vtcode-core 0.136.0

//! Production ToolExecutor: Cache + Middleware + Patterns integrated.
//!
//! Drop-in replacement for tool execution with full observability.
//! Stats tracking uses lock-free `AtomicU64` counters to avoid contention.

use crate::config::constants::execution;
use crate::tools::lru_cache::LruCache;
use crate::tools::pattern_detection::{PatternDetector, ToolEvent};
use crate::tools::tool_middleware::{MiddlewareChain, MiddlewareResult, ToolRequest, ToolResponse};
use crate::tools::{UnifiedErrorKind, UnifiedToolError};
use serde_json::Value;
use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
use std::hash::Hasher;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::RwLock;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
use std::time::Duration;
use tokio::time::timeout;
use tracing::warn;

static REQUEST_ID: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(1);

fn next_request_id() -> String {
    let id = REQUEST_ID.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
    format!("req-{id}")
}

/// Cache-line padded atomic counter for stats updated by concurrent tool runs.
///
/// Padding keeps independent counters from sharing a cache line, avoiding the
/// false-sharing slowdown that can otherwise appear under high parallelism.
#[repr(align(64))]
struct PaddedAtomicU64(AtomicU64);

impl PaddedAtomicU64 {
    fn new(value: u64) -> Self {
        Self(AtomicU64::new(value))
    }

    #[inline]
    fn fetch_add(&self, value: u64, ordering: Ordering) -> u64 {
        self.0.fetch_add(value, ordering)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn load(&self, ordering: Ordering) -> u64 {
        self.0.load(ordering)
    }
}

/// Thread-safe snapshot of executor state.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct ExecutorStats {
    pub total_calls: u64,
    pub successful_calls: u64,
    pub failed_calls: u64,
    pub cache_hits: u64,
    pub cache_misses: u64,
    pub avg_duration_ms: u64,
    pub patterns_detected: usize,
}

/// Lock-free atomic counters for executor stats.
///
/// Avoids RwLock contention on the hot path. Duration tracking uses
/// total + count so the average is computed accurately on read.
struct AtomicStats {
    total_calls: PaddedAtomicU64,
    successful_calls: PaddedAtomicU64,
    failed_calls: PaddedAtomicU64,
    cache_hits: PaddedAtomicU64,
    cache_misses: PaddedAtomicU64,
    total_duration_ms: PaddedAtomicU64,
    duration_count: PaddedAtomicU64,
}

impl AtomicStats {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            total_calls: PaddedAtomicU64::new(0),
            successful_calls: PaddedAtomicU64::new(0),
            failed_calls: PaddedAtomicU64::new(0),
            cache_hits: PaddedAtomicU64::new(0),
            cache_misses: PaddedAtomicU64::new(0),
            total_duration_ms: PaddedAtomicU64::new(0),
            duration_count: PaddedAtomicU64::new(0),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn record_success(&self, duration_ms: u64) {
        self.successful_calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
        self.total_duration_ms.fetch_add(duration_ms, Ordering::Relaxed);
        self.duration_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn record_failure(&self, duration_ms: u64) {
        self.failed_calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
        self.total_duration_ms.fetch_add(duration_ms, Ordering::Relaxed);
        self.duration_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
    }

    fn snapshot(&self) -> ExecutorStats {
        let count = self.duration_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
        let total = self.total_duration_ms.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
        let avg = if count > 0 { total / count } else { 0 };
        ExecutorStats {
            total_calls: self.total_calls.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
            successful_calls: self.successful_calls.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
            failed_calls: self.failed_calls.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
            cache_hits: self.cache_hits.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
            cache_misses: self.cache_misses.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
            avg_duration_ms: avg,
            patterns_detected: 0, // filled in by caller
        }
    }
}

/// Production tool executor with cache, middleware, and pattern detection.
pub struct CachedToolExecutor {
    /// Response cache (key = "tool_name:args_json")
    cache: Arc<LruCache<Value>>,
    /// Composable middleware chain
    middleware: MiddlewareChain,
    /// Pattern detector for workflow analysis.
    ///
    /// Uses `std::sync::RwLock` instead of `tokio::sync::RwLock` because:
    /// 1. Critical sections are very short (just calling methods on PatternDetector)
    /// 2. No async operations occur inside the lock
    /// 3. `std::sync::RwLock` has lower overhead for short critical sections
    ///
    /// This is safe because the lock is never held across await points.
    /// If critical sections become longer or need async operations, migrate to
    /// `tokio::sync::RwLock`.
    patterns: Arc<RwLock<PatternDetector>>,
    /// Lock-free stats tracking
    stats: Arc<AtomicStats>,
}

impl CachedToolExecutor {
    /// Create a new executor with default settings.
    ///
    /// - Cache capacity: 1000 entries
    /// - Cache TTL: 1 hour
    /// - Pattern window: 3-tool sequences
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self::with_config(1000, Duration::from_secs(3600), 3)
    }

    /// Create executor with custom cache and pattern settings.
    pub fn with_config(cache_capacity: usize, cache_ttl: Duration, pattern_window: usize) -> Self {
        let cache = Arc::new(LruCache::<Value>::new(cache_capacity, cache_ttl));
        let middleware = MiddlewareChain::new();
        let patterns = Arc::new(RwLock::new(PatternDetector::new(pattern_window)));
        let stats = Arc::new(AtomicStats::new());

        Self { cache, middleware, patterns, stats }
    }

    /// Add middleware to the chain.
    pub fn with_middleware(mut self, mw: Arc<dyn crate::tools::tool_middleware::Middleware>) -> Self {
        self.middleware = self.middleware.push(mw);
        self
    }

    /// Execute a tool with full caching and observability.
    pub async fn execute(&self, tool_name: &str, args: Value) -> MiddlewareResult<Value> {
        // Delegate to the shared-version and convert to an owned Value
        let r = self.execute_shared_owned(tool_name, args).await?;
        Ok((*r).clone())
    }

    /// Execute a tool but return a shared (Arc) response to avoid clones.
    /// Accepts a shared `Arc<Value>` to avoid cloning arg contents when caller
    /// already holds a shared reference.
    pub async fn execute_shared(&self, tool_name: &str, args: Arc<Value>) -> MiddlewareResult<Arc<Value>> {
        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
        let cache_key = make_cache_key(tool_name, &args);

        // Atomic increment — no lock needed
        self.stats.total_calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);

        // Create request — reuse the shared `args` (already an Arc)
        let owned_args = Arc::clone(&args);
        let req = ToolRequest {
            id: next_request_id(),
            tool_name: tool_name.into(),
            args: (*owned_args).clone(),
            metadata: Some(Default::default()),
        };

        // Before hooks
        if let Err(err) = self.middleware.before_execute(&req).await {
            self.record_error(tool_name, start.elapsed(), &req, &err).await;
            return Err(err);
        }

        // Check cache
        if let Some(result) = self.cache.get(&cache_key).await {
            let duration_ms = start.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
            self.stats.record_success(duration_ms);
            self.stats.cache_hits.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);

            let res = ToolResponse {
                id: req.id.clone(),
                success: true,
                result: Some((*result).clone()),
                error: None,
                duration_ms: Some(duration_ms),
                cache_hit: Some(true),
            };
            if let Err(err) = self.middleware.after_execute(&req, &res).await {
                self.record_error(tool_name, start.elapsed(), &req, &err).await;
                return Err(err);
            }

            // Record pattern
            self.record_pattern(tool_name, true, duration_ms).await;

            return Ok(Arc::clone(&result));
        }

        // Atomic increment — no lock needed
        self.stats.cache_misses.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);

        // Execute tool (caller provides actual execution)
        let timeout_secs = execution::DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_SECS;
        let result = match timeout(
            Duration::from_secs(timeout_secs),
            self.execute_tool_internal(tool_name, &owned_args),
        )
        .await
        {
            Ok(result) => match result {
                Ok(result) => result,
                Err(err) => {
                    self.record_error(tool_name, start.elapsed(), &req, &err).await;
                    return Err(err);
                }
            },
            Err(_) => {
                let err = UnifiedToolError::new(
                    UnifiedErrorKind::Timeout,
                    format!("Tool '{tool_name}' timed out after {timeout_secs} seconds"),
                )
                .with_tool_name(tool_name);
                self.record_error(tool_name, start.elapsed(), &req, &err).await;
                return Err(err);
            }
        };

        let duration_ms = start.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;

        // Wrap result in Arc once, then clone Arc for cache and response
        let arc_res = Arc::new(result);

        // Cache result (Arc clone is cheap - pass Arc directly into cache)
        self.cache.insert_arc(cache_key, Arc::clone(&arc_res)).await;

        // Atomic stats update — no lock needed
        self.stats.record_success(duration_ms);

        let res = ToolResponse {
            id: req.id.clone(),
            success: true,
            result: Some((*arc_res).clone()),
            error: None,
            duration_ms: Some(duration_ms),
            cache_hit: Some(false),
        };

        // After hooks
        if let Err(err) = self.middleware.after_execute(&req, &res).await {
            self.record_error(tool_name, start.elapsed(), &req, &err).await;
            return Err(err);
        }

        // Record pattern
        self.record_pattern(tool_name, true, duration_ms).await;

        Ok(arc_res)
    }

    /// Backwards-compatible wrapper for callers that still pass an owned Value.
    pub async fn execute_shared_owned(&self, tool_name: &str, args: Value) -> MiddlewareResult<Arc<Value>> {
        let arg = Arc::new(args);
        self.execute_shared(tool_name, arg).await
    }

    /// Execute tool (override this for real tool execution)
    async fn execute_tool_internal(&self, _tool_name: &str, _args: &Value) -> MiddlewareResult<Value> {
        // Default: return placeholder result
        // In real usage, this would call ToolRegistry
        Ok(serde_json::json!({"status": "ok"}))
    }

    async fn record_error(&self, tool_name: &str, elapsed: Duration, req: &ToolRequest, err: &UnifiedToolError) {
        self.stats.record_failure(elapsed.as_millis() as u64);

        let _ = self.middleware.on_error(req, err).await;
        self.record_pattern(tool_name, false, elapsed.as_millis() as u64).await;
    }

    /// Record event in pattern detector
    async fn record_pattern(&self, tool_name: &str, success: bool, duration_ms: u64) {
        let mut patterns = self.patterns.write().unwrap_or_else(|poisoned| {
            warn!("pattern detector lock poisoned; recovering");
            poisoned.into_inner()
        });
        patterns.record_event(ToolEvent {
            tool_name: tool_name.to_string(),
            success,
            duration_ms,
            timestamp: std::time::Instant::now(),
        });
    }

    /// Get current executor statistics.
    pub async fn stats(&self) -> ExecutorStats {
        let mut stats = self.stats.snapshot();
        let patterns = self.patterns.read().unwrap_or_else(|poisoned| {
            warn!("pattern detector lock poisoned; recovering");
            poisoned.into_inner()
        });
        stats.patterns_detected = patterns.patterns().len();
        stats
    }

    /// Get cache statistics.
    pub async fn cache_stats(&self) -> crate::tools::lru_cache::CacheStats {
        self.cache.stats().await
    }

    /// Get detected workflow patterns.
    pub async fn patterns(&self) -> Vec<crate::tools::pattern_detection::DetectedPattern> {
        let patterns = self.patterns.read().unwrap_or_else(|poisoned| {
            warn!("pattern detector lock poisoned; recovering");
            poisoned.into_inner()
        });
        patterns.patterns().to_vec()
    }

    /// Get ML-ready feature vector from patterns.
    pub async fn feature_vector(&self) -> Vec<f64> {
        let patterns = self.patterns.read().unwrap_or_else(|poisoned| {
            warn!("pattern detector lock poisoned; recovering");
            poisoned.into_inner()
        });
        patterns.feature_vector()
    }

    /// Clear cache
    pub async fn clear_cache(&self) {
        self.cache.clear().await;
    }

    /// Clear patterns
    pub async fn clear_patterns(&self) {
        let mut patterns = self.patterns.write().unwrap_or_else(|poisoned| {
            warn!("pattern detector lock poisoned; recovering");
            poisoned.into_inner()
        });
        patterns.reset();
    }

    /// Print execution report
    pub async fn report(&self) {
        let stats = self.stats().await;
        let cache_stats = self.cache_stats().await;
        let patterns = self.patterns().await;

        println!("\n=== ToolExecutor Report ===\n");

        println!("Execution Statistics:");
        println!("  Total calls:      {}", stats.total_calls);
        println!("  Successful:       {}", stats.successful_calls);
        println!("  Failed:           {}", stats.failed_calls);
        println!("  Avg duration:     {}ms", stats.avg_duration_ms);

        println!("\nCache Performance:");
        println!("  Hits:             {}", cache_stats.hits);
        println!("  Misses:           {}", cache_stats.misses);
        println!("  Hit rate:         {:.1}%", cache_stats.hit_rate());
        println!("  Evictions:        {}", cache_stats.evictions);
        println!("  Expirations:      {}", cache_stats.expirations);

        println!("\nWorkflow Patterns ({} detected):", patterns.len());
        for (i, pattern) in patterns.iter().take(5).enumerate() {
            println!("  {}. {:?}", i + 1, pattern.sequence);
            println!("     Frequency: {}, Confidence: {:.1}%", pattern.frequency, pattern.confidence * 100.0);
        }

        println!("\n");
    }
}

// Helper for stable cache key generation — uses a small 64-bit hash of the
// serialized JSON arguments to avoid storing large argument strings as cache
// keys while still differentiating distinct argument payloads.
#[inline]
fn make_cache_key(tool_name: &str, args: &Value) -> String {
    use std::hash::Hash;
    let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
    // Hash the tool name first for better distribution.
    tool_name.hash(&mut hasher);
    // Use compact JSON serialization for hashing.
    if let Ok(bytes) = serde_json::to_vec(args) {
        hasher.write(&bytes);
    }
    let h = hasher.finish();
    format!("{tool_name}:{h:x}")
}

// test above added to the test module further below

impl Default for CachedToolExecutor {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::tools::tool_middleware::{LoggingMiddleware, MetricsMiddleware, MiddlewareResult};
    use crate::tools::{UnifiedErrorKind, UnifiedToolError};
    use async_trait::async_trait;
    use std::sync::Arc;

    struct FailingMiddleware;

    #[async_trait]
    impl crate::tools::tool_middleware::Middleware for FailingMiddleware {
        async fn before_execute(&self, _req: &ToolRequest) -> MiddlewareResult<()> {
            Err(UnifiedToolError::new(UnifiedErrorKind::ExecutionFailed, "middleware rejected request"))
        }
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_executor_basic() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        let executor = CachedToolExecutor::new();

        // First call - miss
        let result = executor.execute("test_tool", serde_json::json!({"arg": 1})).await?;
        assert_eq!(result, serde_json::json!({"status": "ok"}));

        let stats = executor.stats().await;
        assert_eq!(stats.total_calls, 1);
        assert_eq!(stats.cache_misses, 1);

        Ok(())
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_executor_cache_hit() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        let executor = CachedToolExecutor::new();

        // Two identical calls
        executor.execute("test_tool", serde_json::json!({"arg": 1})).await?;
        executor.execute("test_tool", serde_json::json!({"arg": 1})).await?;

        let stats = executor.stats().await;
        assert_eq!(stats.total_calls, 2);
        assert_eq!(stats.successful_calls, 2);
        assert_eq!(stats.cache_hits, 1);
        assert_eq!(stats.cache_misses, 1);

        Ok(())
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn cache_hit_after_repeat_call() {
        let exec = CachedToolExecutor::with_config(10, Duration::from_secs(60), 3);
        let args = serde_json::json!({"x": 1});

        // First call -> cache miss
        let _first = exec.execute("test_tool", args.clone()).await.unwrap();

        // Second call with same args -> should use cache
        let _second = exec.execute("test_tool", args.clone()).await.unwrap();

        // Check stats for cache hit/miss
        let stats = exec.stats().await;
        assert!(stats.cache_hits >= 1);
        assert!(stats.cache_misses >= 1);
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_executor_with_middleware() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        let executor = CachedToolExecutor::new().with_middleware(LoggingMiddleware::new("test"));

        executor.execute("test_tool", serde_json::json!({})).await?;

        let stats = executor.stats().await;
        assert_eq!(stats.total_calls, 1);

        Ok(())
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_executor_patterns() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        let executor = CachedToolExecutor::new();

        // Record a repeating A -> B pattern with enough events
        // to trigger pattern analysis (ANALYZE_INTERVAL = 10).
        for _ in 0..6 {
            executor.execute("tool_a", serde_json::json!({})).await?;
            executor.execute("tool_b", serde_json::json!({})).await?;
        }

        let patterns = executor.patterns().await;
        assert!(!patterns.is_empty());

        Ok(())
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_executor_clear() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        let executor = CachedToolExecutor::new();

        executor.execute("test", serde_json::json!({})).await?;

        let stats_before = executor.stats().await;
        assert_eq!(stats_before.total_calls, 1);

        executor.clear_cache().await;
        executor.clear_patterns().await;

        let cache_stats = executor.cache_stats().await;
        assert_eq!(cache_stats.hits + cache_stats.misses, 0);

        Ok(())
    }

    #[tokio::test]
    async fn test_executor_reports_typed_error_to_middleware_metrics() {
        let metrics = MetricsMiddleware::new();
        let executor = CachedToolExecutor::new()
            .with_middleware(metrics.clone())
            .with_middleware(Arc::new(FailingMiddleware));

        let err = executor.execute("test", serde_json::json!({})).await;
        assert!(err.is_err());

        let stats = executor.stats().await;
        assert_eq!(stats.failed_calls, 1);

        let snapshot = metrics.snapshot().await;
        assert_eq!(snapshot.total_calls, 1);
        assert_eq!(snapshot.failed_calls, 1);
    }
}