wip-host 0.1.0

//! Host-side publication and operation dispatch for Web Interface Protocol objects.
//!
//! # Responsibility boundaries
//!
//! [`InterfaceRegistry::register`] validates and freezes a generated interface
//! descriptor, assigns an opaque [`InterfaceRef`], and leaves that reference
//! outside the descriptor. [`PublishedObject::expose`] explicitly combines a
//! request-scoped Rust object with a registered interface; its
//! [`InterfaceImplementation`] bound proves at compile time that the object
//! implements the interface. Implementing a Rust trait alone never publishes it,
//! and a publication with no interfaces is valid.
//!
//! [`ObjectProvider::call_operation`] resolves `target.path` exactly once and
//! keeps the resulting object, interface membership, descriptor, implementation,
//! and backend target fixed within the provider's [`ObjectProvider::with_object`]
//! callback. Dispatch is qualified by `(interface reference, operation name)`.
//! The same frozen operation declaration validates both arguments and results.
//!
//! A provider is responsible for entering a backend transaction, lock,
//! stable-handle scope, or conditional-update primitive before invoking the
//! operation callback and retaining it through commit or rollback. The typed
//! [`OperationAttempt`] boundary distinguishes pre-dispatch rejection from started
//! execution. Only an implementation-supplied non-commit guarantee or a
//! provider-confirmed rollback allows a post-invocation failure to become
//! `Internal` or `ResourceLimitExceeded`; every other outcome is
//! `OperationOutcomeUnknown`. Mutable operations must make object-validator
//! comparison and backend commit atomic, and the validator returned after dispatch
//! must describe the state that becomes committed.

#![deny(missing_docs)]

use std::any::TypeId;
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet};
use std::error::Error;
use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
use std::marker::PhantomData;
use std::panic::{AssertUnwindSafe, catch_unwind};
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
use std::time::Instant;

use wip_interface::DispatchError;
pub use wip_interface::{
    EffectGuarantee, HostError, HostErrorKind, InterfaceDefinition, InterfaceImplementation,
};
pub use wip_protocol;
pub use wip_protocol::{
    CallOperationRequest as CallRequest, CallOperationResponse as CallResult, InterfaceTarget,
    Target,
};
use wip_protocol::{
    FetchInterfaceRequest, FetchInterfaceResponse, InterfaceDescriptor, Object, ProtocolError,
    ProtocolErrorCode, ValidationError, Value,
};

/// Opaque bytes used as a conditional execution precondition.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Validator(Vec<u8>);

impl Validator {
    /// Creates a validator without assigning meaning to its bytes.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(bytes: impl Into<Vec<u8>>) -> Self {
        Self(bytes.into())
    }

    /// Returns the opaque bytes for transport encoding or comparison.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.0
    }
}

/// Runtime-neutral cooperative cancellation signal.
///
/// Clones observe the same atomic state, so transports, providers, and worker
/// runtimes can share the token without depending on a particular async runtime.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
pub struct CancellationToken(Arc<AtomicBool>);

impl CancellationToken {
    /// Creates a cancellation token in the active state.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    /// Requests cooperative cancellation.
    pub fn cancel(&self) {
        self.0.store(true, Ordering::Release);
    }

    /// Returns whether cancellation has been requested.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_cancelled(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.load(Ordering::Acquire)
    }
}

/// Execution controls propagated through object resolution and operation dispatch.
///
/// Cancellation and deadlines are checked immediately before typed implementation
/// invocation. Providers also receive the complete context and remain responsible
/// for enforcing controls while backend work is in progress. `resource_budget` is
/// an opaque Host-defined work-unit ceiling; this crate deliberately does not
/// prescribe an async runtime or accounting mechanism.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ExecutionContext {
    cancellation: CancellationToken,
    deadline: Option<Instant>,
    resource_budget: Option<u64>,
}

impl Default for ExecutionContext {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            cancellation: CancellationToken::new(),
            deadline: None,
            resource_budget: None,
        }
    }
}

impl ExecutionContext {
    /// Creates an execution context without a deadline or resource budget.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    /// Uses `cancellation` as this call's cooperative cancellation signal.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_cancellation(mut self, cancellation: CancellationToken) -> Self {
        self.cancellation = cancellation;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the monotonic deadline for this call.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_deadline(mut self, deadline: Instant) -> Self {
        self.deadline = Some(deadline);
        self
    }

    /// Sets an opaque Host-defined work-unit ceiling for this call.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_resource_budget(mut self, resource_budget: u64) -> Self {
        self.resource_budget = Some(resource_budget);
        self
    }

    /// Returns the shared cooperative cancellation token.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn cancellation(&self) -> &CancellationToken {
        &self.cancellation
    }

    /// Returns the monotonic deadline, if one was supplied.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn deadline(&self) -> Option<Instant> {
        self.deadline
    }

    /// Returns the opaque Host-defined work-unit ceiling, if one was supplied.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn resource_budget(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        self.resource_budget
    }

    fn preflight(&self) -> Result<(), CallError> {
        if self.cancellation.is_cancelled() {
            return Err(CallError::new(
                CallErrorKind::ResourceLimitExceeded,
                "operation was cancelled before execution",
            ));
        }
        if self
            .deadline
            .is_some_and(|deadline| Instant::now() >= deadline)
        {
            return Err(CallError::new(
                CallErrorKind::ResourceLimitExceeded,
                "operation deadline elapsed before execution",
            ));
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

/// Opaque host-assigned reference to one registered interface artifact.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub struct InterfaceRef(String);

impl InterfaceRef {
    /// Returns the opaque reference for a protocol transport.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
        &self.0
    }
}

/// One atomic observation of an interface reference, descriptor, and validator.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct InterfaceObservation {
    /// Opaque reference selected by published objects and operation calls.
    pub reference: InterfaceRef,
    /// Canonical descriptor frozen when the interface was registered.
    pub descriptor: InterfaceDescriptor,
    /// Optional validator. Its presence makes it a required call precondition.
    pub validator: Option<Validator>,
}

impl InterfaceObservation {
    /// Converts this host observation to a validated canonical protocol response.
    ///
    /// A Host-side response construction failure is returned as `Internal`; it is
    /// never emitted as a successful response for a Client to reinterpret as a
    /// local validation error.
    pub fn protocol_response(&self) -> Result<FetchInterfaceResponse, ProtocolError> {
        let response = FetchInterfaceResponse {
            interface: self.reference.0.clone(),
            descriptor: self.descriptor.clone(),
            validator: self.validator.as_ref().map(|validator| validator.0.clone()),
        };
        response
            .validate_for(&FetchInterfaceRequest {
                interface: self.reference.0.clone(),
            })
            .map_err(|_| ProtocolError {
                code: ProtocolErrorCode::Internal,
                message: "Host produced an invalid interface response".into(),
            })?;
        Ok(response)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct InterfaceArtifact {
    reference: InterfaceRef,
    descriptor: InterfaceDescriptor,
    validator: Option<Validator>,
}

/// A typed registration token for a generated interface definition.
///
/// Tokens can be reused by any number of request-scoped objects. They expose an
/// opaque reference, not the Rust type name or an address.
pub struct RegisteredInterface<D> {
    artifact: Arc<InterfaceArtifact>,
    definition: PhantomData<fn() -> D>,
}

impl<D> Clone for RegisteredInterface<D> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Self {
            artifact: Arc::clone(&self.artifact),
            definition: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

impl<D> RegisteredInterface<D> {
    /// Returns the opaque protocol reference assigned by the registry.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn reference(&self) -> &InterfaceRef {
        &self.artifact.reference
    }
}

/// Registry of validated, immutable interface artifacts.
///
/// Generated descriptors are never rewritten to contain their assigned
/// references. A validator-free artifact is immutable for the lifetime of its
/// reference. A validator-bearing artifact requires that exact validator on a
/// call. Re-registering a definition is rejected rather than silently changing
/// the observation associated with an existing reference.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct InterfaceRegistry {
    namespace: u64,
    next_reference: u64,
    definitions: HashSet<TypeId>,
    artifacts: HashMap<InterfaceRef, Arc<InterfaceArtifact>>,
}

static NEXT_REGISTRY_NAMESPACE: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(1);

impl Default for InterfaceRegistry {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            namespace: NEXT_REGISTRY_NAMESPACE.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed),
            next_reference: 0,
            definitions: HashSet::new(),
            artifacts: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }
}

impl InterfaceRegistry {
    /// Creates an empty interface registry.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::default()
    }

    /// Registers and freezes one generated interface definition.
    pub fn register<D>(
        &mut self,
        _definition: D,
        validator: Option<Validator>,
    ) -> Result<RegisteredInterface<D>, RegistrationError>
    where
        D: InterfaceDefinition + 'static,
    {
        let definition = TypeId::of::<D>();
        if self.definitions.contains(&definition) {
            return Err(RegistrationError::AlreadyRegistered);
        }

        let descriptor = D::descriptor();
        descriptor
            .validate()
            .map_err(RegistrationError::InvalidDescriptor)?;

        let reference = InterfaceRef(format!(
            "wip-interface:{}:{}",
            self.namespace, self.next_reference
        ));
        self.next_reference = self
            .next_reference
            .checked_add(1)
            .ok_or(RegistrationError::ReferenceSpaceExhausted)?;
        let artifact = Arc::new(InterfaceArtifact {
            reference: reference.clone(),
            descriptor,
            validator,
        });
        self.definitions.insert(definition);
        self.artifacts.insert(reference, Arc::clone(&artifact));

        Ok(RegisteredInterface {
            artifact,
            definition: PhantomData,
        })
    }

    /// Resolves a transport-provided opaque reference string in this registry.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn resolve(&self, reference: &str) -> Option<InterfaceRef> {
        let reference = InterfaceRef(reference.to_owned());
        self.artifacts.contains_key(&reference).then_some(reference)
    }

    /// Observes a registered interface by its host-side reference.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn observe_object(&self, reference: &InterfaceRef) -> Option<InterfaceObservation> {
        self.artifacts.get(reference).map(Self::observation)
    }

    /// Implements canonical `fetch_interface` semantics for an opaque reference.
    ///
    /// Unknown and currently unpublished references map to `InterfaceNotFound`,
    /// not object membership errors or authorization failures.
    pub fn fetch_interface(&self, reference: &str) -> Result<InterfaceObservation, ProtocolError> {
        let reference = InterfaceRef(reference.to_owned());
        self.artifacts
            .get(&reference)
            .map(Self::observation)
            .ok_or_else(|| ProtocolError {
                code: ProtocolErrorCode::InterfaceNotFound,
                message: "interface reference is not currently published".into(),
            })
    }

    fn observation(artifact: &Arc<InterfaceArtifact>) -> InterfaceObservation {
        InterfaceObservation {
            reference: artifact.reference.clone(),
            descriptor: artifact.descriptor.clone(),
            validator: artifact.validator.clone(),
        }
    }
}

/// Failure while registering a generated interface definition.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum RegistrationError {
    /// The same generated definition was already assigned a reference.
    AlreadyRegistered,
    /// The generated descriptor is structurally invalid.
    InvalidDescriptor(ValidationError),
    /// The registry cannot assign another opaque reference.
    ReferenceSpaceExhausted,
}

impl Display for RegistrationError {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::AlreadyRegistered => {
                formatter.write_str("interface definition already registered")
            }
            Self::InvalidDescriptor(error) => {
                write!(formatter, "invalid interface descriptor: {error}")
            }
            Self::ReferenceSpaceExhausted => {
                formatter.write_str("interface reference space exhausted")
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Error for RegistrationError {
    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
        match self {
            Self::InvalidDescriptor(error) => Some(error),
            Self::AlreadyRegistered | Self::ReferenceSpaceExhausted => None,
        }
    }
}

/// Public metadata and conditional-execution policy for a host-private object.
///
/// Only values returned by this trait are projected into protocol metadata.
/// Paths, children, backend handles, credentials, and resolution state are not
/// part of this API and therefore cannot be serialized into [`Object`].
pub trait WipObject {
    /// Returns the public path-segment name of this object.
    fn name(&self) -> &str;

    /// Returns a short public description, if one is available.
    fn description(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        None
    }

    /// Returns optional opaque identity within the client-facing Worldspace.
    fn reference(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        None
    }

    /// Returns the current opaque object validator, if any.
    fn validator(&self) -> Option<&Validator> {
        None
    }

    /// Whether this specific qualified operation requires an object validator.
    ///
    /// This hook is evaluated only after membership, interface validators, and
    /// operation existence have been checked, preserving canonical precedence.
    fn requires_validator(&self, _interface: &InterfaceRef, _operation: &str) -> bool {
        false
    }
}

type DispatchFn<T> = fn(&T, &str, BTreeMap<String, Value>) -> Result<Value, DispatchError>;

struct BoundInterface<T> {
    artifact: Arc<InterfaceArtifact>,
    dispatch: DispatchFn<T>,
}

/// A host-private object instance combined with an explicit ordered interface set.
///
/// The instance is owned by this value and can therefore be request-scoped. No
/// global object registry is required. Worldspace paths remain provider context
/// and are deliberately absent from the publication.
pub struct PublishedObject<T: WipObject> {
    implementation: T,
    interfaces: Vec<BoundInterface<T>>,
}

impl<T: WipObject> PublishedObject<T> {
    /// Starts a publication with no exposed interfaces.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new(implementation: T) -> Self {
        Self {
            implementation,
            interfaces: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Explicitly exposes a registered generated interface in insertion order.
    ///
    /// The `InterfaceImplementation<T>` bound is generated only when `T`
    /// implements the corresponding Rust interface trait. Duplicate opaque
    /// references are rejected.
    pub fn expose<D>(mut self, interface: &RegisteredInterface<D>) -> Result<Self, PublicationError>
    where
        D: InterfaceImplementation<T>,
    {
        if self
            .interfaces
            .iter()
            .any(|bound| bound.artifact.reference == interface.artifact.reference)
        {
            return Err(PublicationError::DuplicateInterface(
                interface.artifact.reference.clone(),
            ));
        }

        self.interfaces.push(BoundInterface {
            artifact: Arc::clone(&interface.artifact),
            dispatch: D::dispatch,
        });
        Ok(self)
    }

    /// Returns the host-private implementation without projecting its fields.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn implementation(&self) -> &T {
        &self.implementation
    }

    /// Builds canonical protocol object metadata in interface insertion order.
    ///
    /// The observation contains no path, children, descriptor, backend handle,
    /// credential, or provider resolution state.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn protocol_object(&self) -> Object {
        Object {
            name: self.implementation.name().to_owned(),
            description: self.implementation.description().map(str::to_owned),
            interfaces: self
                .interfaces
                .iter()
                .map(|bound| bound.artifact.reference.0.clone())
                .collect(),
            r#ref: self.implementation.reference().map(str::to_owned),
            validator: self
                .implementation
                .validator()
                .map(|validator| validator.0.clone()),
        }
    }

    fn dispatch_resolved(
        &self,
        context: &ExecutionContext,
        request: CallRequest,
        authorize: impl FnOnce(&T, &InterfaceRef, &str) -> bool,
    ) -> OperationAttempt {
        let CallRequest {
            target,
            interface,
            operation,
            arguments,
        } = request;
        self.dispatch_resolved_with_decoder(
            context,
            target,
            interface,
            operation,
            |_| Ok::<_, std::convert::Infallible>(arguments),
            authorize,
        )
    }

    fn dispatch_resolved_with_decoder<E>(
        &self,
        context: &ExecutionContext,
        target: Target,
        interface: InterfaceTarget,
        operation: String,
        decode_arguments: impl FnOnce(&InterfaceDescriptor) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Value>, E>,
        authorize: impl FnOnce(&T, &InterfaceRef, &str) -> bool,
    ) -> OperationAttempt {
        let pre_dispatch_failure =
            |kind, message: &str| OperationAttempt::NotStarted(CallError::new(kind, message));
        let current_object_validator = self.implementation.validator();
        if let Some(supplied) = target.validator.as_deref()
            && current_object_validator.map(Validator::as_bytes) != Some(supplied)
        {
            return pre_dispatch_failure(
                CallErrorKind::ValidatorMismatch,
                "object validator does not match current object state",
            );
        }

        let Some(bound) = self
            .interfaces
            .iter()
            .find(|bound| bound.artifact.reference.as_str() == interface.reference.as_str())
        else {
            return pre_dispatch_failure(
                CallErrorKind::InterfaceMismatch,
                "interface is not a member of the current object publication",
            );
        };

        match (
            bound.artifact.validator.as_ref(),
            interface.validator.as_deref(),
        ) {
            (Some(_), None) => {
                return pre_dispatch_failure(
                    CallErrorKind::InterfaceValidatorRequired,
                    "registered interface requires a validator",
                );
            }
            (expected, Some(actual)) if expected.map(Validator::as_bytes) != Some(actual) => {
                return pre_dispatch_failure(
                    CallErrorKind::InterfaceValidatorMismatch,
                    "interface validator does not match the registered descriptor",
                );
            }
            _ => {}
        }

        if !bound
            .artifact
            .descriptor
            .operations
            .iter()
            .any(|declared| declared.name == operation)
        {
            return pre_dispatch_failure(
                CallErrorKind::OperationNotFound,
                &format!("operation `{operation}` is not declared"),
            );
        }

        if target.validator.is_none()
            && self
                .implementation
                .requires_validator(&bound.artifact.reference, &operation)
        {
            return pre_dispatch_failure(
                CallErrorKind::ValidatorRequired,
                "this operation requires an object validator",
            );
        }

        let arguments = match decode_arguments(&bound.artifact.descriptor) {
            Ok(arguments) => arguments,
            Err(_) => {
                return pre_dispatch_failure(
                    CallErrorKind::InvalidArguments,
                    "operation arguments could not be decoded",
                );
            }
        };
        if let Err(error) = bound
            .artifact
            .descriptor
            .validate_arguments(&operation, &arguments)
        {
            return pre_dispatch_failure(CallErrorKind::InvalidArguments, &error.to_string());
        }

        if !authorize(&self.implementation, &bound.artifact.reference, &operation) {
            return pre_dispatch_failure(
                CallErrorKind::PermissionDenied,
                "operation is not permitted for this caller",
            );
        }

        if let Err(error) = context.preflight() {
            return OperationAttempt::NotStarted(error);
        }

        let value = match (bound.dispatch)(&self.implementation, &operation, arguments) {
            Ok(value) => value,
            Err(
                error @ (DispatchError::UnknownOperation(_)
                | DispatchError::InvalidArguments(_)
                | DispatchError::Decode(_)),
            ) => return OperationAttempt::NotStarted(CallError::from_pre_dispatch(error)),
            Err(error) => {
                return OperationAttempt::Started(Err(OperationFailure::from_dispatch(error)));
            }
        };

        if bound
            .artifact
            .descriptor
            .validate_result(&operation, &value)
            .is_err()
        {
            return OperationAttempt::Started(Err(OperationFailure::internal(
                EffectGuarantee::Unknown,
                "operation implementation produced an invalid result",
            )));
        }

        OperationAttempt::Started(Ok(CallResult {
            result: value,
            validator: self
                .implementation
                .validator()
                .map(|validator| validator.0.clone()),
        }))
    }

    /// Consumes the publication and returns its host-private implementation.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
        self.implementation
    }
}

/// A post-invocation failure awaiting final provider effect disposition.
///
/// Providers may upgrade an unknown failure with [`confirm_rollback`](Self::confirm_rollback)
/// only after the backend transaction has definitely rolled back. Diagnostics are
/// intentionally generic and safe for protocol exposure.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct OperationFailure {
    kind: HostErrorKind,
    effect_guarantee: EffectGuarantee,
    message: String,
}

impl OperationFailure {
    fn internal(effect_guarantee: EffectGuarantee, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        Self {
            kind: HostErrorKind::Internal,
            effect_guarantee,
            message: bounded_message(message.into()),
        }
    }

    fn from_dispatch(error: DispatchError) -> Self {
        match error {
            DispatchError::Host(error) => Self {
                kind: error.kind(),
                effect_guarantee: error.effect_guarantee(),
                message: match error.kind() {
                    HostErrorKind::Internal => "operation implementation failed".into(),
                    HostErrorKind::ResourceLimitExceeded => {
                        "operation resource limit was exceeded".into()
                    }
                },
            },
            DispatchError::Panic => Self::internal(
                EffectGuarantee::Unknown,
                "operation implementation panicked",
            ),
            DispatchError::Encode(_) => Self::internal(
                EffectGuarantee::Unknown,
                "operation result could not be encoded",
            ),
            DispatchError::InvalidResult(_) => Self::internal(
                EffectGuarantee::Unknown,
                "operation implementation produced an invalid result",
            ),
            DispatchError::UnknownOperation(_)
            | DispatchError::InvalidArguments(_)
            | DispatchError::Decode(_) => {
                unreachable!("pre-dispatch failures are classified before OperationFailure")
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns the Host failure category used when effects are not committed.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn kind(&self) -> HostErrorKind {
        self.kind
    }

    /// Returns the current effect guarantee.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn effect_guarantee(&self) -> EffectGuarantee {
        self.effect_guarantee
    }

    /// Confirms that the provider rolled back all operation effects.
    ///
    /// Calling this method is a semantic assertion by the provider and must occur
    /// only after its atomic backend boundary has completed rollback.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn confirm_rollback(mut self) -> Self {
        self.effect_guarantee = EffectGuarantee::NotCommitted;
        self
    }
}

/// Dispatch progress returned to the provider's atomic execution boundary.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum OperationAttempt {
    /// A canonical precondition failed and typed implementation code did not run.
    NotStarted(CallError),
    /// Typed implementation invocation began, with either a result or a typed
    /// post-invocation failure.
    Started(Result<CallResult, OperationFailure>),
}

impl OperationAttempt {
    /// Marks a post-invocation failure as fully rolled back.
    ///
    /// Successful attempts and pre-dispatch failures are returned unchanged.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn confirm_rollback(self) -> Self {
        match self {
            Self::Started(Err(error)) => Self::Started(Err(error.confirm_rollback())),
            other => other,
        }
    }
}

/// Result of one provider resolution or execution boundary.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum ProviderResult<T> {
    /// The path resolved and the provider callback completed.
    Found(T),
    /// The path is not currently published to this caller.
    NotFound,
    /// Provider or backend execution failed.
    ///
    /// During `call_operation`, the embedded effect guarantee determines whether
    /// the failure is safe to expose as `Internal`/`ResourceLimitExceeded` or must
    /// become `OperationOutcomeUnknown`.
    Failure(HostError),
}

/// A request-scoped Worldspace resolver and execution boundary.
///
/// `with_object` must resolve the current object at `path` exactly once and pass
/// a publication that pins its current interface set, implementations, and
/// backend target for the duration of `operation`. The execution context is the
/// runtime-neutral carrier for cancellation, deadline, and resource controls.
/// The borrowed publication cannot escape the callback.
///
/// Providers that can roll back mutable operations should override
/// [`ObjectProvider::execute_operation`], hold their transaction across the
/// callback, and call [`OperationAttempt::confirm_rollback`] only after rollback
/// succeeds. The default boundary conservatively preserves unknown outcomes.
pub trait ObjectProvider {
    /// Host-private object type produced by this provider.
    type Object: WipObject;

    /// Runs a callback against the single object snapshot resolved at `path`.
    fn with_object<R>(
        &self,
        context: &ExecutionContext,
        path: &str,
        operation: impl FnOnce(&PublishedObject<Self::Object>) -> R,
    ) -> ProviderResult<R>;

    /// Runs one operation attempt inside the provider's atomic backend boundary.
    ///
    /// The default implementation delegates to [`ObjectProvider::with_object`]
    /// and therefore does not add a rollback guarantee. Transactional providers
    /// can override this method, inspect the returned [`OperationAttempt`], roll
    /// back a failed started attempt, and return its confirmed form.
    fn execute_operation(
        &self,
        context: &ExecutionContext,
        path: &str,
        operation: impl FnOnce(&PublishedObject<Self::Object>) -> OperationAttempt,
    ) -> ProviderResult<OperationAttempt> {
        self.with_object(context, path, operation)
    }

    /// Decides whether a declared operation may execute for the current caller.
    ///
    /// The hook runs after all validators, membership, operation lookup, and
    /// argument validation, but before implementation code. Returning `false`
    /// exposes the operation while producing `PermissionDenied`.
    fn authorize(
        &self,
        _path: &str,
        _object: &Self::Object,
        _interface: &InterfaceRef,
        _operation: &str,
    ) -> bool {
        true
    }

    /// Observes the canonical object projection currently published at `path`.
    fn observe_object(&self, path: &str) -> Result<Object, CallError> {
        self.observe_object_with_context(&ExecutionContext::default(), path)
    }

    /// Observes an object while propagating runtime execution controls.
    fn observe_object_with_context(
        &self,
        context: &ExecutionContext,
        path: &str,
    ) -> Result<Object, CallError> {
        wip_protocol::validate_path(path)
            .map_err(|error| CallError::new(CallErrorKind::InvalidRequest, error.to_string()))?;
        let resolved = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
            self.with_object(context, path, PublishedObject::protocol_object)
        }))
        .map_err(|_| {
            CallError::new(
                CallErrorKind::Internal,
                "provider panicked while observing an object",
            )
        })?;
        let object = match resolved {
            ProviderResult::Found(object) => object,
            ProviderResult::NotFound => {
                return Err(CallError::new(
                    CallErrorKind::NotFound,
                    "target path is not published",
                ));
            }
            ProviderResult::Failure(error) => return Err(CallError::from_read_failure(error)),
        };
        object.validate_at_path(path).map_err(|_| {
            CallError::new(
                CallErrorKind::Internal,
                "Host produced an invalid object response",
            )
        })?;
        Ok(object)
    }

    /// Resolves and executes a canonical path-targeted operation request.
    ///
    /// Structural path validation precedes provider resolution. For a valid
    /// request, failure checks follow the exact canonical precedence: path,
    /// supplied object validator mismatch, membership, interface validator
    /// requirement and mismatch, operation existence, object validator
    /// requirement, arguments, then authorization. No failed precondition
    /// invokes typed implementation code.
    fn call_operation(&self, request: CallRequest) -> Result<CallResult, CallError> {
        self.call_operation_with_context(&ExecutionContext::default(), request)
    }

    /// Executes an operation while propagating cancellation, deadline, and
    /// resource-budget controls to the provider and runtime preflight check.
    fn call_operation_with_context(
        &self,
        context: &ExecutionContext,
        request: CallRequest,
    ) -> Result<CallResult, CallError> {
        wip_protocol::validate_path(&request.target.path)
            .map_err(|error| CallError::new(CallErrorKind::InvalidRequest, error.to_string()))?;
        let path = request.target.path.clone();
        let execution = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
            self.execute_operation(context, &path, |publication| {
                publication.dispatch_resolved(context, request, |object, interface, operation| {
                    self.authorize(&path, object, interface, operation)
                })
            })
        }));

        let execution = execution.map_err(|_| {
            CallError::from_operation_failure(OperationFailure::internal(
                EffectGuarantee::Unknown,
                "provider execution panicked",
            ))
        })?;
        match execution {
            ProviderResult::Found(OperationAttempt::NotStarted(error)) => Err(error),
            ProviderResult::Found(OperationAttempt::Started(Ok(result))) => Ok(result),
            ProviderResult::Found(OperationAttempt::Started(Err(error))) => {
                Err(CallError::from_operation_failure(error))
            }
            ProviderResult::NotFound => Err(CallError::new(
                CallErrorKind::NotFound,
                "target path is not published",
            )),
            ProviderResult::Failure(error) => Err(CallError::from_host_failure(error)),
        }
    }

    /// Resolves one operation target and decodes its arguments only after all
    /// descriptor-independent canonical preconditions have succeeded.
    ///
    /// Transport bindings whose value representation depends on the selected
    /// interface descriptor should use this method instead of resolving a
    /// descriptor before [`ObjectProvider::call_operation_with_context`]. The
    /// callback executes inside the same exact-once provider boundary after
    /// object/interface validators, membership, operation lookup, and required
    /// object-validator checks. A callback error becomes `InvalidArguments` and
    /// typed implementation code is not invoked.
    fn call_operation_with_context_and_decoder<E>(
        &self,
        context: &ExecutionContext,
        target: Target,
        interface: InterfaceTarget,
        operation: String,
        decode_arguments: impl FnOnce(&InterfaceDescriptor) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Value>, E>,
    ) -> Result<CallResult, CallError> {
        wip_protocol::validate_path(&target.path)
            .map_err(|error| CallError::new(CallErrorKind::InvalidRequest, error.to_string()))?;
        let path = target.path.clone();
        let execution = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
            self.execute_operation(context, &path, |publication| {
                publication.dispatch_resolved_with_decoder(
                    context,
                    target,
                    interface,
                    operation,
                    decode_arguments,
                    |object, interface, operation| {
                        self.authorize(&path, object, interface, operation)
                    },
                )
            })
        }));

        let execution = execution.map_err(|_| {
            CallError::from_operation_failure(OperationFailure::internal(
                EffectGuarantee::Unknown,
                "provider execution panicked",
            ))
        })?;
        match execution {
            ProviderResult::Found(OperationAttempt::NotStarted(error)) => Err(error),
            ProviderResult::Found(OperationAttempt::Started(Ok(result))) => Ok(result),
            ProviderResult::Found(OperationAttempt::Started(Err(error))) => {
                Err(CallError::from_operation_failure(error))
            }
            ProviderResult::NotFound => Err(CallError::new(
                CallErrorKind::NotFound,
                "target path is not published",
            )),
            ProviderResult::Failure(error) => Err(CallError::from_host_failure(error)),
        }
    }
}

/// Failure to construct an explicit object publication.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum PublicationError {
    /// The same opaque interface reference was exposed more than once.
    DuplicateInterface(InterfaceRef),
}

impl Display for PublicationError {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::DuplicateInterface(reference) => write!(
                formatter,
                "interface `{}` is already exposed by this object",
                reference.as_str()
            ),
        }
    }
}

impl Error for PublicationError {}

/// Stable Host dispatch failure kind.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum CallErrorKind {
    /// The request is structurally invalid.
    InvalidRequest,
    /// The target path is not currently published.
    NotFound,
    /// The selected interface is not exposed by the current object.
    InterfaceMismatch,
    /// The operation is absent from the selected descriptor.
    OperationNotFound,
    /// Supplied named values do not satisfy the operation declaration.
    InvalidArguments,
    /// A bounded cancellation, deadline, or resource limit was exceeded and the
    /// operation effects are guaranteed not committed.
    ResourceLimitExceeded,
    /// The Host failed and operation effects are guaranteed not committed.
    Internal,
    /// The Host cannot guarantee whether operation effects were committed.
    OperationOutcomeUnknown,
    /// This operation requires a validator and the call omitted it.
    ValidatorRequired,
    /// The supplied object validator is stale or belongs to another object.
    ValidatorMismatch,
    /// The selected mutable interface requires its observed validator.
    InterfaceValidatorRequired,
    /// The supplied interface validator does not identify the current descriptor.
    InterfaceValidatorMismatch,
    /// The operation is declared but not authorized for the caller.
    PermissionDenied,
}

/// A dispatch failure with a stable kind and bounded non-normative diagnostic.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct CallError {
    kind: CallErrorKind,
    message: String,
}

impl CallError {
    fn new(kind: CallErrorKind, message: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        Self {
            kind,
            message: bounded_message(message.into()),
        }
    }

    fn from_pre_dispatch(error: DispatchError) -> Self {
        match error {
            DispatchError::UnknownOperation(operation) => Self::new(
                CallErrorKind::OperationNotFound,
                format!("operation `{operation}` is not declared"),
            ),
            DispatchError::InvalidArguments(error) => {
                Self::new(CallErrorKind::InvalidArguments, error.to_string())
            }
            DispatchError::Decode(_) => Self::new(
                CallErrorKind::InvalidArguments,
                "operation arguments could not be decoded",
            ),
            DispatchError::Host(_)
            | DispatchError::Panic
            | DispatchError::Encode(_)
            | DispatchError::InvalidResult(_) => {
                unreachable!("post-invocation failure used as a pre-dispatch failure")
            }
        }
    }

    fn from_read_failure(error: HostError) -> Self {
        match error.kind() {
            HostErrorKind::Internal => Self::new(
                CallErrorKind::Internal,
                "provider failed while fetching data",
            ),
            HostErrorKind::ResourceLimitExceeded => Self::new(
                CallErrorKind::ResourceLimitExceeded,
                "provider resource limit was exceeded while fetching data",
            ),
        }
    }

    fn from_host_failure(error: HostError) -> Self {
        let kind = classified_host_kind(error.kind(), error.effect_guarantee());
        let message = match error.kind() {
            HostErrorKind::Internal => "provider execution failed",
            HostErrorKind::ResourceLimitExceeded => {
                "provider execution resource limit was exceeded"
            }
        };
        Self::new(kind, message)
    }

    fn from_operation_failure(error: OperationFailure) -> Self {
        Self::new(
            classified_host_kind(error.kind, error.effect_guarantee),
            error.message,
        )
    }

    /// Returns the stable failure kind.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn kind(&self) -> CallErrorKind {
        self.kind
    }

    /// Returns the bounded protocol-safe human-readable diagnostic.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn message(&self) -> &str {
        &self.message
    }

    /// Maps this Host failure to the canonical protocol error taxonomy.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn protocol_error(&self) -> ProtocolError {
        let code = match self.kind {
            CallErrorKind::InvalidRequest => ProtocolErrorCode::InvalidRequest,
            CallErrorKind::NotFound => ProtocolErrorCode::NotFound,
            CallErrorKind::InterfaceMismatch => ProtocolErrorCode::InterfaceMismatch,
            CallErrorKind::OperationNotFound => ProtocolErrorCode::OperationNotFound,
            CallErrorKind::InvalidArguments => ProtocolErrorCode::InvalidArguments,
            CallErrorKind::ResourceLimitExceeded => ProtocolErrorCode::ResourceLimitExceeded,
            CallErrorKind::Internal => ProtocolErrorCode::Internal,
            CallErrorKind::OperationOutcomeUnknown => ProtocolErrorCode::OperationOutcomeUnknown,
            CallErrorKind::ValidatorRequired => ProtocolErrorCode::ValidatorRequired,
            CallErrorKind::ValidatorMismatch => ProtocolErrorCode::ValidatorMismatch,
            CallErrorKind::InterfaceValidatorRequired => {
                ProtocolErrorCode::InterfaceValidatorRequired
            }
            CallErrorKind::InterfaceValidatorMismatch => {
                ProtocolErrorCode::InterfaceValidatorMismatch
            }
            CallErrorKind::PermissionDenied => ProtocolErrorCode::PermissionDenied,
        };
        ProtocolError {
            code,
            message: self.message.clone(),
        }
    }
}

fn classified_host_kind(kind: HostErrorKind, effect_guarantee: EffectGuarantee) -> CallErrorKind {
    match effect_guarantee {
        EffectGuarantee::Unknown => CallErrorKind::OperationOutcomeUnknown,
        EffectGuarantee::NotCommitted => match kind {
            HostErrorKind::Internal => CallErrorKind::Internal,
            HostErrorKind::ResourceLimitExceeded => CallErrorKind::ResourceLimitExceeded,
        },
    }
}

const MAX_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_BYTES: usize = 512;

fn bounded_message(mut message: String) -> String {
    if message.len() <= MAX_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_BYTES {
        return message;
    }
    let mut end = MAX_PROTOCOL_MESSAGE_BYTES;
    while !message.is_char_boundary(end) {
        end -= 1;
    }
    message.truncate(end);
    message
}

impl Display for CallError {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(
            formatter,
            "host dispatch failed ({:?}): {}",
            self.kind, self.message
        )
    }
}

impl Error for CallError {}