, which is the only reason any of it is knowable.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub(super) enum Change {
    /// The fields are what they were, so nothing has to be read again.
    Nothing,
    /// They are not, so the key is read again, or erased if it has gone.
    ///
    /// A key that has gone is still written first, as a document with nothing
    /// in it, which spends a number on a document nobody will ever read. That
    /// is what moves `max_doc_id` when `HEXPIRE key 0` or `HGETDEL` takes the
    /// last field.
    Fields,
    /// A field was taken by the command rather than by a deadline, which is
    /// `HDEL` and nothing else.
    ///
    /// The same as [`Change::Fields`] until the key empties. Then the indexes
    /// go to read a key that is not there and count it as a refusal, where the
    /// same key emptied by a deadline is not counted and does spend a number.
    /// Nobody would guess this and it is what a real server does.
    Taken,
    /// A whole key was written rather than a field of one, which is the
    /// keyspace group.
    ///
    /// The same as [`Change::Fields`] until the key is not a hash when the
    /// indexes go to read it, and then it is simply erased. `COPY` over a
    /// followed key with a string under the source leaves no document and
    /// spends no number, where the same key emptied by a deadline spends one.
    Key,
    /// One command that is two pieces of news, which is `HSETEX` with a
    /// deadline that has already passed.
    ///
    /// The write is announced and then the deadline is, so `max_doc_id` moves
    /// twice for one command, whether or not the key survived it. The field
    /// itself is never indexed, because it is dead before anything reads it.
    Twice,
}

impl Change {
    /// [`Change::Fields`] when something was written, and nothing otherwise.
    pub(super) fn when(wrote: bool) -> Self {
        if wrote { Self::Fields } else { Self::Nothing }
    }

    /// [`Change::Taken`] when a field went, and nothing otherwise.
    pub(super) fn taken(went: bool) -> Self {
        if went { Self::Taken } else { Self::Nothing }
    }

    /// How many times the indexes hear about this, which is one for everything
    /// except the `HSETEX` that writes a field already past its deadline.
    fn rounds(self) -> usize {
        match self {
            Self::Nothing => 0,
            Self::Twice => 2,
            _ => 1,
        }
    }
}

/// What a keyspace command did to the keys it named.
///
/// A hash command is one key and one answer and these are not. `DEL a b c` is
/// three keys, `COPY a b DB 1` writes into a database the connection is not on,
/// and `RENAME` is two keys in one move and is not the same thing as erasing
/// one and writing the other. So the commands in that group write down what
/// they did as they go, and the dispatcher reads it back once the reply is
/// written.
///
/// Nothing is written down on a server with no index on it, which is nearly
/// every server, so `DEL` there is the command it always was.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub(super) struct Touched<'a> {
    /// Whether any index is listening at all.
    watching: bool,
    /// What happened, in the order it happened.
    news: Vec<News<'a>>,
}

/// One thing that happened to one key.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
enum News<'a> {
    /// The key is not there any more, however it went.
    Gone(&'a [u8]),
    /// Something was put under it, and what that is has to be read to find out.
    Wrote(&'a [u8]),
    /// One key became another.
    Renamed(&'a [u8], &'a [u8]),
}

impl<'a> Touched<'a> {
    /// A list that collects nothing unless an index is watching.
    pub(super) fn new(server: &Server) -> Touched<'a> {
        Touched {
            watching: server.search.lock().watching(),
            news: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// A key that is not there any more.
    pub(super) fn gone(&mut self, key: &'a [u8]) {
        self.note(News::Gone(key));
    }

    /// A key that has something under it that nobody here has looked at.
    pub(super) fn wrote(&mut self, key: &'a [u8]) {
        self.note(News::Wrote(key));
    }

    /// A key that became another key.
    pub(super) fn renamed(&mut self, from: &'a [u8], to: &'a [u8]) {
        self.note(News::Renamed(from, to));
    }

    /// Keeps one piece of news, or drops it when nobody is listening.
    fn note(&mut self, news: News<'a>) {
        if self.watching {
            self.news.push(news);
        }
    }
}

/// The database the keyspace group reads a key back from, whatever database the
/// command that named it ran on.
///
/// A hash command reads the database it ran on and this does not, which is
/// measured and is stranger than it sounds. `COPY p:1 p:2 DB 1` from database
/// zero leaves nothing indexed and takes away whatever `p:2` had, because the
/// indexes go and look for `p:2` on database zero and it is not there. The same
/// copy the other way round, into database zero from database one, is indexed.
/// So is a `RESTORE` on database zero, and the same `RESTORE` on database one
/// is not.
///
/// It reads as a bug and it is at worst a shortcut: an index belongs to the
/// database it was made on, `FT.CREATE` is refused anywhere but database zero,
/// so an index reading database zero is an index reading its own database. The
/// hash path is the odd one out rather than this.
const INDEXED: usize = 0;

/// Tells the indexes everything a keyspace command did.
///
/// After the reply, the same as [`changed`], and for the same reason: an index
/// that cannot read a key is a number in `FT.INFO` and not an error a client
/// hears about.
pub(super) fn touched(server: &Server, touched: &Touched<'_>) {
    for news in &touched.news {
        match *news {
            News::Gone(key) => server.search.lock().went(key),
            News::Wrote(key) => round(server, INDEXED, key, Change::Key),
            News::Renamed(from, to) => renamed(server, from, to),
        }
    }
}

/// One key that became another.
///
/// The ordinary case is a rename from one covered key to another, and it costs
/// two questions and a move: the document is already held and the value under
/// it did not change, so there is nothing to read and no number to spend. The
/// key is only read back when it is arriving from outside a prefix or when the
/// index had no document for it, which is what [`Registry::rereads`] answers.
///
/// [`Registry::rereads`]: yo_search::Registry::rereads
fn renamed(server: &Server, from: &[u8], to: &[u8]) {
    let reread = {
        let search = server.search.lock();
        if !search.watching() {
            return;
        }
        search.rereads(Source::Hash, from, to)
    };
    // Read with the registry let go, the same order every other path here uses.
    let doc = if reread {
        read(&server.dbs[INDEXED], to)
    } else {
        None
    };
    let pairs = doc.as_ref().map(Document::pairs);
    server
        .search
        .lock()
        .renamed(Source::Hash, from, to, pairs.as_deref());
}

/// A hash lifted out of the keyspace so an index can be handed it.
///
/// One buffer with the ends beside it rather than a vector of vectors, so a
/// hash of forty fields is two allocations and not eighty. The fields and the
/// values alternate, the way they arrived.
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub(super) struct Document {
    /// Every field name and value, one after another.
    bytes: Vec<u8>,
    /// Where each of them ends.
    ends: Vec<usize>,
}

impl Document {
    /// Adds one field name or one value.
    ///
    /// An integer is written out in digits, because that is what it was when a
    /// client sent it and what the client gets back. A hash stores `5` as a
    /// number to save the room, and an index that saw `Int(5)` and a client
    /// that sees `"5"` have to agree.
    fn push(&mut self, text: Text<'_>) {
        match text {
            Text::Str(s) => self.bytes.extend_from_slice(s),
            Text::Int(n) => yo_common::num::push_i64(&mut self.bytes, n),
        }
        self.ends.push(self.bytes.len());
    }

    /// The pairs, in the order they were added.
    pub(super) fn pairs(&self) -> Vec<(&[u8], &[u8])> {
        let mut at = 0;
        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(self.ends.len() / 2);
        let mut parts = self.ends.iter().map(|&end| {
            let part = &self.bytes[at..end];
            at = end;
            part
        });
        while let (Some(field), Some(value)) = (parts.next(), parts.next()) {
            out.push((field, value));
        }
        out
    }
}

/// Reads a hash back, or `None` when the key is not there or is not a hash.
///
/// A key of the wrong type is `None` and not an error. An index `ON HASH` walks
/// past a string sitting under its prefix without a word and without counting a
/// failure, which is measured against a real server and is the opposite of the
/// obvious guess.
pub(super) fn read(db: &Db, key: &[u8]) -> Option<Document> {
    let mut doc = Document::default();
    let mut held = db.hold(key);
    let found = held.hgetall(key, |field, value| {
        doc.push(field);
        doc.push(value);
    });
    drop(held);
    match found {
        Ok(true) => Some(doc),
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// One key has changed, so every index that follows it reads it again.
///
/// Called after the command has already written its reply, because indexing is
/// not something a client can be told went wrong: a document that will not read
/// is counted in `FT.INFO` and the `HSET` that caused it still answers `OK`.
pub(super) fn changed(server: &Server, db: usize, key: &[u8], change: Change) {
    for _ in 0..change.rounds() {
        round(server, db, key, change);
    }
}

/// One piece of news about one key, which is all of them but the `HSETEX` that
/// writes a field already past its deadline.
fn round(server: &Server, db: usize, key: &[u8], change: Change) {
    // Two questions before any work. The first is a look at an empty vector on
    // nearly every server there will ever be, and the second is a walk over a
    // handful of short prefixes.
    let follows = {
        let search = server.search.lock();
        if !search.watching() {
            return;
        }
        search.follows(Source::Hash, key)
    };
    if !follows {
        // It could still be a key an index used to hold, which is what a
        // `RENAME` out of a prefix leaves behind, so it is erased rather than
        // ignored.
        server.search.lock().went(key);
        return;
    }
    // The read happens with the registry let go, and the lock is taken again to
    // write what it found.
    let doc = read(&server.dbs[db], key);
    let mut search = server.search.lock();
    match doc {
        Some(doc) => search.wrote(Source::Hash, key, &doc.pairs()),
        // A key that is not there any more is either a refusal or a document
        // with nothing in it, and which one it is depends on how it emptied.
        // `HDEL` of the last field is a refusal and spends no number, and a
        // deadline that took the last field is a document and spends one. There
        // is no way to see the difference other than through `FT.INFO`, and it
        // is exactly what a real server reports.
        None if change == Change::Taken => search.vanished(Source::Hash, key),
        // A keyspace command took the whole key or put something that is not a
        // hash under it, and either way there is nothing to count and nothing
        // to number. Only a hash command that emptied a key writes the document
        // with nothing in it first.
        None if change == Change::Key => search.went(key),
        None => {
            search.wrote(Source::Hash, key, &[]);
            search.went(key);
        }
    }
}

/// A fresh index reads every key that was already there.
///
/// One database and not all of them, which is the odd half of a pair. An index
/// follows a key by name across every database once it is running, so a `HSET`
/// on database one reaches an index made on database zero. The scan does not:
/// it reads the database `FT.CREATE` was run on and no other, so the same key
/// on database one is invisible until something writes to it. Both halves are
/// measured against 8.10.1, and the asymmetry is what falls out of a real
/// server walking one keyspace while its notifications are server wide.
///
/// Every key is listed before any of them is asked about, for two reasons. The
/// walk holds a stripe and reading a key back wants the same stripe, and asking
/// the registry with a stripe held is the lock order a write does not use. So
/// the names come out first and the prefixes are matched afterwards, which
/// costs a list of the names in one database on a command nobody sends twice.
pub(super) fn scan(server: &Server, db: usize, name: &[u8]) {
    if !server.search.lock().scanning(name) {
        return;
    }
    let mut keys = Vec::new();
    server.dbs[db].keys(|key| keys.push(key.to_vec()));
    {
        let search = server.search.lock();
        keys.retain(|key| search.wants(name, Source::Hash, key));
    }
    for key in keys {
        if let Some(doc) = read(&server.dbs[db], &key) {
            server
                .search
                .lock()
                .filled(name, Source::Hash, &key, &doc.pairs());
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    /// The pairs come back in the order they went in, and an integer value
    /// comes back in digits.
    #[test]
    fn a_document_hands_back_the_pairs_it_was_given() {
        let mut doc = Document::default();
        doc.push(Text::Str(b"t"));
        doc.push(Text::Str(b"alpha"));
        doc.push(Text::Str(b"n"));
        doc.push(Text::Int(-42));
        assert_eq!(
            doc.pairs(),
            vec![(&b"t"[..], &b"alpha"[..]), (&b"n"[..], &b"-42"[..])]
        );
    }

    /// An empty hash is no pairs rather than a panic, and so is a buffer with
    /// a field and no value, which nothing should ever build.
    #[test]
    fn a_document_with_nothing_in_it_is_no_pairs() {
        assert!(Document::default().pairs().is_empty());
        let mut odd = Document::default();
        odd.push(Text::Str(b"t"));
        assert!(odd.pairs().is_empty());
    }
}