yatlv 2.0.0

//! Yet Another Tag Length Value (YATLV) format.
//!
//! Tag-length-value formats are a common way to exchange structured data in a compact and
//! well defined way.  They stand midway between schema-rich formats (like `JSON`, `YAML` and `XML`)
//! and compact binary formats that contain no schema information (like `bincode`).
//!
//! One advantage of tag-length-value formats is they support better forwards compatibility
//! than their schema-less cousins because they contain just enough information for a parser to
//! skip fields they do not recognise.
//!
//! Unlike many tag-length-value formats, no attempt is made to use variable length
//! encodings to reduce the amount of space taken by the 'length'.  This does lead to larger
//! encodings but simplifies the job of the parser and builder significantly.
//!
//! Structure of the format:
//! ```abnf
//! packet-frame = frame-size frame
//! frame-size   = unsigned32
//! frame        = frame-format field-count *field
//! frame-format = 0x01
//! field-count  = unsigned32
//! field        = field-tag field-length field-value
//! field-tag    = unsigned16
//! field-length = unsigned32
//! field-value  = octet-array
//! unsigned16   = 0x0000-0xFFFF
//! unsigned32   = 0x00000000-0xFFFFFFFF
//! octet-array  = *0x00-0xFF
//! ```
//! Where:
//!
//! * frame-format is always 0x01, but alternative formats may be added later
//! * the number `field`s must match `field-count`
//! * the length of `field-value` must match `field-length`.
//! * `unsigned-16` and `unsigned-32` are encoded using big-endian.
//!
//! The root frame can either be encoded as a `frame` or as a `packet-frame`.  Encoding
//! as a `packet-frame` is useful when sending `frame`s across a stream.
//!
//! Although applications can store arbitrary data in the `field-value`, the following
//! conventions should normally be observed:
//!
//! * numbers use big-endian encoding
//! * boolean values are encoded using a single byte (`0x00`=`false`, `0xFF`=`true`)
//! * text is encoded as UTF-8
//!
//! # Reading and Writing
//!
//! This library tries to make reading and writing reliable and not dependant on
//! the values being written.  To that end, the `add_*` methods for numbers always
//! use the same number of bytes, irrespective of the actual values being written.
//! Currently only `add_data` and `add_str` can add a variable number of bytes to the frame.
//!
//! Reading attempts to be forward compatible, with the following guarantees:
//!
//! * Any number written by a smaller `add_u*` method can always be be safely read by a larger one.
//!   (e.g., a number written using `add_u16` can be safely read using `get_u32`).
//! * Any number written by a larger `add_u*` method can not be read by a smaller one.
//!
//! This means that when upgrading a program it should always be safe to increase the range
//! of a field.  If you want to decrease the range of a number field, the upgraded version
//! will need to read using the same `get_u*` function and then handle any overflow in
//! program logic.
//!
//! # Create Features
//!
//! Yatlv has one optional feature:
//!
//! * `uuid` supports reading and writing uuids.
//!
//! # Example Usage
//!
//! ```
//! use yatlv::Result;
//! # fn main() -> Result<()> {
//!
//! use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, FrameParser};
//!
//! const TAG1: u16 = 1;
//! const TAG2: u16 = 2;
//! const TAG3: u16 = 3;
//! const TAG4: u16 = 4;
//!
//! // the FrameBuilder will expand the buffer as needed, but it is more
//! // efficient to allocate enough capacity up front.
//! let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(1000);
//!
//! {
//!     let mut bld1 = FrameBuilder::new(&mut buf);
//!     bld1.add_str(TAG1, "hello");
//!
//!     {
//!         // child FrameBuilders retain a mutable reference
//!         // to their parent - so you cannot have two child
//!         // FrameBuilders in the same scope.
//!         let mut bld2a = bld1.add_frame(TAG2);
//!         bld2a.add_u32(TAG4, 78);
//!         bld2a.add_u32(TAG4, 109);
//!     }
//!
//!     {
//!         let mut bld2b = bld1.add_frame(TAG3);
//!         bld2b.add_str(TAG4, "goodbye");
//!     }
//! }
//!
//! let parser1 = FrameParser::new(&buf)?;
//! assert_eq!("hello", parser1.get_str(TAG1)?);
//!
//! // FrameParsers only have an immutable reference to their parent,
//! // so you can hold references to multiple child frames when parsing.
//! let parser2a = parser1.get_frame(TAG2)?;
//! let parser2b = parser1.get_frame(TAG3)?;
//!
//! // Here we are using iterator access to get all the values with the same tag (TAG4)
//! let frame2a_values: Vec<_> = parser2a.get_u32s(TAG4).map(|v| v.unwrap()).collect();
//! assert_eq!(vec![78, 109], frame2a_values);
//!
//! let frame2b_value = parser2b.get_str(TAG4)?;
//! assert_eq!("goodbye", frame2b_value);
//!
//! # Ok(())}
//! ```

use std::convert::TryInto;

const SIZE_BYTES: usize = 4;

/// FrameBuilderLike defines the methods common to [FrameBuilder] and [PacketFrameBuilder].
pub trait FrameBuilderLike {
    /// Add a slice of data as a field to the frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike};
    /// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
    /// {
    ///     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
    ///     let tag = 45;
    ///     let data = &[90, 9];
    ///     bld.add_data(tag, data);
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(&[
    ///     1,          // frame-format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1, // field count
    ///     0, 45,      // field-tag
    ///     0, 0, 0, 2, // field-length
    ///     90, 9       // field-value
    /// ], &data[..]);
    /// ```
    fn add_data(&mut self, tag: u16, value: &[u8]);

    /// Create a new child frame builder.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike};
    /// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
    /// {
    ///     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
    ///     let tag = 45;
    ///     let mut child_bld = bld.add_frame(45);
    ///     let tag2 = 60;
    ///     let data = &[90, 9];
    ///     child_bld.add_data(60, data);
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(&[
    ///     1,           // frame-format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1,  // field count
    ///     0, 45,       // field-tag
    ///     0, 0, 0, 13, // field-length
    ///     1,           // child frame format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1,  // child field count
    ///     0, 60,       // child field-tag2
    ///     0, 0, 0, 2,  // child field-length
    ///     90, 9        // child field-value
    /// ], &data[..]);
    /// ```
    fn add_frame(&mut self, tag: u16) -> PacketFrameBuilder<'_>;

    /// Add a bool flied to the frame.
    /// ```
    /// use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike};
    /// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
    /// {
    ///     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
    ///     bld.add_bool(1022, true);
    ///     bld.add_bool(1021, false);
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(&[
    ///     1,          // frame-format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 2, // field count = 1
    ///     3, 254,     // tag = 1022
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1, // field length = 2
    ///     255,        // field value
    ///     3, 253,     // tag = 1021
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1, // field length = 2
    ///     0           // field value
    /// ], &data[..]);
    /// ```
    fn add_bool(&mut self, tag: u16, value: bool) {
        self.add_u8(tag, if value { 0xFF } else { 0x00 })
    }

    /// Add a u8 field to the frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike};
    /// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
    /// {
    ///     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
    ///     let tag = 45;
    ///     let data = 7;
    ///     bld.add_u8(tag, data);
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(&[
    ///     1,          // frame-format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1, // field count
    ///     0, 45,      // field-tag
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1, // field-length
    ///     7           // field-value
    /// ], &data[..]);
    /// ```
    fn add_u8(&mut self, tag: u16, value: u8) {
        self.add_data(tag, &value.to_be_bytes())
    }

    /// Add a u16 field to the frame.
    ///
    /// This method will always use a two byte encoding
    /// for the value.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike};
    /// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
    /// {
    ///     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
    ///     let tag = 45;
    ///     let data = 7;
    ///     bld.add_u16(tag, data);
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(&[
    ///     1,          // frame-format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1, // field count
    ///     0, 45,      // field-tag
    ///     0, 0, 0, 2, // field-length
    ///     0, 7        // field-value
    /// ], &data[..]);
    /// ```
    fn add_u16(&mut self, tag: u16, value: u16) {
        self.add_data(tag, &value.to_be_bytes())
    }

    /// Add a u32 field to the frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike};
    /// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
    /// {
    ///     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
    ///     let tag = 45;
    ///     let data = 7;
    ///     bld.add_u32(tag, data);
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(&[
    ///     1,          // frame-format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1, // field count
    ///     0, 45,      // field-tag
    ///     0, 0, 0, 4, // field-length
    ///     0, 0, 0, 7  // field-value
    /// ], &data[..]);
    /// ```
    fn add_u32(&mut self, tag: u16, value: u32) {
        self.add_data(tag, &value.to_be_bytes())
    }

    /// Add a u64 field to the frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike};
    /// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
    /// {
    ///     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
    ///     let tag = 45;
    ///     let data = 7;
    ///     bld.add_u64(tag, data);
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(&[
    ///     1,                     // frame-format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1,            // field count
    ///     0, 45,                 // field-tag
    ///     0, 0, 0, 8,            // field-length
    ///     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7 // field-value
    /// ], &data[..]);
    /// ```
    fn add_u64(&mut self, tag: u16, value: u64) {
        self.add_data(tag, &value.to_be_bytes())
    }

    /// Add a str field to the frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike};
    /// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
    /// {
    ///     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
    ///     let tag = 45;
    ///     let data = "hello";
    ///     bld.add_str(tag, data);
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(&[
    ///     1,                      // frame-format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1,             // field count
    ///     0, 45,                  // field-tag
    ///     0, 0, 0, 5,             // field-length
    ///     104, 101, 108, 108, 111 // field-value
    /// ], &data[..]);
    /// ```
    fn add_str<S>(&mut self, tag: u16, value: S)
    where
        S: AsRef<str>,
    {
        self.add_data(tag, value.as_ref().as_bytes())
    }

    /// Add a uuid field to the frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use uuid::Uuid;
    /// use yatlv::{FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike};
    /// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
    /// {
    ///     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
    ///     let tag = 45;
    ///     let data = Uuid::parse_str("3011712a-d972-4a5d-bbf9-ec5fb7525c97").unwrap();
    ///     bld.add_uuid(tag, &data);
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(&[
    ///     1,                      // frame-format
    ///     0, 0, 0, 1,             // field count
    ///     0, 45,                  // field-tag
    ///     0, 0, 0, 16,             // field-length
    ///     48, 17, 113, 42, 217, 114, 74, 93, 187, 249, 236, 95, 183, 82, 92, 151 // field-value
    /// ], &data[..]);
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "uuid")]
    fn add_uuid(&mut self, tag: u16, value: &uuid::Uuid) {
        self.add_data(tag, value.as_bytes())
    }
}

/// FrameBuilder can be used to push a frame into a mutable `Vec<u8>`
///
/// For usage details see [FrameBuilderLike].
///
/// ```
/// use yatlv::FrameBuilder;
/// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
/// {
///     FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
/// }
/// assert_eq!(&[
///     1,         // frame-format
///     0, 0, 0, 0 // field-count
/// ], &data[..]);
/// ```
pub struct FrameBuilder<'a> {
    field_count: u32,
    field_start: usize,
    data: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
}

impl<'a> Drop for FrameBuilder<'a> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        let field_count_pos = self.field_start + 1;
        self.data[field_count_pos..field_count_pos + SIZE_BYTES]
            .copy_from_slice(&self.field_count.to_be_bytes())
    }
}

impl<'a> FrameBuilder<'a> {
    pub fn new(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> FrameBuilder<'_> {
        let field_start = data.len();
        data.extend_from_slice(&[1, 0, 0, 0, 0]);

        FrameBuilder {
            field_count: 0,
            field_start,
            data,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a> FrameBuilderLike for FrameBuilder<'a> {
    fn add_data(&mut self, tag: u16, value: &[u8]) {
        self.field_count += 1;
        self.data.reserve(6 + value.len());
        self.data.extend_from_slice(&tag.to_be_bytes());
        self.data
            .extend_from_slice(&(value.len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
        self.data.extend_from_slice(value);
    }

    fn add_frame(&mut self, tag: u16) -> PacketFrameBuilder<'_> {
        self.field_count += 1;
        self.data.reserve(6);
        self.data.extend_from_slice(&tag.to_be_bytes());
        PacketFrameBuilder::new(self.data)
    }
}

/// PacketBuilder can be used to push a packet-frame into a mutable `Vec<u8>`
///
/// For usage details see [FrameBuilderLike].
/// ```
/// use yatlv::PacketFrameBuilder;
/// let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
/// {
///     PacketFrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
/// }
/// assert_eq!(&[
///     0, 0, 0, 5, // packet-size
///     1,  // frame-format
///     0, 0, 0, 0 // field-count
/// ], &data[..]);
/// ```
pub struct PacketFrameBuilder<'a> {
    field_count: u32,
    packet_start: usize,
    data: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
}

impl<'a> Drop for PacketFrameBuilder<'a> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        let packet_length = (self.data.len() - self.packet_start - SIZE_BYTES) as u32;

        self.data[self.packet_start..self.packet_start + SIZE_BYTES]
            .copy_from_slice(&packet_length.to_be_bytes());

        let field_count_pos = self.packet_start + 5;
        self.data[field_count_pos..field_count_pos + SIZE_BYTES]
            .copy_from_slice(&self.field_count.to_be_bytes())
    }
}

impl<'a> PacketFrameBuilder<'a> {
    pub fn new(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> PacketFrameBuilder<'_> {
        let packet_start = data.len();
        data.extend_from_slice(&[0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]);

        PacketFrameBuilder {
            field_count: 0,
            packet_start,
            data,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a> FrameBuilderLike for PacketFrameBuilder<'a> {
    fn add_data(&mut self, tag: u16, value: &[u8]) {
        self.field_count += 1;
        self.data.reserve(6 + value.len());
        self.data.extend_from_slice(&tag.to_be_bytes());
        self.data
            .extend_from_slice(&(value.len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
        self.data.extend_from_slice(value);
    }

    fn add_frame(&mut self, tag: u16) -> PacketFrameBuilder<'_> {
        self.field_count += 1;
        self.data.reserve(6);
        self.data.extend_from_slice(&tag.to_be_bytes());
        PacketFrameBuilder::new(self.data)
    }
}

/// Library Error Type
#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub enum Error {
    /// The frame must start with a single format byte.
    IncompleteFrameFormat,

    /// The frame format must be one of the recognized formats (currently only, `0x01`).
    InvalidFrameFormat(u32),

    /// The frame must have a four byte field-count that indicates the number fields
    /// in the frame (encoded as big-endian u32)
    IncompleteFrameFieldCount,

    /// Each field must start with a two byte tag (big-endian u16) and a
    /// four byte length (big-endian u32).
    IncompleteFieldTagOrLength,

    /// Each field must have a value that is field-length long
    /// This error as expected and actual lengths.
    IncompleteFieldValue(usize, usize),

    /// When converting a field to an expected type of value the field length
    /// must be compatible with the expected value type.
    IncompatibleFieldLength(usize),

    /// When converting a field into an expected type the value of the field
    /// must be compatible with the expected type.
    IncompatibleFieldValue,

    /// Once all the fields have been read there should be no more data in the
    /// frame.
    UnexpectedData,

    /// A required field was not present in the frame.
    MissingRequiredField(u16),
}

/// Library Result Type
pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;

struct FrameParserField<'a> {
    tag: u16,
    value: &'a [u8],
}

/// FrameParser can be used to access field encoded as a frame.
pub struct FrameParser<'a> {
    fields: Vec<FrameParserField<'a>>,
}

enum FrameFormat {
    Format1,
}

fn read_frame_format(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(FrameFormat, &[u8])> {
    if !data.is_empty() {
        let (field_count_bytes, tail) = data.split_at(1);
        let raw_format = field_count_bytes[0];
        let format = match raw_format {
            0x01 => Ok(FrameFormat::Format1),
            _ => Err(Error::InvalidFrameFormat(raw_format as u32)),
        }?;
        Ok((format, tail))
    } else {
        Err(Error::IncompleteFrameFormat)
    }
}

fn read_frame_field_count(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(u32, &[u8])> {
    if data.len() >= 4 {
        let (field_count_bytes, tail) = data.split_at(4);
        let field_count = u32::from_be_bytes(field_count_bytes.try_into().unwrap());
        Ok((field_count, tail))
    } else {
        Err(Error::IncompleteFrameFieldCount)
    }
}

fn read_field_tag_and_length(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(u16, usize, &[u8])> {
    if data.len() >= 6 {
        let (tag_bytes, tail) = data.split_at(2);
        let tag = u16::from_be_bytes(tag_bytes.try_into().unwrap());
        let (length_bytes, tail) = tail.split_at(4);
        let length = u32::from_be_bytes(length_bytes.try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
        Ok((tag, length, tail))
    } else {
        Err(Error::IncompleteFieldTagOrLength)
    }
}

fn read_field_value(data: &[u8], field_length: usize) -> Result<(&[u8], &[u8])> {
    if data.len() >= field_length {
        Ok(data.split_at(field_length))
    } else {
        Err(Error::IncompleteFieldValue(field_length, data.len()))
    }
}

impl<'a> FrameParser<'a> {
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_data(12, &[4, 5]);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// // Assuming frame_data contains a frame with a single data field (tag=12, value=[4, 5])
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected: &[u8] = &[4, 5];
    /// assert_eq!(expected, parser.get_data(12)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn new(frame_data: &[u8]) -> Result<FrameParser<'_>> {
        let (_, body) = read_frame_format(frame_data)?;
        let (field_count, mut body) = read_frame_field_count(body)?;
        // Cap the pre-allocation by what the remaining bytes can possibly hold (each field
        // is at minimum 6 bytes: 2-byte tag + 4-byte length). Without this, a malicious
        // field_count = 0xFFFFFFFF would attempt a ~72 GB allocation before any bounds check.
        let max_possible_fields = body.len() / 6;
        let mut fields = Vec::with_capacity((field_count as usize).min(max_possible_fields));
        for _ in 0..field_count {
            let (tag, length, tail) = read_field_tag_and_length(body)?;
            let (value, tail) = read_field_value(tail, length)?;
            fields.push(FrameParserField { tag, value });
            body = tail
        }
        if body.is_empty() {
            Ok(FrameParser { fields })
        } else {
            Err(Error::UnexpectedData)
        }
    }

    // --- Optional accessors (return None when field is absent) ---

    /// Read field from frame, returning `None` if absent.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_data(12, &[4, 5]);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected: &[u8] = &[4, 5];
    /// assert_eq!(Some(expected), parser.get_optional_data(12));
    /// assert_eq!(None, parser.get_optional_data(99));
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_optional_data(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Option<&'a [u8]> {
        for field in &self.fields {
            if field.tag == search_tag {
                return Some(field.value);
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// Read required field from frame, returning `Err(MissingRequiredField)` if absent.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_data(12, &[4, 5]);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected: &[u8] = &[4, 5];
    /// assert_eq!(expected, parser.get_data(12)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_data(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<&'a [u8]> {
        self.get_optional_data(search_tag)
            .ok_or(Error::MissingRequiredField(search_tag))
    }

    /// Read all fields with a given tag from a frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_data(12, &[4, 5]);
    /// #     bld.add_data(12, &[3, 5]);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected = vec![&[4, 5], &[3, 5]];
    /// let actual: Vec<&[u8]> = parser.get_datas(12).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_datas<'b>(&'b self, search_tag: u16) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a [u8]>
    where
        'b: 'a,
    {
        self.fields
            .iter()
            .filter(move |f| f.tag == search_tag)
            .map(|f| f.value)
    }

    /// Read optional u8 field from frame.
    ///
    /// Only handles data stored as 1 byte. Use [`get_optional_u16`](Self::get_optional_u16),
    /// [`get_optional_u32`](Self::get_optional_u32), or [`get_optional_u64`](Self::get_optional_u64)
    /// to read a field whose encoding was upgraded to a wider type.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u8(12, 9);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(Some(9), parser.get_optional_u8(12)?);
    /// assert_eq!(None, parser.get_optional_u8(99)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_optional_u8(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<Option<u8>> {
        self.decode_value(search_tag, decode_u8)
    }

    /// Read required u8 field from frame, returning `Err(MissingRequiredField)` if absent.
    ///
    /// Only handles data stored as 1 byte. See [`get_optional_u8`](Self::get_optional_u8) for details.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u8(12, 9);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(9, parser.get_u8(12)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_u8(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<u8> {
        self.get_optional_u8(search_tag)?
            .ok_or(Error::MissingRequiredField(search_tag))
    }

    /// Read u8 fields from frame.
    ///
    /// Only handles data stored as 1 byte. See [`get_optional_u8`](Self::get_optional_u8) for details.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u8(12, 6);
    /// #     bld.add_u8(12, 9);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected : Vec<Result<u8>> = vec![Ok(6), Ok(9)];
    /// let actual: Vec<Result<u8>> = parser.get_u8s(12).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_u8s<'b>(&'b self, search_tag: u16) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<u8>> + 'b
    where
        'b: 'a,
    {
        self.get_datas(search_tag).map(decode_u8)
    }

    /// Read optional u16 field from frame.
    ///
    /// Handles data stored as 1 or 2 bytes (i.e. written by [`add_u8`](FrameBuilderLike::add_u8)
    /// or [`add_u16`](FrameBuilderLike::add_u16)). Use [`get_optional_u32`](Self::get_optional_u32)
    /// or [`get_optional_u64`](Self::get_optional_u64) to read a field upgraded to a wider type.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u16(12, 1024);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(Some(1024), parser.get_optional_u16(12)?);
    /// assert_eq!(None, parser.get_optional_u16(99)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_optional_u16(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<Option<u16>> {
        self.decode_value(search_tag, decode_u16)
    }

    /// Read required u16 field from frame, returning `Err(MissingRequiredField)` if absent.
    ///
    /// Handles data stored as 1 or 2 bytes. See [`get_optional_u16`](Self::get_optional_u16) for details.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u16(12, 1024);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(1024, parser.get_u16(12)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_u16(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<u16> {
        self.get_optional_u16(search_tag)?
            .ok_or(Error::MissingRequiredField(search_tag))
    }

    /// Read u16 fields from frame.
    ///
    /// Handles data stored as 1 or 2 bytes. See [`get_optional_u16`](Self::get_optional_u16) for details.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u16(12, 1024);
    /// #     bld.add_u16(12, 1025);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected : Vec<Result<u16>> = vec![Ok(1024), Ok(1025)];
    /// let actual: Vec<Result<u16>> = parser.get_u16s(12).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_u16s<'b>(&'b self, search_tag: u16) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<u16>> + 'b
    where
        'b: 'a,
    {
        self.get_datas(search_tag).map(decode_u16)
    }

    /// Read optional u32 field from frame.
    ///
    /// Handles data stored as 1, 2, or 4 bytes (i.e. written by [`add_u8`](FrameBuilderLike::add_u8),
    /// [`add_u16`](FrameBuilderLike::add_u16), or [`add_u32`](FrameBuilderLike::add_u32)).
    /// Use [`get_optional_u64`](Self::get_optional_u64) for fields upgraded to 8 bytes.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u32(12, 1744964616);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(Some(1744964616), parser.get_optional_u32(12)?);
    /// assert_eq!(None, parser.get_optional_u32(99)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_optional_u32(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<Option<u32>> {
        self.decode_value(search_tag, decode_u32)
    }

    /// Read required u32 field from frame, returning `Err(MissingRequiredField)` if absent.
    ///
    /// Handles data stored as 1, 2, or 4 bytes. See [`get_optional_u32`](Self::get_optional_u32) for details.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u32(12, 1744964616);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(1744964616, parser.get_u32(12)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_u32(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<u32> {
        self.get_optional_u32(search_tag)?
            .ok_or(Error::MissingRequiredField(search_tag))
    }

    /// Read u32 fields from frame.
    ///
    /// Handles data stored as 1, 2, or 4 bytes. See [`get_optional_u32`](Self::get_optional_u32) for details.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u32(12, 1744964616);
    /// #     bld.add_u32(12, 1744964617);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected : Vec<Result<u32>> = vec![Ok(1744964616), Ok(1744964617)];
    /// let actual: Vec<Result<u32>> = parser.get_u32s(12).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_u32s<'b>(&'b self, search_tag: u16) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<u32>> + 'b
    where
        'b: 'a,
    {
        self.get_datas(search_tag).map(decode_u32)
    }

    /// Read optional u64 field from frame.
    ///
    /// Handles data stored as 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u64(12, 150626523450313736);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(Some(150626523450313736), parser.get_optional_u64(12)?);
    /// assert_eq!(None, parser.get_optional_u64(99)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_optional_u64(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
        self.decode_value(search_tag, decode_u64)
    }

    /// Read required u64 field from frame, returning `Err(MissingRequiredField)` if absent.
    ///
    /// Handles data stored as 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes. See [`get_optional_u64`](Self::get_optional_u64) for details.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u64(12, 150626523450313736);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(150626523450313736, parser.get_u64(12)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_u64(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<u64> {
        self.get_optional_u64(search_tag)?
            .ok_or(Error::MissingRequiredField(search_tag))
    }

    /// Read u64 fields from frame.
    ///
    /// Handles data stored as 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_u64(12, 150626523450313736);
    /// #     bld.add_u64(12, 150626523450313737);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected : Vec<Result<u64>> = vec![Ok(150626523450313736), Ok(150626523450313737)];
    /// let actual: Vec<Result<u64>> = parser.get_u64s(12).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_u64s<'b>(&'b self, search_tag: u16) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<u64>> + 'b
    where
        'b: 'a,
    {
        self.get_datas(search_tag).map(decode_u64)
    }

    /// Read optional bool field from frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_bool(12, true);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(Some(true), parser.get_optional_bool(12)?);
    /// assert_eq!(None, parser.get_optional_bool(99)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_optional_bool(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<Option<bool>> {
        self.decode_value(search_tag, decode_bool)
    }

    /// Read required bool field from frame, returning `Err(MissingRequiredField)` if absent.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_bool(12, true);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(true, parser.get_bool(12)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_bool(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<bool> {
        self.get_optional_bool(search_tag)?
            .ok_or(Error::MissingRequiredField(search_tag))
    }

    /// Read bool fields from frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_bool(12, false);
    /// #     bld.add_bool(12, true);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected : Vec<Result<bool>> = vec![Ok(false), Ok(true)];
    /// let actual: Vec<Result<bool>> = parser.get_bools(12).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_bools<'b>(&'b self, search_tag: u16) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<bool>> + 'b
    where
        'b: 'a,
    {
        self.get_datas(search_tag).map(decode_bool)
    }

    /// Read optional str field from frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_str(12, "test_str");
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!(Some("test_str"), parser.get_optional_str(12)?);
    /// assert_eq!(None, parser.get_optional_str(99)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_optional_str(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<Option<&str>> {
        self.decode_ref(search_tag, decode_str)
    }

    /// Read required str field from frame, returning `Err(MissingRequiredField)` if absent.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_str(12, "test_str");
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// assert_eq!("test_str", parser.get_str(12)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_str(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<&str> {
        self.get_optional_str(search_tag)?
            .ok_or(Error::MissingRequiredField(search_tag))
    }

    /// Read str fields from frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     bld.add_str(12, "hello");
    /// #     bld.add_str(12, "goodbye");
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected : Vec<Result<&str>> = vec![Ok("hello"), Ok("goodbye")];
    /// let actual: Vec<Result<&str>> = parser.get_strs(12).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_strs<'b>(&'b self, search_tag: u16) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<&'a str>> + 'b
    where
        'b: 'a,
    {
        self.get_datas(search_tag).map(decode_str)
    }

    /// Read optional uuid field from frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     let uuid = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("3011712a-d972-4a5d-bbf9-ec5fb7525c97").unwrap();
    /// #     bld.add_uuid(12, &uuid);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("3011712a-d972-4a5d-bbf9-ec5fb7525c97").unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(Some(expected), parser.get_optional_uuid(12)?);
    /// assert_eq!(None, parser.get_optional_uuid(99)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    #[cfg(feature = "uuid")]
    pub fn get_optional_uuid(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<Option<uuid::Uuid>> {
        self.decode_value(search_tag, decode_uuid)
    }

    /// Read required uuid field from frame, returning `Err(MissingRequiredField)` if absent.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     let uuid = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("3011712a-d972-4a5d-bbf9-ec5fb7525c97").unwrap();
    /// #     bld.add_uuid(12, &uuid);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("3011712a-d972-4a5d-bbf9-ec5fb7525c97").unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(expected, parser.get_uuid(12)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    #[cfg(feature = "uuid")]
    pub fn get_uuid(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<uuid::Uuid> {
        self.get_optional_uuid(search_tag)?
            .ok_or(Error::MissingRequiredField(search_tag))
    }

    /// Read uuid fields from frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     let uuid = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("3011712a-d972-4a5d-bbf9-ec5fb7525c97").unwrap();
    /// #     bld.add_uuid(12, &uuid);
    /// #     let uuid = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("40b4e52c-1501-48d3-98eb-e2c66cb76cbf").unwrap();
    /// #     bld.add_uuid(12, &uuid);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let expected = vec! [Ok(uuid::Uuid::parse_str("3011712a-d972-4a5d-bbf9-ec5fb7525c97").unwrap()),
    ///                      Ok(uuid::Uuid::parse_str("40b4e52c-1501-48d3-98eb-e2c66cb76cbf").unwrap())];
    /// let actual: Vec<Result<uuid::Uuid>> = parser.get_uuids(12).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    #[cfg(feature = "uuid")]
    pub fn get_uuids<'b>(&'b self, search_tag: u16) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<uuid::Uuid>> + 'b
    where
        'b: 'a,
    {
        self.get_datas(search_tag).map(decode_uuid)
    }

    /// Read optional child frame from a frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     let mut bld2 = bld.add_frame(12);
    /// #     bld2.add_u8(13, 2);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let child_parser = parser.get_optional_frame(12)?.unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(2, child_parser.get_u8(13)?);
    /// assert!(parser.get_optional_frame(99)?.is_none());
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_optional_frame(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<Option<FrameParser<'_>>> {
        self.get_optional_data(search_tag)
            .map(FrameParser::new)
            .transpose()
    }

    /// Read required child frame from a frame, returning `Err(MissingRequiredField)` if absent.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     let mut bld2 = bld.add_frame(12);
    /// #     bld2.add_u8(13, 2);
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let child_parser = parser.get_frame(12)?;
    /// assert_eq!(2, child_parser.get_u8(13)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_frame(&self, search_tag: u16) -> Result<FrameParser<'_>> {
        self.get_optional_frame(search_tag)?
            .ok_or(Error::MissingRequiredField(search_tag))
    }

    /// Read child frames from a frame.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use yatlv::{FrameParser, FrameBuilder, FrameBuilderLike, Result};
    /// # fn main() -> Result<()> {
    /// # let mut frame_data = Vec::new();
    /// # {
    /// #     let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut frame_data);
    /// #     for _ in 0..2 {
    /// #         let mut child = bld.add_frame(12);
    /// #         child.add_u8(13, 2)
    /// #     }
    /// # }
    /// #
    /// let parser = FrameParser::new(&frame_data)?;
    /// let children: Vec<FrameParser> = parser.get_frames(12).map(|v| v.unwrap()).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(2, children.len());
    /// assert_eq!(2, children[0].get_u8(13)?);
    /// assert_eq!(2, children[1].get_u8(13)?);
    /// # Ok(()) }
    ///  ```
    pub fn get_frames<'b>(
        &'b self,
        search_tag: u16,
    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<FrameParser<'a>>> + 'b
    where
        'b: 'a,
    {
        self.get_datas(search_tag).map(FrameParser::new)
    }

    fn decode_value<T, F>(&self, search_tag: u16, decoder: F) -> Result<Option<T>>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&[u8]) -> Result<T>,
    {
        self.get_optional_data(search_tag).map(decoder).transpose()
    }

    fn decode_ref<T, F>(&self, search_tag: u16, decoder: F) -> Result<Option<&T>>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&[u8]) -> Result<&T>,
        T: ?Sized,
    {
        self.get_optional_data(search_tag).map(decoder).transpose()
    }
}

fn decode_u8(value: &[u8]) -> Result<u8> {
    match value.len() {
        1 => Ok(value[0]),

        _ => Err(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(value.len())),
    }
}

fn decode_u16(value: &[u8]) -> Result<u16> {
    match value.len() {
        1 => Ok(value[0] as u16),

        2 => Ok(u16::from_be_bytes(value.try_into().unwrap())),

        _ => Err(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(value.len())),
    }
}

fn decode_u32(value: &[u8]) -> Result<u32> {
    match value.len() {
        1 => Ok(value[0] as u32),

        2 => Ok(u16::from_be_bytes(value.try_into().unwrap()) as u32),

        4 => Ok(u32::from_be_bytes(value.try_into().unwrap())),

        _ => Err(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(value.len())),
    }
}

fn decode_u64(value: &[u8]) -> Result<u64> {
    match value.len() {
        1 => Ok(value[0] as u64),

        2 => Ok(u16::from_be_bytes(value.try_into().unwrap()) as u64),

        4 => Ok(u32::from_be_bytes(value.try_into().unwrap()) as u64),

        8 => Ok(u64::from_be_bytes(value.try_into().unwrap())),

        _ => Err(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(value.len())),
    }
}

fn decode_bool(value: &[u8]) -> Result<bool> {
    if value.len() != 1 {
        return Err(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(value.len()));
    }
    match value[0] {
        0x00 => Ok(false),
        0xFF => Ok(true),
        _ => Err(Error::IncompatibleFieldValue),
    }
}

fn decode_str(value: &[u8]) -> Result<&str> {
    std::str::from_utf8(value).map_err(|_| Error::IncompatibleFieldValue)
}

#[cfg(feature = "uuid")]
fn decode_uuid(value: &[u8]) -> Result<uuid::Uuid> {
    uuid::Uuid::from_slice(value).map_err(|_| Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(value.len()))
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn can_make_an_empty_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
        }
        assert_eq!(&[1, 0, 0, 0, 0], &data[..]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_make_an_empty_packet_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            PacketFrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
        }
        assert_eq!(&[0, 0, 0, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0], &data[..]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_data_to_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_data(1022, &[9, 255]);
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                1, // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 2, // field length = 2
                9, 255, // field value
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_data_to_packet_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = PacketFrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_data(1022, &[9, 255]);
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                0, 0, 0, 13, // frame size = 13
                1,  // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 2, // field length = 2
                9, 255, // field value
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_child_to_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            let mut child_bld = bld.add_frame(1022);
            child_bld.add_data(60, &[9, 255])
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                1, // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 13, // child frame size
                1,  // child frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // child frame field count
                0, 60, // field-tag in child frame
                0, 0, 0, 2, // field-length in child frame
                9, 255 // field-value in child frame
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_child_to_packet_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = PacketFrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            let mut child_bld = bld.add_frame(1022);
            child_bld.add_data(60, &[9, 255])
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                0, 0, 0, 24, // packet size
                1,  // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 13, // child frame size
                1,  // child frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // child frame field count
                0, 60, // field-tag in child frame
                0, 0, 0, 2, // field-length in child frame
                9, 255 // field-value in child frame
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_bool_to_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_bool(1022, true);
            bld.add_bool(1021, false);
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                1, // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 2, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 1,   // field length = 2
                255, // field value
                3, 253, // tag = 1021
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field length = 2
                0  // field value
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_u8_to_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u8(1022, 89);
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                1, // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
                89  // field value
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_u16_to_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u16(1022, 1009);
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                1, // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 2, // field length = 2
                3, 241 // field value (1009)
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_u32_to_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u32(1022, 156090);
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                1, // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 4, // field length = 2
                0, 2, 97, 186 // field value (156090)
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_u64_to_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u64(1022, 156234234090);
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                1, // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 8, // field length = 2
                0, 0, 0, 36, 96, 73, 56, 234 // field value (156234234090)
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_add_utf8_to_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(100);
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_str(1022, "hello");
        }
        assert_eq!(
            &[
                1, // frame format
                0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
                3, 254, // tag = 1022
                0, 0, 0, 5, // field length = 2
                104, 101, 108, 108, 111 // field value (156234234090)
            ],
            &data[..]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_parse_a_frame_if_there_is_not_enough_data_for_frame_format() {
        let data = &[]; // need four bytes for a field count.
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompleteFrameFormat),
            FrameParser::new(data).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_parse_a_frame_if_frame_format_is_not_recognized() {
        let data = &[8]; // need four bytes for a field count.
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::InvalidFrameFormat(8)),
            FrameParser::new(data).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_parse_a_frame_if_there_is_not_enough_data_for_field_count() {
        let data = &[1, 0, 0, 0]; // need four bytes for a field count.
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompleteFrameFieldCount),
            FrameParser::new(data).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_parse_a_frame_if_there_is_not_enough_data_for_field_tag_and_length() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, // incomplete field length
        ];
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompleteFieldTagOrLength),
            FrameParser::new(data).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_parse_a_frame_if_there_is_not_enough_data_for_a_field_value() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 4, // field length = 4
            1, 2, 3, // incomplete value
        ];
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompleteFieldValue(4, 3)),
            FrameParser::new(data).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_parse_a_frame_if_there_is_excess_data() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 4, // field length = 4
            1, 2, 3, 4, // incomplete value
            5, // excess data
        ];
        assert_eq!(Some(Error::UnexpectedData), FrameParser::new(data).err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_parse_a_frame_with_a_maliciously_large_field_count() {
        // field_count = 0xFFFFFFFF but there are no actual field bytes.
        // Without the allocation cap this would attempt a ~72 GB Vec allocation.
        let data = &[
            1,                // frame-format
            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // field-count = u32::MAX
        ];
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompleteFieldTagOrLength),
            FrameParser::new(data).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_data_from_frame() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 4, // field length = 4
            1, 2, 3, 4, //
        ];
        let frame = FrameParser::new(data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(&[1, 2, 3, 4], frame.get_data(1).unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_data_returns_error_when_field_is_missing() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 4, // field length = 4
            1, 2, 3, 4,
        ];
        let frame = FrameParser::new(data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(Some(Error::MissingRequiredField(3)), frame.get_data(3).err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_datas_from_a_frame() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 3, // field count = 3
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 2, // field length = 2
            10, 11, //
            0, 2, // tag = 2, will be skipped
            0, 0, 0, 2, // field length = 2
            20, 22, //
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 2, // field length = 2
            30, 33, //
        ];
        let frame = FrameParser::new(data).unwrap();
        let expected = vec![&[10, 11], &[30, 33]];
        let actual: Vec<&[u8]> = frame.get_datas(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_optional_data_returns_none_when_field_is_missing() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 1, // field count = 1
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 4, // field length = 4
            1, 2, 3, 4, //
        ];
        let frame = FrameParser::new(data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(None, frame.get_optional_data(3));
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_decode_u8_with_zero_bytes() {
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(0)),
            decode_u8(&[]).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_decode_compatible_values_into_u8() {
        assert_eq!(Ok(8), decode_u8(&[8]));
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_decode_incompatible_values_into_u8() {
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(2)),
            decode_u8(&[0, 8]).err()
        );

        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(4)),
            decode_u8(&[0, 0, 0, 8]).err()
        );

        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(8)),
            decode_u8(&[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8]).err()
        );

        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(2)),
            decode_u8(&[1, 8]).err()
        );

        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(4)),
            decode_u8(&[0, 0, 1, 8]).err()
        );

        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(8)),
            decode_u8(&[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 8]).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_u8_from_a_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u8(100, 250);
        }

        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(250, frame.get_u8(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(Some(250), frame.get_optional_u8(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::MissingRequiredField(99)),
            frame.get_u8(99).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_u8s_from_a_frame() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 3, // field count = 3
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            10, //
            0, 2, // tag = 2, will be skipped
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            20, //
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            30, //
        ];
        let frame = FrameParser::new(data).unwrap();
        let expected: Vec<Result<u8>> = vec![Ok(10), Ok(30)];
        let actual: Vec<Result<u8>> = frame.get_u8s(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_decode_u16_with_zero_bytes() {
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(0)),
            decode_u16(&[]).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_decode_compatible_values_into_u16() {
        assert_eq!(Ok(8), decode_u16(&[8]));
        assert_eq!(Ok(3080), decode_u16(&[12, 8]));
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_decode_incompatible_values_into_u16() {
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(4)),
            decode_u16(&[0, 0, 12, 8]).err()
        );

        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(4)),
            decode_u16(&[0, 1, 255, 255]).err()
        );

        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(8)),
            decode_u16(&[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_u16_from_a_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u8(100, 90);
            bld.add_u16(200, 1025);
        }

        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(90, frame.get_u16(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(1025, frame.get_u16(200).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(Some(90), frame.get_optional_u16(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(None, frame.get_optional_u16(99).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::MissingRequiredField(99)),
            frame.get_u16(99).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_u16s_from_a_frame() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 3, // field count = 3
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            10, //
            0, 2, // tag = 2, will be skipped
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            20, //
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            30, //
        ];
        let frame = FrameParser::new(data).unwrap();
        let expected: Vec<Result<u16>> = vec![Ok(10), Ok(30)];
        let actual: Vec<Result<u16>> = frame.get_u16s(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_decode_u32_with_zero_bytes() {
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(0)),
            decode_u32(&[]).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_decode_compatible_values_into_u32() {
        assert_eq!(Ok(8), decode_u32(&[8]));
        assert_eq!(Ok(3080), decode_u32(&[12, 8]));
        assert_eq!(Ok(1744964616), decode_u32(&[104, 2, 12, 8]));
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_decode_incompatible_values_into_u32() {
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(8)),
            decode_u32(&[0, 0, 0, 0, 104, 2, 12, 8]).err()
        );
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(8)),
            decode_u32(&[0, 0, 0, 1, 255, 255, 255, 255]).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_u32_from_a_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u8(100, 90);
            bld.add_u16(200, 1025);
            bld.add_u32(300, 1744964616);
        }

        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(90, frame.get_u32(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(1025, frame.get_u32(200).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(1744964616, frame.get_u32(300).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(Some(1744964616), frame.get_optional_u32(300).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(None, frame.get_optional_u32(99).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::MissingRequiredField(99)),
            frame.get_u32(99).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_u32s_from_a_frame() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 3, // field count = 3
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            10, //
            0, 2, // tag = 2, will be skipped
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            20, //
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            30, //
        ];
        let frame = FrameParser::new(data).unwrap();
        let expected: Vec<Result<u32>> = vec![Ok(10), Ok(30)];
        let actual: Vec<Result<u32>> = frame.get_u32s(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_decode_u64_with_zero_bytes() {
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(0)),
            decode_u64(&[]).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_decode_compatible_values_into_u64() {
        assert_eq!(Ok(8), decode_u64(&[8]));
        assert_eq!(Ok(3080), decode_u64(&[12, 8]));
        assert_eq!(Ok(1744964616), decode_u64(&[104, 2, 12, 8]));
        assert_eq!(
            Ok(150626523450313736),
            decode_u64(&[2, 23, 34, 6, 104, 2, 12, 8])
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_u64_from_a_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u8(100, 90);
            bld.add_u16(200, 1025);
            bld.add_u32(300, 1744964616);
            bld.add_u64(400, 150626523450313736);
        }

        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(90, frame.get_u64(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(1025, frame.get_u64(200).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(1744964616, frame.get_u64(300).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(150626523450313736, frame.get_u64(400).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(Some(150626523450313736), frame.get_optional_u64(400).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(None, frame.get_optional_u64(99).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::MissingRequiredField(99)),
            frame.get_u64(99).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_u64s_from_a_frame() {
        let data = &[
            1, // frame format
            0, 0, 0, 3, // field count = 3
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            10, //
            0, 2, // tag = 2, will be skipped
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            20, //
            0, 1, // tag = 1
            0, 0, 0, 1,  // field length = 2
            30, //
        ];
        let frame = FrameParser::new(data).unwrap();
        let expected: Vec<Result<u64>> = vec![Ok(10), Ok(30)];
        let actual: Vec<Result<u64>> = frame.get_u64s(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_decode_bool_with_zero_bytes() {
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldLength(0)),
            decode_bool(&[]).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_decode_compatible_values_into_bool() {
        assert_eq!(Ok(false), decode_bool(&[0x00]));
        assert_eq!(Ok(true), decode_bool(&[0xFF]));
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_not_decode_incompatible_values_into_bool() {
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::IncompatibleFieldValue),
            decode_bool(&[0x01]).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_bool_from_a_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_bool(100, true);
            bld.add_bool(200, false);
        }

        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(true, frame.get_bool(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(false, frame.get_bool(200).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(Some(true), frame.get_optional_bool(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(None, frame.get_optional_bool(99).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::MissingRequiredField(99)),
            frame.get_bool(99).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_bools_from_a_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_bool(1, false);
            bld.add_bool(2, false); // will be ignored
            bld.add_bool(1, true);
        }
        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        let expected: Vec<Result<bool>> = vec![Ok(false), Ok(true)];
        let actual: Vec<Result<bool>> = frame.get_bools(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_str_from_a_frame() {
        let test_str = "short test string";
        let mut data = Vec::new();

        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_str(100, test_str);
        }

        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(test_str, frame.get_str(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(Some(test_str), frame.get_optional_str(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(None, frame.get_optional_str(99).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::MissingRequiredField(99)),
            frame.get_str(99).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_strs_from_a_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_str(1, "hello");
            bld.add_str(2, "welcome"); // will be ignored
            bld.add_str(1, "goodbye");
        }
        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        let expected: Vec<Result<&str>> = vec![Ok("hello"), Ok("goodbye")];
        let actual: Vec<Result<&str>> = frame.get_strs(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(feature = "uuid")]
    fn can_read_uuid_from_a_frame() {
        let test_uuid = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("40b4e52c-1501-48d3-98eb-e2c66cb76cbf").unwrap();
        let mut data = Vec::new();

        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_uuid(100, &test_uuid);
        }

        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(test_uuid, frame.get_uuid(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(Some(test_uuid), frame.get_optional_uuid(100).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(None, frame.get_optional_uuid(99).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::MissingRequiredField(99)),
            frame.get_uuid(99).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(feature = "uuid")]
    fn can_read_uuids_from_a_frame() {
        let test_uuid1 = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("40b4e52c-1501-48d3-98eb-e2c66cb76cbf").unwrap();
        let test_uuid2 = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("e6bb35e5-547b-4930-b72c-5d50aa60ff49").unwrap();
        let test_uuid3 = uuid::Uuid::parse_str("451f82e5-c17a-4843-a9c7-5ff3f7ae20fd").unwrap();

        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_uuid(1, &test_uuid1);
            bld.add_uuid(2, &test_uuid2); // will be ignored
            bld.add_uuid(1, &test_uuid3);
        }
        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        let expected: Vec<Result<uuid::Uuid>> = vec![Ok(test_uuid1), Ok(test_uuid3)];
        let actual: Vec<Result<uuid::Uuid>> = frame.get_uuids(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_child_frame() {
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u8(100, 1);
            let mut bld2 = bld.add_frame(200);
            bld2.add_u8(300, 3);
        }

        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        let child_frame = frame.get_frame(200).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(3, child_frame.get_u8(300).unwrap());
        assert!(frame.get_optional_frame(999).unwrap().is_none());
        assert_eq!(
            Some(Error::MissingRequiredField(999)),
            frame.get_frame(999).err()
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn can_read_child_frames() {
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        {
            let mut bld = FrameBuilder::new(&mut data);
            bld.add_u8(100, 1);
            for i in 0..2 {
                let mut bld2 = bld.add_frame(200);
                bld2.add_u8(300, i);
            }
        }

        let frame = FrameParser::new(&data).unwrap();
        let child_frame: Vec<FrameParser> = frame.get_frames(200).map(|v| v.unwrap()).collect();

        assert_eq!(0, child_frame[0].get_u8(300).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(1, child_frame[1].get_u8(300).unwrap());
    }
}