xrpc-rs 0.3.1

async RPC library optimized for shared memory communication
Documentation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
pub mod metadata;
pub mod types;

use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

use self::metadata::MessageMetadata;
use self::types::{
    CompressionType, MAGIC, MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE, MIN_HEADER_SIZE, MessageFlags, MessageId,
    MessageType, VERSION,
};
use crate::codec::{BincodeCodec, Codec};
use crate::error::{Result, TransportError, TransportResult};

const FRAME_PREFIX_SIZE: usize = 4 + 1 + 1 + 4;
const LEGACY_OMITTED_LENGTH_SIZE: usize = 2 + 4 + 4;

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Message<C: Codec = BincodeCodec> {
    pub id: MessageId,
    pub msg_type: MessageType,
    pub method: String,
    pub payload: Bytes,
    pub metadata: MessageMetadata,
    pub codec: C,
}

impl<C: Codec + Default> Message<C> {
    pub fn new(
        id: MessageId,
        msg_type: MessageType,
        method: impl Into<String>,
        payload: Bytes,
        metadata: MessageMetadata,
    ) -> Self {
        Self::new_with_codec(id, msg_type, method, payload, metadata, C::default())
    }

    pub fn call<T: Serialize>(method: impl Into<String>, request: T) -> Result<Self> {
        Self::call_with_codec(method, request, C::default())
    }

    pub fn reply<T: Serialize>(id: MessageId, response: T) -> Result<Self> {
        let codec = C::default();
        let payload = codec.encode(&response)?;
        Ok(Self {
            id,
            msg_type: MessageType::Reply,
            method: String::new(),
            payload: Bytes::from(payload),
            metadata: MessageMetadata::new(),
            codec,
        })
    }

    pub fn notification<T: Serialize>(method: impl Into<String>, data: T) -> Result<Self> {
        Self::notification_with_codec(method, data, C::default())
    }

    pub fn error(id: MessageId, error_msg: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        Self::error_with_codec(id, error_msg, C::default())
    }

    /// Create an error message with stream_id for stream call failures
    pub fn stream_error(id: MessageId, stream_id: u64, error_msg: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        Self::stream_error_with_codec(id, stream_id, error_msg, C::default())
    }

    /// Create a stream chunk message
    pub fn stream_chunk<T: Serialize>(stream_id: u64, sequence: u64, data: T) -> Result<Self> {
        let codec = C::default();
        let payload = codec.encode(&data)?;
        Ok(Self {
            id: MessageId::new(),
            msg_type: MessageType::StreamChunk,
            method: String::new(),
            payload: Bytes::from(payload),
            metadata: MessageMetadata::new().with_stream(stream_id, sequence),
            codec,
        })
    }

    /// Create a stream end message
    pub fn stream_end(stream_id: u64) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: MessageId::new(),
            msg_type: MessageType::StreamEnd,
            method: String::new(),
            payload: Bytes::new(),
            metadata: MessageMetadata::new().with_stream(stream_id, 0),
            codec: C::default(),
        }
    }

    /// Decode message from wire bytes
    pub fn decode(mut buf: impl Buf) -> TransportResult<Self> {
        if buf.remaining() < MIN_HEADER_SIZE {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol(
                "Buffer too small for message header".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        // Verify magic bytes
        let mut magic = [0u8; 4];
        buf.copy_to_slice(&mut magic);
        if magic != MAGIC {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol(format!(
                "Invalid magic bytes: {:?}",
                magic
            )));
        }

        // Verify version
        let version = buf.get_u8();
        if version != VERSION {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol(format!(
                "Unsupported protocol version: {}",
                version
            )));
        }

        // Parse flags
        let _flags = MessageFlags::from_u8(buf.get_u8());

        // Message length
        let msg_len = buf.get_u32_le() as usize;

        let actual_body_len = buf.remaining();
        let legacy_msg_len = actual_body_len.checked_sub(LEGACY_OMITTED_LENGTH_SIZE);
        if msg_len != actual_body_len && legacy_msg_len != Some(msg_len) {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol(format!(
                "Message length mismatch: declared {}, actual {}",
                msg_len, actual_body_len
            )));
        }
        let total_size = FRAME_PREFIX_SIZE.checked_add(actual_body_len).ok_or(
            TransportError::MessageTooLarge {
                size: usize::MAX,
                max: MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE,
            },
        )?;
        if total_size > MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE {
            return Err(TransportError::MessageTooLarge {
                size: total_size,
                max: MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE,
            });
        }

        // Message ID
        let id = MessageId(buf.get_u64_le());

        // Message type
        let msg_type = MessageType::from_u8(buf.get_u8())
            .map_err(|e| TransportError::Protocol(e.to_string()))?;

        // Method name
        let method_len = buf.get_u16_le() as usize;
        if buf.remaining() < method_len {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol(
                "Incomplete method name".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        let mut method_bytes = vec![0u8; method_len];
        buf.copy_to_slice(&mut method_bytes);
        let method = String::from_utf8(method_bytes)
            .map_err(|e| TransportError::Protocol(format!("Invalid method name: {}", e)))?;

        // Payload (compressed)
        if buf.remaining() < std::mem::size_of::<u32>() {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol(
                "Missing payload length".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        let payload_len = buf.get_u32_le() as usize;
        if buf.remaining() < payload_len {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol("Incomplete payload".to_string()));
        }
        let mut payload_bytes = vec![0u8; payload_len];
        buf.copy_to_slice(&mut payload_bytes);

        // Metadata
        if buf.remaining() < std::mem::size_of::<u32>() {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol(
                "Missing metadata length".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        let metadata_len = buf.get_u32_le() as usize;
        if buf.remaining() != metadata_len {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol(format!(
                "Metadata length mismatch: declared {}, remaining {}",
                metadata_len,
                buf.remaining()
            )));
        }
        let mut metadata_bytes = vec![0u8; metadata_len];
        buf.copy_to_slice(&mut metadata_bytes);

        // Metadata is always encoded with bincode in current protocol version
        let metadata: MessageMetadata = bincode::deserialize(&metadata_bytes)
            .map_err(|e| TransportError::Protocol(format!("Invalid metadata: {}", e)))?;

        // Decompress payload if needed
        let payload = Self::decompress_payload(&payload_bytes, &metadata)?;

        Ok(Self {
            id,
            msg_type,
            method,
            payload,
            metadata,
            codec: C::default(),
        })
    }
}

impl<C: Codec> Message<C> {
    pub(crate) fn error_with_codec(id: MessageId, error_msg: impl Into<String>, codec: C) -> Self {
        let error_msg = error_msg.into();
        let payload = codec.encode(&error_msg).unwrap_or_default();
        Self {
            id,
            msg_type: MessageType::Error,
            method: String::new(),
            payload: Bytes::from(payload),
            metadata: MessageMetadata::new(),
            codec,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn stream_error_with_codec(
        id: MessageId,
        stream_id: u64,
        error_msg: impl Into<String>,
        codec: C,
    ) -> Self {
        let error_msg = error_msg.into();
        let payload = codec.encode(&error_msg).unwrap_or_default();
        Self {
            id,
            msg_type: MessageType::Error,
            method: String::new(),
            payload: Bytes::from(payload),
            metadata: MessageMetadata::new().with_stream(stream_id, 0),
            codec,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn new_with_codec(
        id: MessageId,
        msg_type: MessageType,
        method: impl Into<String>,
        payload: Bytes,
        metadata: MessageMetadata,
        codec: C,
    ) -> Self {
        Self {
            id,
            msg_type,
            method: method.into(),
            payload,
            metadata,
            codec,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn call_with_codec<T: Serialize>(
        method: impl Into<String>,
        request: T,
        codec: C,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let payload = codec.encode(&request)?;
        Ok(Self::new_with_codec(
            MessageId::new(),
            MessageType::Call,
            method,
            Bytes::from(payload),
            MessageMetadata::new(),
            codec,
        ))
    }

    pub(crate) fn notification_with_codec<T: Serialize>(
        method: impl Into<String>,
        data: T,
        codec: C,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let payload = codec.encode(&data)?;
        Ok(Self::new_with_codec(
            MessageId::new(),
            MessageType::Notification,
            method,
            Bytes::from(payload),
            MessageMetadata::new(),
            codec,
        ))
    }

    /// Encode message to bytes
    pub fn encode(&self) -> TransportResult<BytesMut> {
        let method_bytes = self.method.as_bytes();
        let method_len = method_bytes.len();

        if method_len > u16::MAX as usize {
            return Err(TransportError::Protocol("Method name too long".to_string()));
        }

        // Compress payload if needed
        let payload_to_write = self.compress_payload()?;

        // Metadata is always encoded with bincode in current protocol version
        let metadata_bytes = bincode::serialize(&self.metadata)
            .map_err(|e| TransportError::Protocol(e.to_string()))?;

        // Calculate total size
        let total_size = MIN_HEADER_SIZE
            .checked_add(method_len)
            .and_then(|size| size.checked_add(payload_to_write.len()))
            .and_then(|size| size.checked_add(metadata_bytes.len()))
            .ok_or(TransportError::MessageTooLarge {
                size: usize::MAX,
                max: MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE,
            })?;

        if total_size > MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE {
            return Err(TransportError::MessageTooLarge {
                size: total_size,
                max: MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE,
            });
        }

        let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(total_size);

        // Magic bytes
        buf.put_slice(&MAGIC);

        // Version
        buf.put_u8(VERSION);

        // Flags - set streaming for stream messages
        let flags = MessageFlags {
            compressed: self.metadata.compression != CompressionType::None,
            streaming: matches!(
                self.msg_type,
                MessageType::StreamChunk | MessageType::StreamEnd
            ),
            batch: false,
        };
        buf.put_u8(flags.to_u8());

        // Total message length (excluding magic, version, flags, and length field)
        let msg_len = total_size - FRAME_PREFIX_SIZE;
        buf.put_u32_le(msg_len as u32);

        // Message ID
        buf.put_u64_le(self.id.0);

        // Message type
        buf.put_u8(self.msg_type.to_u8());

        // Method name length and data
        buf.put_u16_le(method_len as u16);
        buf.put_slice(method_bytes);

        // Payload length and data
        buf.put_u32_le(payload_to_write.len() as u32);
        buf.put_slice(&payload_to_write);

        // Metadata length and data
        buf.put_u32_le(metadata_bytes.len() as u32);
        buf.put_slice(&metadata_bytes);

        Ok(buf)
    }

    /// Compress payload based on compression type
    fn compress_payload(&self) -> TransportResult<Vec<u8>> {
        match self.metadata.compression {
            CompressionType::None => Ok(self.payload.to_vec()),
            CompressionType::Lz4 => lz4::block::compress(&self.payload, None, true)
                .map_err(|e| TransportError::Protocol(format!("LZ4 compression failed: {}", e))),
            CompressionType::Zstd => zstd::bulk::compress(&self.payload, 3)
                .map_err(|e| TransportError::Protocol(format!("Zstd compression failed: {}", e))),
        }
    }

    /// Decompress payload based on compression type in metadata
    fn decompress_payload(compressed: &[u8], metadata: &MessageMetadata) -> TransportResult<Bytes> {
        let decompressed = match metadata.compression {
            CompressionType::None => compressed.to_vec(),
            CompressionType::Lz4 => lz4::block::decompress(compressed, None).map_err(|e| {
                TransportError::Protocol(format!("LZ4 decompression failed: {}", e))
            })?,
            CompressionType::Zstd => {
                zstd::bulk::decompress(compressed, MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE).map_err(|e| {
                    TransportError::Protocol(format!("Zstd decompression failed: {}", e))
                })?
            }
        };

        Ok(Bytes::from(decompressed))
    }

    pub fn deserialize_payload<T: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>>(&self) -> Result<T> {
        self.codec.decode(&self.payload)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::codec::JsonCodec;

    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
    struct Request {
        value1: String,
        value2: i32,
    }

    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
    struct Response {
        result: bool,
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_message_call_reply() {
        let req = Request {
            value1: "test".to_string(),
            value2: 42,
        };

        // Create call message
        let call_msg = Message::<BincodeCodec>::call("test_method", req.clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(call_msg.msg_type, MessageType::Call);
        assert_eq!(call_msg.method, "test_method");

        // Encode and decode
        let mut buf = call_msg.encode().unwrap();
        let decoded_msg: Message = Message::decode(&mut buf).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(decoded_msg.id, call_msg.id);
        assert_eq!(decoded_msg.method, call_msg.method);

        // Deserialize payload
        let decoded_req: Request = decoded_msg.deserialize_payload().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(decoded_req, req);

        // Create reply
        let resp = Response { result: true };
        let reply_msg = Message::<BincodeCodec>::reply(call_msg.id, resp.clone()).unwrap();

        let mut buf = reply_msg.encode().unwrap();
        let decoded_reply: Message = Message::decode(&mut buf).unwrap();

        let decoded_resp: Response = decoded_reply.deserialize_payload().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(decoded_resp, resp);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_encoded_message_length_covers_complete_body() {
        let message = Message::<BincodeCodec>::notification("event", 42u32).unwrap();
        let encoded = message.encode().unwrap();
        let declared = u32::from_le_bytes(encoded[6..10].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;

        assert_eq!(declared, encoded.len() - FRAME_PREFIX_SIZE);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_decode_accepts_legacy_understated_message_length() {
        let message = Message::<BincodeCodec>::notification("event", 42u32).unwrap();
        let mut encoded = message.encode().unwrap();
        let declared = u32::from_le_bytes(encoded[6..10].try_into().unwrap());
        encoded[6..10]
            .copy_from_slice(&(declared - LEGACY_OMITTED_LENGTH_SIZE as u32).to_le_bytes());

        let decoded: Message = Message::decode(encoded.freeze()).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(decoded.method, "event");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_decode_rejects_truncated_and_oversized_fields_without_panicking() {
        let mut truncated = BytesMut::with_capacity(19);
        truncated.put_slice(&MAGIC);
        truncated.put_u8(VERSION);
        truncated.put_u8(0);
        truncated.put_u32_le(9);
        truncated.put_u64_le(1);
        truncated.put_u8(MessageType::Call.to_u8());
        assert!(matches!(
            Message::<BincodeCodec>::decode(truncated.freeze()),
            Err(TransportError::Protocol(_))
        ));

        let message = Message::<BincodeCodec>::notification("event", 42u32).unwrap();
        let mut oversized_method = message.encode().unwrap();
        oversized_method[19..21].copy_from_slice(&u16::MAX.to_le_bytes());
        assert!(matches!(
            Message::<BincodeCodec>::decode(oversized_method.freeze()),
            Err(TransportError::Protocol(_))
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_json_codec() {
        let req = Request {
            value1: "json".to_string(),
            value2: 123,
        };

        // Use JsonCodec explicitly
        let call_msg = Message::<JsonCodec>::call("json_method", req.clone()).unwrap();

        // Verify payload is JSON
        let payload_str = std::str::from_utf8(&call_msg.payload).unwrap();
        assert!(payload_str.contains("\"value1\":\"json\""));

        let mut buf = call_msg.encode().unwrap();
        let decoded_msg: Message<JsonCodec> = Message::decode(&mut buf).unwrap();

        let decoded_req: Request = decoded_msg.deserialize_payload().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(decoded_req, req);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_metadata() {
        let req = Request {
            value1: "s".to_string(),
            value2: 1,
        };
        let mut msg = Message::<BincodeCodec>::call("m", req).unwrap();

        msg.metadata = msg
            .metadata
            .with_timeout(1000)
            .with_compression(CompressionType::Lz4);

        let mut buf = msg.encode().unwrap();
        let decoded: Message = Message::decode(&mut buf).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(decoded.metadata.timeout_ms, Some(1000));
        assert_eq!(decoded.metadata.compression, CompressionType::Lz4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_streaming_flag() {
        // StreamChunk should have streaming flag set
        let chunk = Message::<BincodeCodec>::stream_chunk(1, 0, 42i32).unwrap();
        let buf = chunk.encode().unwrap();
        let flags = MessageFlags::from_u8(buf[5]); // byte 5 is flags
        assert!(flags.streaming, "StreamChunk should have streaming flag");

        // StreamEnd should have streaming flag set
        let end = Message::<BincodeCodec>::stream_end(1);
        let buf = end.encode().unwrap();
        let flags = MessageFlags::from_u8(buf[5]);
        assert!(flags.streaming, "StreamEnd should have streaming flag");

        // Call should not have streaming flag
        let call = Message::<BincodeCodec>::call("test", ()).unwrap();
        let buf = call.encode().unwrap();
        let flags = MessageFlags::from_u8(buf[5]);
        assert!(!flags.streaming, "Call should not have streaming flag");
    }
}