wai-quantum 0.3.19

//! Phasor energy meter — the energy-accounted seal for an *interference
//! computation* (`wai.quantum.phasor`). The generative Born machine, the phasor
//! kernel classifier, and the phasor bridge all reduce to the same three
//! primitives — **bind** (elementwise phase add), **bundle** (superpose), and
//! **similarity** (interference readout) — and this is the receipt that prices
//! them.
//!
//! It is the [`crate::quantum_receipt`] discipline applied to the deployable
//! substrate, with the same honest split:
//!
//! - The **work** is *portable-exact*: `n_features · (input_dim + 1) · n_samples`
//!   phasor multiply-adds — a number anyone recomputes from the computation's
//!   *shape* alone ([`PhasorWork::phasor_ops`]), and which a sink cannot inflate.
//!   Unlike a statevector's `2^n`, this grows only **linearly**: that is the whole
//!   point of running the quantum model as a classical phasor layer. **Verified by
//!   recomputation, not attested.**
//! - The **energy** is *measured-attested*: `joules_micro`, the marginal energy the
//!   sink's meter recorded. Only the signer can vouch for its own silicon.
//!   **Attested by signature, not third-party-verifiable.**
//!
//! The **`result_hash`** binds both to a *reproducible-f64* output (the fitted
//! weights / trained probabilities): every phasor op is IEEE-754-strict, so the
//! same inputs reconstruct the same result on the same machine, and the hash lets a
//! verifier reject a receipt whose claimed output the computation does not produce.
//! (The phasor layer uses `cos`/`ln`/`sqrt`, so this is reproducible-f64, not
//! byte-exact-dyadic — the honest determinism class for an approximate substrate.)
//!
//! So the receipt states, checkably: *"this interference computation produced THIS
//! output [re-checkable], costing THIS exact linear phasor work [re-checkable],
//! which drew THIS measured energy on my machine \[signed\]"* — and turns qFHRR from
//! a merely fast substrate into an **accountable** one. It is a JWP profile like
//! every other receipt here: the worlds Merkle + Ed25519, reused.

use crate::merkle::merkle_root;
use ed25519_dalek::{Signature, Signer, SigningKey, Verifier, VerifyingKey};

const DOMAIN_RECEIPT: &[u8] = b"wai:phasor-receipt\x01";
const DOMAIN_RECEIPT_ID: &[u8] = b"wai:phasor-receipt-id\x01";
const DOMAIN_COMPUTE_ID: &[u8] = b"wai:phasor-compute-id\x01";
const DOMAIN_RESULT: &[u8] = b"wai:phasor-result\x01";

fn hx(b: &[u8]) -> String {
    b.iter().map(|x| format!("{x:02x}")).collect()
}

fn from_hex32(s: &str) -> Option<[u8; 32]> {
    if s.len() != 64 || !s.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_hexdigit()) {
        return None;
    }
    let mut out = [0u8; 32];
    for (i, c) in s.as_bytes().chunks(2).enumerate() {
        out[i] = u8::from_str_radix(std::str::from_utf8(c).ok()?, 16).ok()?;
    }
    Some(out)
}

fn from_hex64(s: &str) -> Option<[u8; 64]> {
    if s.len() != 128 || !s.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_hexdigit()) {
        return None;
    }
    let mut out = [0u8; 64];
    for (i, c) in s.as_bytes().chunks(2).enumerate() {
        out[i] = u8::from_str_radix(std::str::from_utf8(c).ok()?, 16).ok()?;
    }
    Some(out)
}

/// The shape of an interference computation — enough for anyone to recompute its
/// exact work. `n_features` is the phasor-bank width `D`; `input_dim` the data
/// dimension bound into each phasor; `n_samples` the items processed.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct PhasorWork {
    pub n_features: u32,
    pub input_dim: u32,
    pub n_samples: u32,
}

impl PhasorWork {
    /// Portable-exact phasor multiply-adds: each of `n_features` phasors performs
    /// `input_dim` **binds** (phase-add per dimension) plus one **bundle/similarity**
    /// readout, over every sample — `D · (input_dim + 1) · n_samples` (saturating).
    /// Recomputable from the shape alone, so a verifier never trusts the claim.
    pub fn phasor_ops(&self) -> u64 {
        (self.n_features as u64)
            .saturating_mul(self.input_dim as u64 + 1)
            .saturating_mul(self.n_samples as u64)
    }
}

/// A blake3 identity over an interference computation's method + parameters —
/// the receipt's `computation_hash`. Parameters are hashed by their exact bits so
/// the id is reproducible and tamper-evident.
pub fn computation_id(method: &str, params: &[f64]) -> [u8; 32] {
    let mut h = blake3::Hasher::new();
    h.update(DOMAIN_COMPUTE_ID);
    h.update(&(method.len() as u64).to_be_bytes());
    h.update(method.as_bytes());
    h.update(&(params.len() as u64).to_be_bytes());
    for p in params {
        h.update(&p.to_bits().to_be_bytes());
    }
    *h.finalize().as_bytes()
}

/// A reproducible-f64 fingerprint of a computation's output (fitted weights,
/// trained probabilities, …): the exact bits of each value, so the same result
/// hashes the same on the same machine and a verifier can reject a false claim.
pub fn result_fingerprint(values: &[f64]) -> [u8; 32] {
    let mut h = blake3::Hasher::new();
    h.update(DOMAIN_RESULT);
    h.update(&(values.len() as u64).to_be_bytes());
    for v in values {
        h.update(&v.to_bits().to_be_bytes());
    }
    *h.finalize().as_bytes()
}

/// A signed, energy-accounted seal over one interference computation.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct PhasorReceipt {
    /// Identity: the method + parameters hash ([`computation_id`]).
    pub computation_hash: [u8; 32],
    /// The interference method, e.g. `"wai.quantum.kernel"`.
    pub method: String,
    /// Reproducible-f64 fingerprint of the output ([`result_fingerprint`]).
    pub result_hash: [u8; 32],
    pub work: PhasorWork,
    /// Merkle root over the receipt's leaves (computation, result) — JWP domains.
    pub merkle_root: [u8; 32],
    /// Exact, portable phasor work = `D·(input_dim+1)·n` ([`PhasorWork::phasor_ops`]).
    /// Verified by recomputation.
    pub phasor_ops: u64,
    /// Measured microjoules the sink spent (`0` = unmetered). Attested by the
    /// signature, not independently verifiable.
    pub joules_micro: u64,
    pub parent_receipt_hash: Option<[u8; 32]>,
    pub signer_pubkey: [u8; 32],
    pub signer_id: String,
    pub sig: [u8; 64],
}

impl PhasorReceipt {
    fn leaves(&self) -> Vec<[u8; 32]> {
        vec![self.computation_hash, self.result_hash]
    }

    fn signing_payload(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut o = DOMAIN_RECEIPT.to_vec();
        o.extend_from_slice(&self.computation_hash);
        o.extend_from_slice(&(self.method.len() as u64).to_be_bytes());
        o.extend_from_slice(self.method.as_bytes());
        o.extend_from_slice(&self.result_hash);
        o.extend_from_slice(&self.work.n_features.to_be_bytes());
        o.extend_from_slice(&self.work.input_dim.to_be_bytes());
        o.extend_from_slice(&self.work.n_samples.to_be_bytes());
        o.extend_from_slice(&self.merkle_root);
        o.extend_from_slice(&self.phasor_ops.to_be_bytes());
        o.extend_from_slice(&self.joules_micro.to_be_bytes());
        match self.parent_receipt_hash {
            Some(h) => {
                o.push(1);
                o.extend_from_slice(&h);
            }
            None => o.push(0),
        }
        o.extend_from_slice(&self.signer_pubkey);
        o.extend_from_slice(self.signer_id.as_bytes());
        o
    }

    /// Build and sign a receipt over an interference computation. `joules_micro`
    /// is the sink's measured energy (`0` if unmetered). The `phasor_ops` field is
    /// computed from `work` here — never a caller claim — so it always equals the
    /// stated, recomputable cost.
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn seal(
        signer: &SigningKey,
        signer_id: impl Into<String>,
        method: impl Into<String>,
        computation_hash: [u8; 32],
        result_hash: [u8; 32],
        work: PhasorWork,
        joules_micro: u64,
        parent_receipt_hash: Option<[u8; 32]>,
    ) -> PhasorReceipt {
        let mut r = PhasorReceipt {
            computation_hash,
            method: method.into(),
            result_hash,
            work,
            merkle_root: [0u8; 32],
            phasor_ops: work.phasor_ops(),
            joules_micro,
            parent_receipt_hash,
            signer_pubkey: signer.verifying_key().to_bytes(),
            signer_id: signer_id.into(),
            sig: [0u8; 64],
        };
        r.merkle_root = merkle_root(&r.leaves());
        r.sig = signer.sign(&r.signing_payload()).to_bytes();
        r
    }

    /// Verify the receipt is internally consistent and signed: the Merkle root
    /// recomputes over its leaves, the phasor work equals `D·(input_dim+1)·n` (a
    /// stated cost a sink cannot inflate), and the Ed25519 signature is valid.
    pub fn verify(&self) -> bool {
        if merkle_root(&self.leaves()) != self.merkle_root {
            return false;
        }
        if self.phasor_ops != self.work.phasor_ops() {
            return false;
        }
        let Ok(k) = VerifyingKey::from_bytes(&self.signer_pubkey) else {
            return false;
        };
        k.verify(&self.signing_payload(), &Signature::from_bytes(&self.sig))
            .is_ok()
    }

    /// Confirm a receipt vouches for *this* output: the result reproduces the
    /// bound fingerprint (recompute [`result_fingerprint`] over the values you
    /// hold), then the receipt itself verifies. The measured `joules_micro`
    /// remains attested-only.
    pub fn verify_result(&self, values: &[f64]) -> bool {
        result_fingerprint(values) == self.result_hash && self.verify()
    }

    /// The energy price of interference: measured microjoules per **million**
    /// phasor ops — the unit that makes qFHRR an *accountable* substrate. `0.0`
    /// when unmetered or no work.
    pub fn micro_joules_per_megaop(&self) -> f64 {
        if self.joules_micro == 0 || self.phasor_ops == 0 {
            return 0.0;
        }
        self.joules_micro as f64 / (self.phasor_ops as f64 / 1.0e6)
    }

    /// Picojoules per phasor op (`joules_micro` is µJ ⇒ ×10⁶ pJ). `0.0` when
    /// unmetered.
    pub fn pico_joules_per_op(&self) -> f64 {
        if self.joules_micro == 0 || self.phasor_ops == 0 {
            return 0.0;
        }
        (self.joules_micro as f64 * 1.0e6) / self.phasor_ops as f64
    }

    /// Stable id for chaining a derived receipt via `parent_receipt_hash`.
    pub fn receipt_hash(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
        let mut h = blake3::Hasher::new();
        h.update(DOMAIN_RECEIPT_ID);
        h.update(&self.signing_payload());
        h.update(&self.sig);
        *h.finalize().as_bytes()
    }

    /// Canonical JSON (hex hashes, sorted keys) — the portable receipt.
    pub fn to_json(&self) -> String {
        let parent = match self.parent_receipt_hash {
            Some(h) => format!("\"{}\"", hx(&h)),
            None => "null".into(),
        };
        format!(
            "{{\"kind\":\"phasor\",\"computation_hash\":\"{}\",\"input_dim\":{},\
             \"joules_micro\":{},\"method\":{},\"n_features\":{},\"n_samples\":{},\
             \"parent_receipt_hash\":{},\"phasor_ops\":{},\"receipt_hash\":\"{}\",\
             \"result_hash\":\"{}\",\"root_hash\":\"{}\",\"sig\":\"{}\",\"signer_id\":{},\
             \"signer_pubkey\":\"{}\"}}",
            hx(&self.computation_hash),
            self.work.input_dim,
            self.joules_micro,
            serde_json::to_string(&self.method).unwrap(),
            self.work.n_features,
            self.work.n_samples,
            parent,
            self.phasor_ops,
            hx(&self.receipt_hash()),
            hx(&self.result_hash),
            hx(&self.merkle_root),
            hx(&self.sig),
            serde_json::to_string(&self.signer_id).unwrap(),
            hx(&self.signer_pubkey),
        )
    }

    /// Parse a receipt from its canonical JSON.
    pub fn from_json(s: &str) -> Option<PhasorReceipt> {
        let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(s).ok()?;
        let o = v.as_object()?;
        let u = |k: &str| o.get(k).and_then(|x| x.as_u64());
        let parent = match o.get("parent_receipt_hash") {
            Some(serde_json::Value::String(s)) => Some(from_hex32(s)?),
            _ => None,
        };
        Some(PhasorReceipt {
            computation_hash: from_hex32(o.get("computation_hash")?.as_str()?)?,
            method: o.get("method")?.as_str()?.to_owned(),
            result_hash: from_hex32(o.get("result_hash")?.as_str()?)?,
            work: PhasorWork {
                n_features: u("n_features")? as u32,
                input_dim: u("input_dim")? as u32,
                n_samples: u("n_samples")? as u32,
            },
            merkle_root: from_hex32(o.get("root_hash")?.as_str()?)?,
            phasor_ops: u("phasor_ops")?,
            joules_micro: u("joules_micro")?,
            parent_receipt_hash: parent,
            signer_pubkey: from_hex32(o.get("signer_pubkey")?.as_str()?)?,
            signer_id: o.get("signer_id")?.as_str()?.to_owned(),
            sig: from_hex64(o.get("sig")?.as_str()?)?,
        })
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn key(s: u8) -> SigningKey {
        SigningKey::from_bytes(&[s; 32])
    }

    #[test]
    fn work_is_linear_and_recomputable() {
        // 200 phasors, 2-D data, 300 samples: 200·3·300 = 180_000 phasor ops —
        // exactly what the deployed kernel reports, and linear in every input.
        let w = PhasorWork { n_features: 200, input_dim: 2, n_samples: 300 };
        assert_eq!(w.phasor_ops(), 180_000);
        // doubling any dimension doubles the work (not 2^n): the whole point.
        let w2 = PhasorWork { n_features: 400, input_dim: 2, n_samples: 300 };
        assert_eq!(w2.phasor_ops(), 360_000);
    }

    #[test]
    fn seals_and_verifies() {
        let ch = computation_id("wai.quantum.kernel", &[4.0, 7.0]);
        let rh = result_fingerprint(&[0.1, -0.2, 0.3]);
        let w = PhasorWork { n_features: 200, input_dim: 2, n_samples: 300 };
        let r = PhasorReceipt::seal(&key(1), "did:key:test", "wai.quantum.kernel", ch, rh, w, 117_000, None);
        assert!(r.verify());
        assert_eq!(r.phasor_ops, 180_000);
        assert_eq!(r.joules_micro, 117_000);
        // 117_000 µJ / 0.18 megaops = 650_000 µJ/Mop; = 650_000 pJ/op (0.65 µJ/op).
        assert!((r.micro_joules_per_megaop() - 650_000.0).abs() < 1.0);
        assert!((r.pico_joules_per_op() - 650_000.0).abs() < 1e-3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn verify_result_catches_a_lie() {
        let ch = computation_id("wai.quantum.born", &[3.0]);
        let vals = [0.5, 0.5, 0.25, 0.75];
        let rh = result_fingerprint(&vals);
        let w = PhasorWork { n_features: 64, input_dim: 3, n_samples: 1 };
        let r = PhasorReceipt::seal(&key(2), "m", "wai.quantum.born", ch, rh, w, 0, None);
        assert!(r.verify_result(&vals));
        // a different output must fail the fingerprint check
        assert!(!r.verify_result(&[0.5, 0.5, 0.25, 0.76]));
    }

    #[test]
    fn tamper_breaks_verification() {
        let ch = computation_id("wai.quantum.kernel", &[1.0]);
        let rh = result_fingerprint(&[1.0]);
        let w = PhasorWork { n_features: 10, input_dim: 2, n_samples: 5 };
        let mut r = PhasorReceipt::seal(&key(3), "m", "wai.quantum.kernel", ch, rh, w, 42, None);
        // inflating the priced work (a signed field) breaks the signature…
        r.phasor_ops = 1;
        assert!(!r.verify());
        // …and even a consistent-but-forged work is caught by the recompute check.
        let mut r2 = PhasorReceipt::seal(&key(3), "m", "wai.quantum.kernel", ch, rh, w, 42, None);
        r2.work.n_features = 1;
        assert!(!r2.verify());
    }

    #[test]
    fn unmetered_prices_are_zero() {
        let ch = computation_id("wai.quantum.kernel", &[1.0]);
        let rh = result_fingerprint(&[1.0]);
        let w = PhasorWork { n_features: 10, input_dim: 2, n_samples: 5 };
        let r = PhasorReceipt::seal(&key(4), "m", "wai.quantum.kernel", ch, rh, w, 0, None);
        assert!(r.verify());
        assert_eq!(r.micro_joules_per_megaop(), 0.0);
        assert_eq!(r.pico_joules_per_op(), 0.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn json_round_trips_and_chains() {
        let ch = computation_id("wai.quantum.kernel", &[4.0, 7.0]);
        let rh = result_fingerprint(&[0.1, 0.2]);
        let w = PhasorWork { n_features: 200, input_dim: 2, n_samples: 300 };
        let root = PhasorReceipt::seal(&key(5), "did:key:z6Mk", "wai.quantum.kernel", ch, rh, w, 900, None);
        let back = PhasorReceipt::from_json(&root.to_json()).expect("parse");
        assert_eq!(root, back);
        assert!(back.verify());
        // chain a derived receipt to it
        let child = PhasorReceipt::seal(
            &key(5), "did:key:z6Mk", "wai.quantum.kernel", ch, rh, w, 950, Some(root.receipt_hash()),
        );
        assert!(child.verify());
        assert_eq!(child.parent_receipt_hash, Some(root.receipt_hash()));
    }
}